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1
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Scapula Kinematics of Youth Baseball Players

100%
Oliver G., Weimar W.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 49
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issue 1
47-54
EN
Literature has revealed the importance of quantifying resting scapular posture in overhead athletes as well as quantifying scapular kinematics during dynamic movement. Prior to this project much of the attention in throwing research had been focused on the position of the humerus without description of the positioning of the scapula. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to present scapular kinematics during pitching in youth baseball players. Twenty-five youth baseball players (age 11.3 + 1.0 years; body height 152.4 + 9.0 cm; body mass 47.5 + 11.3 kg), with no history of injury, participated in the study. Scapular kinematics at the events of maximum humeral external rotation (MER) and maximum humeral internal rotation (MIR) during the pitching motion were assessed three-dimensionally while pitching fastballs for strikes. Results revealed that at the event of MER, the scapula was in a position of retraction, upward rotation and a posterior tilt. While at the event of MIR, the scapula was protracted, upward rotated and tilted anteriorly.
2
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Evaluation of the upper extremity functions of the non-affected side in hemiplegic patients during one month follow-up

88%
Küçük N., Özden A. V., Alptekin K.
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2020
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vol. 35
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issue 1
17-23
EN
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the functional changes in the upper extremity of the intact side of hemiplegic patients within 0-12 months after stroke. Material and methods The study included 32 individuals with Stage 3 and Stage 4 progression according to Brunnstrom stages, whose right side was dominant. The age range of the individuals in the study was 45-80 years. This research was a prospective study planned according to the single group pretest-post test pattern. There was no control group. Results As a result of the study, it was determined that pain increased in the shoulder region of the non-affected side during the one-month follow-up period and therefore, upper extremity functionality decreased. After one month, strength values of grip, shoulder flexion (left intact), shoulder extension, shoulder abduction (right intact), shoulder internal rotation, shoulder external rotation (left intact), elbow flexion, elbow extension, and wrist extension increased. Furthermore, during this follow-up period upper extremity functionality decreased, pain values increased in the shoulder area, and hand grip strength values increased in individuals whose disease duration was 0-6 months and 7-12 months. Conclusions The non-affected upper extremity of a stroke patient plays an important role in helping them throughout the activities of their daily life. This study concluded that, upper extremities of the non-affected side of hemiplegic patients are also affected in terms of muscle strength, pain and functionality.
3
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The Effect of Upper Extremity Fatigue on Grip Strength and Passing Accuracy in Junior Basketball Players

75%
Ahmed T.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 37
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issue 1
71-79
EN
Fatigue is an unavoidable part of a basketball game, which may affect an athlete’s performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of upper extremity fatigue on grip strength and passing accuracy in basketball, and ascertain if the effects of different fatigue protocols on grip strength and passing accuracy are the same. Twenty-four juniors under 18 years old (age: 16.75 ± 0.62 years; body height: 184.5 ± 3.31 cm; body mass: 77.25 ± 3.22 kg) volunteered to participate in the study, and were divided into two groups. After a warm-up, both groups performed the basketball passing test and grip strength was recorded for each group under three different testing conditions: rest, 70% and 90% exercise intensity. The protocol used for the first group was the chest press, and for the second group the wrist curls. Results show that after the upper extremity fatigue protocol all parameters of the study (grip strength and passing accuracy) showed a significant decrease, and there was no significant difference between both groups regarding grip strength and passing accuracy. The study suggested that in order to avoid upper extremity fatigue, basketball trainers and coaches need to include upper extremity conditioning exercises into their training sessions.
4
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Obraz kliniczny i wyniki leczenia operacyjnego tłuszczaków kończyny górnej

