The influence of lower extremity coronal plane movements on the passive regulation of instantaneous loading mechanics during running

• Authors: Jonathan Kenneth Sinclair , Paul John Taylor , Sarah Jane Hobbs
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Background: The repetitive transmission of impact forces may contribute to the aetiology of overuse injuries. Therefore determining the mechanisms that regulate impact loading has potential clinical significance.This study aimed to determine the influence of lower extremity coronal plane kinematics on the regulation of impact loading during running. Material/Methods: Thirty-six participants ran at 4.0 m.s-1striking the centre of a piezoelectric force platform with their dominant limb. Coronal plane angular kinematics about the hip, knee and ankle joints were measured using an eight-camera motion analysis system operating at 250 Hz. Regression analyses with instantaneous loading rate magnitude as a criterion were used to identify the coronal plane parameters associated with impact loading. Results: The overall regression model yielded Adj R2 = 0.37, p ≤ 0.01. Two biomechanical parameters were obtained as significant predictors of the instantaneous loading rate. Peak ankle eversion Adj R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.01 and peak eversion angular velocity of the ankle Adj R2 = 0.15, p ≤ 0.01 were found to be significant predictors of instantaneous loading rate. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation therefore suggest that passive joint motions in the coronal plane can regulate the magnitude of impact loading, linked to the development of chronic injuries.

Keywords

EN

impact loading; kinematics; coronal plane; passive regulation

• Publisher: Versita
• Journal: Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 5
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 167-175

Dates

published

1 - 10 - 2013

online

20 - 10 - 2013

Contributors

author

Jonathan Kenneth Sinclair

• Division of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, School of Sport Tourism and Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, UK

author

Paul John Taylor

• School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK

author

Sarah Jane Hobbs

• Division of Sport Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, School of Sport Tourism and Outdoors, University of Central Lancashire, UK

