Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

• Authors: Robert Biczak , Piotr Bałczewski , Barbara Pawłowska , Barbara Bachowska , Piotr Rychter

Title variants

PL

Porównanie Fitotoksyczności Wybranych Fosfoniowych Cieczy Jonowych

• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants - spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC - the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC - the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects - were also determined.

Keywords

EN

ionic liquids; phytotoxicity; land superior plants; spring barley; common radish; yield; dry weight; chlorosis; necrosis

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 281-295

Dates

online

8 - 7 - 2014

Contributors

author

Robert Biczak

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

author

Piotr Bałczewski

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]
• Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland

author

Barbara Pawłowska

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

author

Barbara Bachowska

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

author

Piotr Rychter

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

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Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/eces-2014-0022