Hygienization of Surplus Activated Sludge By Dry Ice

• Authors: Ewelina Nowicka , Alicja Machnicka
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in sewage sludge is one of the crucial factors affecting their use in agriculture and in nature. An appropriate method of sludge hygienization can contribute to the reduction of the presence of pathogenic microbes in the sludge or to their complete elimination. This study presents the possibility of using dry ice in the hygienization of surplus activated sludge. The scope of survey covered microbiological as well as physiochemical analyses of the sludge. The microbiological analyses conducted show the hygienization effect of dry ice on surplus activated sludge such as the reduction of the total number of bacteria as well as of pathogenic bacteria. In the case of sludge to dry ice 1:1 voluminal ratio, the total number of bacteria has been reduced by 76%, the number of Salmonella sp. rods by 90%, and Clostridium perfringens by 85%. The results of physiochemical analyses confirmed the destructive effect that dry ice has over microorganisms. The disintegration of microbes by means of dry ice contributed to the increase of supernatant liquid turbidity and to the release of organic matter. For the sludge to dry ice 1:1 voluminal ratio, an increase in turbidity of supernatant liquid by 320 mg SiO2 dm-3 has been proven, as well as an increase in the value of CODCr by 549 mg O2 dm-3, which indicates the release of organic matter into the liquid phase.

Keywords

EN

surplus activated sludge; dry ice; Salmonella sp.; Clostridium perfringens

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 21
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 651-660

Dates

online

2 - 2 - 2015

Contributors

author

Ewelina Nowicka

• Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland, phone [phone]

author

Alicja Machnicka

• Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Environmental Protection and Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland, phone [phone]

