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Training Load Structure of Young Soccer Players in a Typical Training Microcycle during the Competitive and the Transition Period

100%
Głowacki A., Ignatiuk W., Konieczna A., Jastrzębski Z.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 1
26-33
EN
Background: The aims of this study were: (1) to characterize the training load structure and the applied training means in typical microcycles of the transition period and the competitive season administered to young soccer players, and (2) to present exemplary training units of the competitive and the transition periods.Material/Methods: 20 young soccer players (12-13 years old) took part in the study. Jastrzębski's method based on Sozański and Śledziewski was applied to register and monitor the training load. Data was analyzed regarding the information range (general or specific drills) as well as energetic zones (aerobic, mixed aerobic-anaerobic, anaerobic lactate or anaerobic alactate drills).Results: The results of study show crucial differences in the applied training means in the analyzed microcycles. In a typical microcycle of the transition period general drills predominate, while during the competitive period - specific drills prevail. The total effective time of training was longer in the competitive season microcycle. It is a proper relationship according to the theory of sport training.Conclusions: The range of the training load registered in the competitive season is in line with other authors' research where league matches and small-sided games were used particularly often. The studied microcycles in the competitive season can be model ones and can be used in the training process of young football players.
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Changes Related to Fatigue in Cardiorespiratory Response Sensitivity to Hypoxic and Hypercapnic Stimulation during Strenuous Physical Load

88%
Mishchenko V., Suchanowski A., Lysenko O.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
27-32
EN
Background: The aim was to study changes in the sensitivity of CRS responses of skilled athletes caused by fatigue during a strenuous physical load.Material/Methods: Response sensitivity to hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli was analyzed in a group of high performance rowers (n=12) aged 18-22 years during exercising on "Concept-II" rowing ergometer. Two types of loads were used: sustained intensive load at high oxygen consumption (78-83% of VO2max) and relatively easier load (49-62% of VO2max) performed within 5 minutes. The method of rebreathing was used to determine responses sensitivity to CO2.Results: The results showed an increase in respiratory response sensitivity to hypoxia and a decrease in sensitivity to acidosis stimulus of respiration (CO2-H+) at the end of a strenuous load in presence of fatigue. Ventilatory response to hypoxic stimulus increased reliably before the end of work. At high intensity of loads during increment hypercapnia even in highly trained athletes the inhibition of ventilatory response has been notedConclusions: The data provide additional grounds for correction of fatigue by means of regulating the character and the intensity of physical loads in the process of endurance training. It has been shown that changes in sensitivity of CRS responses and other aspects of reactive features are of importance for special work capacity manifestations.
3
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The effects of differences in sleep quality and quantity on VO2max levels

88%
Ramania N. S., Apriantono T., Winata B.
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 4
11-17
EN
Introduction Sleep quality and quantity are factors that affect one's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of different sleep quality and quantity on VO2max levels. Material and methods 64 participants were involved in this study, and they were divided into two groups based on their sleep quality and quantity. This division was determined by employing sleep pattern questionnaires. Group 1 was comprised of 32 participants with good sleep quality. Generally, they only slept for 6 hours, however, their sleep quality was very good. On the contrary, group 2 consisted of 32 participants with poor sleep quality, irrespective of the fact that their sleep durations were around 7 hours, which is longer than group 1. All participants went through a series of pretest sessions for one week to determine their average heart rate (HR) before and after sleep. Furthermore, they underwent experimental sessions which required them to participate in the cooper 2.4km test to determine their VO2max levels. Results The results show a significant difference in participants' VO2max levels, with the average in group 1 being higher than in group 2 (F = 5.853) (p = 0.018). This result was obtained from statistical tests using a one-way ANOVA. Conclusions This study indicates that having good quality sleep for 6 hours plays a crucial role in maintaining and increasing CRF.
4
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The Effects of Training Volume on the Performance of Young Elite Weightlifters

88%
Siahkouhian M., Kordi H.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 26
137-145
EN
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing training volume on improvements in performance, physical fitness test records, and body composition variables in young elite weight lifters.Sixteen young elite weightlifters who volunteered to participate in the study undertook the training program included specific weightlifting training with an 80%-90% of individual records. Volume of training increased according to the Fry et al. protocol. Training for subjects consisted primarily of large muscle mass exercises made up of front and back squats, overhead lifts, dead lifts, the snatch, clean and jerk, and their variations. Vertical jump height and rearward weight throws were determined using a force platform with specifically designed software and distance covered by the subjects to the nearest 1cm, respectively.No significant changes in snatch and clean & jerk records were observed from pre- to mid- and from mid- to post-testing phases (snatch: 75.18±34.58 vs. 71.61±22.07 vs. 74.46±33.74 kg, P≥0.05; clean & jerk: 91.96±47.84 vs. 88.21±42.85 vs. 92.82±43.56 kg, P≥0.05). There were no significant changes in the front squat records from pre-to mid and from mid-to post testing (111.57±48.57 vs. 109.07±49.80 vs. 108.79±49.46 kg; P≥0.05). Results showed decreases (no significant) from pre-to mid testing but remarkable increase from mid- to post testing for back squat (130.36±56.79 vs. 125.89±57.48 vs. 163.07±101.90 kg; P≥0.05).The data showed that performing additional session per day of high intensity weightlifting training does not lead to significantly greater improvements in performance of young elite weightlifters. Therefore, coaches could use one instead of two sessions of high intensity lifting training per day.
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