63%
Żyluk A.
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vol. 23(6)
393-400
EN
Background. Lipomas are benign neoplasms arising from fat tissue, with an incidence in the upper extremity of 1%-3,8%. There is scarce literature on the outcomes of the treatment of lipomas in this region. The objective of this study was to assess clinical manifestations and outcomes of surgery for upper extremity lipomas. Material and methods. The sample comprised 40 patients, including 26 women (65%) and 14 men (35%), at a mean age of 37 years, with lipomas located in the upper limbs. Treatment outcomes were assessed at a mean of 4.2 years after surgery in 27 patients from this group. Results. Most of the tumours (29 cases, 73%) were located in the forearm and arm, with 11 patients (27%) presenting with lipomas of the metacarpus and wrist. In 35 patients (87%), lesions were located superficially, within subcutaneous tissue, whereas in 5 (13%) they were located more deeply, in the metacarpus and in the forearm muscles. The follow-up assessment was conducted as telephone interviews in 27 patients. No recurrence was noted. Seven patients (26%) complained of mild tenderness of the postoperative scar. Conclusions. 1. Lipomas are moderately frequent benign lesions occurring in the upper limb. 2. Surgical treatment is effective and the recurrence rate is very low.
PL
Wstęp. Tłuszczaki są łagodnymi nowotworami powstającymi z tkanki tłuszczowej, o częstości występowania na kończynach górnych wynoszącej od 1% do 3,8%. W piśmiennictwie nie ma wielu artykułów na temat wyników leczenia tłuszczaków o tej lokalizacji. Celem pracy była ocena manifestacji klinicznej i wyników leczenia tłuszczaków w obrębie kończyny górnej. Materia i metoda. Materiał kliniczny stanowiła grupa 40 pacjentów, 26 kobiet (65%) i 14 mężczyzn (35%), w wieku śr. 37 lat, z tłuszczakami umiejscowionymi na kończynach górnych. Wyniki leczenia po okresie śr. 4,2 lat od operacji oceniono u 27 pacjentów z tej grupy. Wyniki. Większość guzów - 29 przypadków (73%) była zlokalizowana na przedramieniu i ramieniu, a u 11 pacjentów (27%) na śródręczu i nadgarstku. U 35 pacjentów (87%) guzy były umiejscowione powierzchownie w tkance podskórnej, a u 5 (13%) były położone głęboko wewnątrz śródręcza i w mięśniach przedramienia. Badanie kontrolne w formie wywiadu telefonicznego przeprowadzono u 27 pacjentów. Nie zanotowano żadnego nawrotu choroby. Siedmiu pacjentów (26%) skarżyło się na niewielkie dolegliwości w okolicy blizny pooperacyjnej. Wnioski. 1. Tłuszczaki są umiarkowanie częstymi guzami łagodnymi spotykanymi w obrębie kończyny górnej. 2. Leczenie operacyjne jest skuteczne, a nawroty bardzo rzadkie.
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Trening siłowy kończyn górnych jako forma rehabilitacji dzieci i młodzieży z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym: systematyczny przegląd piśmiennictwa

63%
Walecka I., Ambroziewicz M., Gąsior J. S.
Neurologia Dziecięca
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2021-2022
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vol. 31-32
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issue 60
26-39
EN
Introduction. Muscle strength weakness is the main symptom limiting motor skills in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). This literature review focuses on the effects of upper limb strength training (ST) in children with CP. Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA Statement guidelines. To verify the effectiveness of ST, medical databases were screened using keywords: cerebral palsy, strength training, resistance training, upper limb, upper extremity. Studies were divided into two categories involving strength training alone and strength training in combination with another therapeutic intervention. Results. Nineteen publications were found, 9 of which were included in the final analysis: 4 randomised studies, 1 non-randomised study and 4 case studies. The results are presented in tabular form according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health at the activity and participation levels. The analyzed studies used: ST as a stand-alone intervention, ST along with electrostimulation and ST in combination with botulinum toxin injections. Conclusions. Based on the reviewed studies it is not possible to define precise upper limb ST guidelines in a group of children with CP due to heterogeneity in the studies regarding: training type, intensity and duration. There is a need to establish the specific characteristics of patients with CP and the training protocol. This would maximize the benefits of this type of training at the level of activity and participation in daily life of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.
PL
Wstęp: Osłabienie siły mięśniowej jest jednym z kluczowych objawów ograniczających motorykę u pacjentów z mózgowym porażeniem dziecięcym (MPD). Przeprowadzony przegląd piśmiennictwa skupia się na efektach treningu siłowego (TS) kończyn górnych u dzieci z MPD. Materiał i Metody: Przegląd piśmiennictwa przeprowadzono zgodnie z wytycznymi PRISMA Statement. W celu weryfikacji skuteczności TS przeszukano wybrane medyczne bazy danych używając słów kluczowych: mózgowe porażenie dziecięce, trening siłowy, kończyna górna. Badania podzielono na dwie kategorie, te w których występuje sam trening siłowy oraz te, w których trening siłowy jest połączony z inną interwencją terapeutyczną. Wyniki: Znaleziono 19 publikacji, z których do końcowej analizy włączono 9 prac: 4 badania randomizowane, 1 badanie inne niż randomizowane i 4 analizy przypadku. Wyniki przedstawiono w formie tabelarycznej zgodnie z Międzynarodową Klasyfikacją Funkcjonowania, Niepełnosprawności i Zdrowia na poziomach: struktury i funkcji, aktywności oraz partycypacji. W analizowanych badaniach wykorzystywano: TS jako samodzielną interwencję, TS wraz z elektrostymulacją oraz TS w połączeniu z iniekcjami toksyny botulinowej. Wnioski: Na podstawie przeanalizowanych badań nie można określić precyzyjnych wytycznych TS kończyn górnych w grupie dzieci z MPD z powodu zbyt dużej różnorodności badań w zakresie typu treningu, jego intensywności i czasu trwania. Istnieje konieczność ustalenia charakterystyki pacjentów z MPD i protokołu treningowego, które pozwolą na osiągnięcie maksymalnych korzyści płynących z tego rodzaju treningu na płaszczyźnie aktywności i partycypacji w życiu codziennym.
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