References

• [1] Rozporządzenia Ministra Środowiska (DzU 2010, Nr 137, poz. 924).
• [2] Bitton G. Wastewater Microbiology, Third Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons; 2005. DOI: 10.1002/0471717967.[Crossref]
• [3] Bień J. Osady ściekowe. Teoria i praktyka. Częstochowa: Wyd. Politechniki Częstochowskiej; 2007.
• [4] Virella G. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins a Waverly Company; 2000.
• [5] Lunn AD, Fàbrega A, Sánchez-Céspedes J, Vila J. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. 2010;13:15-20. DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.107.[Crossref]
• [6] Schlegel GH. Mikrobiologia ogólna. Warszawa: Wyd Nauk PWN; 2005.
• [7] Sirous M, Namaki S, Mirshafiey A. PhD. Clostridia. J Chinese Clinic Medic. 2009;4:35-47.
• [8] Wilson ChA, Novak JT. Water Res. 2009;43:4489-4498. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.022.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [9] Appels L, Degrève J, Van der Bruggen B, Van Impe J, Dewil R. Biores Technol. 2010;101:5743-5748. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.068.[Crossref]
• [10] Barjenbruch M, Kopplow O. Adv Environ Res. 2003;7:715-720. DOI: 10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00032-1.[Crossref]
• [11] Roman HJ, Burgess JE, Pletschke BI. Afric J Biotechnol. 2006;5:963-967. DOI: 10.5897/AJB06.154.[Crossref]
• [12] Weemaes M, Grootaerd H, Simoens F, Verstraete W. Water Res. 2000;34:2330-2336. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00373-5.[Crossref]
• [13] Campos JL, Otero L, Franco A, Mosquera-Corral A, Roca E. Biores Technol. 2009;100:1069-1073. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.056.[Crossref]
• [14] Woodard SE, Wukasch RF. A hydrolysis/thickening/filtration process for the treatment of waste activated sludge. Water Sci Technol. 1994;30:29-38.
• [15] Vlyssides AG, Karlis PK. Biores Technol. 2004;91:201-206. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00176-7.[Crossref]
• [16] Gogate PR, Pandit AB. Hydrodynamic cavitation reactors: a state of the art review. Rev Chem Eng. 2001;17:7-85.
• [17] Grübel K, Machnicka A, Suschka J. Scum hydrodynamic disintegration for waste water treatment efficiency upgrading. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2009;16:359-367.
• [18] Machnicka A, Grübel K, Suschka J. The use hydrodynamic disintegration to accelerate anaerobic digestion of surplus activated sludge. Water Environ Res. 2009;81:1-7.[WoS]
• [19] Müller J. Disintegration as key-stop in sewage sludge treatment. Water Sci Technol. 2000;41:123-139.
• [20] Bień J, Szparkowska J. Alkaliczne i ultradźwiękowe kondycjonowanie osadu nadmiernego przed procesem stabilizacji beztlenowej. GWiTS. 2004;9:316-320.
• [21] Wang F, Lu S, Ji M. Ultrasonics. Sonochemistry. 2006;13:334-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2005.04.008.[Crossref][PubMed]
• [22] Antoniadis A, Poulios I, Nikolakaki E, Mantzavinos D. J Hazard Mater. 2007;146:492-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.065.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [23] Zhang G, Zhang P, Yang J, Chena Y. J Hazard Mater. 2007;145:515-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.133.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [24] Rusin A, Machnicka A. Kawitacja ultradźwiękowa w higienizacji osadu czynnego nadmiernego. GIG. 2011;3:73-80.
• [25] Machnicka A, Grübel K, Suschka J. The use hydrodynamic disintegration as means to improve anaerobic digestion of activated sludge. Water SA. 2009;35:129-132.
• [26] Machnicka A, Grübel K, Rusin A. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2012;19:415-421. DOI: 10.2478/v10216-011-0031-x.[Crossref]
• [27] Radosz M. Badania nad możliwością zastosowania mikrofal do higienizacji osadów ściekowych. GWiTS. 2005;2:24-26.
• [28] Janosz-Rajczyk M, Tomska A. Wpływ pola magnetycznego na proces oczyszczania ścieków metodą osadu czynnego. GWiTS. 2006;2:28-31.
• [29] Kennedy KJ, Thibault G, Droste RL. Microwave enhanced digestion of aerobic SBR sludge. Water SA. 2007;33:261-270.
• [30] Dębowski M, Zieliński M. Możliwość zastosowania promieniowania mikrofalowego w procesach suszenia osadów powstających podczas oczyszczania ścieków. Woda Ścieki. 2009;1:8-11.
• [31] Grübel K, Machnicka A. Oddziaływanie promieniowania mikrofalowego na osad czynny. Nauka Przyr Technol. 2011;5:67.
• [32] Cotton A, Wilkinson G, Gaus PL. Chemia nieorganiczna. Warszawa: Wyd Nauk PWN; 1995.
• [33] Jean DS, Lee DJ, Chang CY. Adv Envir Res. 2001;5:145-150. DOI: 10.1016/S1093-0191(00)00052-6.[Crossref]
• [34] Project Routes (2011-2014), Novel processing routes for effective sewage sludge management. Innovative system solutions for municipal sludge treatment and management. Grant agreement n° 265156. Methodology of detection and enumeration of spores of Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella MPN in sludge, soils and organic fertilizers: Pour plate method for quantification, University of Barcelona.
• [35] Clesceri LS, Eaton AD, Greenberg AE, Franson MA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater : 19th edition supplement. Washington: American Public Health Association; 1996.
• [36] Sahlström L. Biores Technol. 2003;87:161-166. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00168-2.[Crossref]
• [37] Walczak M, Lalke-Porczyk E. Occurrence of bacteria salmonella sp. in sewage sludge used in agriculture. Environ Protect Eng. 2009;35:5-12.
• [38] Hargreaves JC, Adl MS, Warman PR. Ecosyst Environ. 2008;123:1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.004.[Crossref]
• [39] Watanabe H, Kitamura T, Ochi S, Ozaki M. Water Sci Technol. 1997;36:25-32. DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00503-9.[Crossref]
• [40] Dumonten S, Dinel H, Baloda SB. Biological Agricult Horticult. 1999;16:409-430. DOI: 10.1080/01448765.1999.9755243.[Crossref]
• [41] Czechowski F, Marcinkowski T. Water Res. 2006;40:1895-1905. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.023.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [42] Dudley DJ, Guentzel MN, Ibarra MJ, More BE, Sagik BP. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 1980;39:118-126. DOI: 0099-2240/80/01-0118/09$02.00/0.
• [43] Libudzisz Z, Kowal K, Żakowska Z. Mikroorganizmy i środowiska ich występowania. Warszawa: Wyd Nauk PWN; 2007.
• [44] Montusiewicz A, Lebiocka M, Rożej A, Zacharska E, Pawłowski L. Biores Technol. 2010;101:3466-3473. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.125.[Crossref]
• [45] Grübel K, Machnicka A. J Environ Sci Health A - Toxic/Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2014;49:101-107. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.824738.[Crossref]
• [46] Woon-Ji Pa, Johng-Hwa A. Environ Eng Res. 2011;16:103-109. DOI: 10.4491/eer.2011.16.2.103.[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.1515/eces-2014-0047