References

• 1. Cavanagh PR, Lafortune MA. Ground reaction forces in distance running. J Biomech. 1980;13:397-406.[PubMed][Crossref]
• 2. Taunton JE, Clement DB, McNicol K. Plantar fasciitis in runners. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. 1982;7:41-44.
• 3. Simon SR, Radin EL, Paul IL, Rose RM. The response of joints to impact loading, II. In vivo behavior of subchondral bone. J Biomech. 1972;5:267-72.[Crossref][PubMed]
• 4. Folman Y, Wosk J, Voloshin A, Liberty S. Cyclic impacts on heel strike: a possible biomechanical factor in the etiology of degenerativedisease of the human locomotorsystem. Archives of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery. 1986;104:363-5.
• 5. Collins JJ, Whittle MW. Impulsive forces during walking and their clinical implications. Clin Biomech. 1989;4:179-87.[Crossref]
• 6. Whittle MW. The generation and attenuation of transient forces beneath the foot; a review. Gait & Posture. 1999;10:264-275.
• 7. Sinclair J, Bottoms L, Taylor K, Greenhalgh A. Tibial shock measured during the fencing lunge, the influence of footwear. Sports Biomechanics. 2010;9:65-71.[Crossref][WoS]
• 8. Kolitzus HJ. Functional standards for playing surfaces. In: Frederick EC, editor. Sport shoes and playing surfaces. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics; 1984, 98-118.
• 9. Cook SD, Kester MA, Brunet ME. Shock absorption characteristics of running shoes. Am J Sport Med. 1985;13:248-253.[Crossref]
• 10. Krabbe B, Baumann W. Mechanical properties of running shoes - measurement and modelling. In: Herzog W, Nigg B, van den Bogert T, editors. Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics VIIIth Biennial Conference, August 1994. University of Calgary; 1994, 20-21.
• 11. Nigg BM, Bahlsen A. Influence of heel flare and midsole construction on pronation, supination, and impact forces for heel-toe running. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 1988;4:205-219.
• 12. Stacoff A, Denoth J, Kaelin X, Stuessi E. Running injuries and shoe construction: some possible relationships. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics. 1988;4:342-357.
• 13. Bates BT, Osternig LR, Sawhill JA, James SL. An assessment of subject variability, subject-shoe interaction, and the evaluation of running shoes using ground reaction force data. J Biomech. 1983;16:181-191.[PubMed][Crossref]
• 14. Nigg BM, Morlock M. The influence of lateral heel flare of running shoes on pronation and impact forces. Med Sci Sport Exer. 1987;19:294-302.
• 15. DeWit B, DeClerq D, Lenoir M. The effect of varying midsole hardness on impact forces and foot motion during foot contact in running. J Appl Biomech. 1995;11:395-406.
• 16. Kersting UG, Bruggemann GP. Midsole material-related force control during heel-toe running. Research in Sports Medicine. 2006;14:1-17.
• 17. Wright IC, Neptune RR, van Den Bogert AJ, Nigg BM. Passive regulation of impact forces in heel-toe running. Clin Biomech. 1998;13(7):521-531.[Crossref]
• 18. Denoth J. Load on the locomotor system and modelling. In: Nigg BM, editor. Biomechanics of running shoes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1986, 63-116.
• 19. Bobbert MF, Yeadon MR, Nigg BM. Mechanical characteristics of the landing phase in heel-toe running. J Biomech. 1992;25:223-234.[Crossref]
• 20. Lafortune MA, Hening EM, Lake MJ. Dominant role of interface over knee angle for cushioning impact loading and regulating initial leg stiffness. J Biomech. 1996;29:1523-1529.[PubMed]
• 21. Yingling VR, Yack HJ, White SC. The effect of rearfootmotion on attenuation of the impulse wave at impactduring running. J Appl Biomech. 1996;12:313.
• 22. Perry SD, Lafortune MA. Influences of inversion/eversion of the foot upon impact loading during locomotion. Clin Biomech. 1995;10:253-257.[Crossref]
• 23. Milani TL, Schnabel G, Hennig EM. Rearfoot motion and pressure distribution patterns during running in shoes with varus and valgus wedges. J Appl Biomech. 1995;11:177-187.
• 24. Erdfelder E, Faul F, Buchner A. G*Power: a general power analysis program. Behav Res Meth Ins C. 1996;28:1-11.[Crossref]
• 25. Sinclair J, Edmundson CJ, Brooks D, Hobbs SJ. Evaluation of kinematic methods of identifying gait Events during running. International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2011;5:188-192.
• 26. Cappozzo A, Catani F, Leardini A, Benedeti MG, Della CU. Position and orientation in space of bones during movement: Anatomical frame definition and determination. Clin Biomech. 1995;10:171-178.[Crossref]
• 27. Bell AL, Brand RA, Pedersen DR. Prediction of hip joint centre location from external landmarks, Human Movement Science. 1989;8:3-16.[Crossref]
• 28. Cappozzo A, Cappello A, Croce U, Pensalfini F. Surface-marker cluster design criteria for 3-D bone movement reconstruction. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1997;44:1165-1174.[Crossref]
• 29. Sinclair J, Taylor PJ, Edmundson CJ, Brooks D, Hobbs SJ. Influence of the helical and six available cardan sequences on 3-D ankle joint kinematic parameters. Sports Biomechanics. 2012;11:430-437.[WoS][Crossref]
• 30. Sinclair, J., Greenhalgh, A., Edmundson, C.J., Brooks, D.,& Hobbs, S.J. (2012). Gender differences in the kinetics and kinematics of distance running: implications for footwear design, International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering, 6, 118-128.
• 31. Sinclair J, Greenhalgh A, Edmundson CJ, Brooks D, Hobbs SJ. The efficacy of barefoot and shod running and shoes designed to mimic barefoot running, Footwear Science. 2013;5:45-53.
• 32. Greenhalgh A, Sinclair J, Protheroe L, Chokalingam N. Predicting impact shock magnitude: which ground reaction force variable should we use? International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering. 2012;6:225-231.
• 33. Shorten M, Mientjes MIV. The ‘heel impact’ force peak during running is neither ‘heel’ nor ‘impact’ and does not quantify shoe cushioning effects. Footwear Science. 2011;3:41-58.[Crossref]
• 34. Taunton JE, Clement DB, McNicol K. Plantar fasciitis in runners. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. 1982;7:41-44.
• 35. Duffey MJ, Martin DF, Cannon DW, Craven T, Messier SP. Etiologic factors associated with anterior knee pain in distance runners. Med Sci Sport Exer. 2000;2:1825-1832.[Crossref]
• 36. Willems TM, De Clercq D, Delbaere K, Vanderstraeten G, De Cock A, Witvrouw E. A prospective study to gait related risk factors for exercise-related lower leg pain. Gait & Posture. 2006;23:91-98.[PubMed]
• 37. Lee SY, Hertel J, Lee SC. Rearfoot eversion has indirect effects on plantar fascia tension by changing the amount of arch collapse. The Foot. 2010;20:64-70.[PubMed]
• 38. Nigg BM. Biomechanics of running shoes. Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.; 1986.
• 39. Sinclair J, Taylor PJ, Edmundson CJ, Brooks D, Hobbs SJ. The influence of footwear kinetic, kinematic and electromographical parameters on the energy requirements of steady state running. Sports Science and Human Movement. 2013;80:39-49.
• 40. Shorten MR, Winslow DS. Spectral analysis of impact shock duringrunning. International Journal of Sports Biomechanics. 1992;8:288-304.
• 41. Hennig EM. Gender differences for running in athletic footwear. In: Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Footwear Biomechanics. Zuerich 2005.
• 42. Stefanyshyn DJ, Stergiou P, Nigg BM, Rozitis AI, Goepfert B. Do females require different running footwear? In: Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Footwear Biomechanics. 2003; 91-92.
• 43. Ferber R, Davis IM, Williams DS. Gender differences in lower extremity mechanics during running. Clin Biomech. 2003;18:350-357.[Crossref]
• 44. Malinzak RA, Colby SM, Kirkendall DT, Yu B, Garrett WE. A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks. Clin Biomech. 2001;16:438-445.[Crossref]
• 45. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sport Med. 2005;33:492-501. [Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/bjha-2013-0015