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Developmental Tendencies of Results in Female Heptathlon in the Olympic Games during the Years 1984-2008

100%

Majchrzak K., Kamrowska-Nowak M., Byzdra K.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

2010

vol. 2

issue 2

158-163

Background: The aim of this study is to assess a change tendency of the results in heptathlon and in particular events of this discipline.Material/Methods: In the research the authors used results achieved in heptathlon in the Olympic Games during the years 1984-2008. Top 20 female athletes of general standing were taken into consideration. MS Excel 2007 spreadsheet program and a method of document analysis were used to analyse and assess a change tendency.Results: Mean values achieved in particular events showed that the highest results, which were above the average in each Olympic Games, occurred in 1992 and 2008. The levels of all mean values and final results in heptathlon were higher than average values described in the above mentioned years. Mean values did not show developing tendencies in the Olympic Games.A correlation analysis showed that 100 m hurdles, 200 m run and long jump had the biggest influence on the final result in heptathlon.Conclusions: The best results achieved in different events show a high sport level of these results which are close to results in individual competitions.Throwing events demonstrated the highest increasing tendency of results: javelin throw (10.84%) and shot put (8.02%); the smallest changes in the sport level were noticed in sprint events: 200m run (2.94%) and 100m hurdles (3.14%) and in high jump (3.89%).Big events such as the Olympic Games on the whole create favourable conditions for setting the world records, as is confirmed by the example of Jackie Joyner-Kersee with her result 7 291 points in Seoul Olympic Games.

Influence of Culture on Sports Achievements: The Case of Sprint Relay Teams from Japan, Brazil, the USA and Great Britain

88%

Sorokowski P.

Human Movement

2009

vol. 10

issue 2

176-181

Purpose. Research outside sport psychology indicates that collectivist cultures positively influence group achievements. Because of this results of sports teams from collectivist cultures should be better than those of their counterparts from individualist cultures. This hypothesis was examined in two studies. Basic procedures. (1) In study I, 15 coaches, using the IC Interpersonal Assessment Inventory (ICIAI), enumerated characteristics that a perfect team member should possess. (2) In study II, individual results (achieved between 2001 and 2008) of four top Japanese and Brazilian athletes (collectivist cultures) and American and British (individualist cultures) were compared against the best 4 × 100 m relay results from these countries. Main findings. (1) In the coaches' opinion players of team sports should definitely be more collectivist than individualist in relation to the values professed. (2) In the context of athlete's potential, the Japanese and Brazilian relay teams achieved generally better results than their American and British counterparts. Conclusions. The obtained results show that collectivist cultures not only facilitate and favor the development of sports teams, but also enhance their performance.

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1 Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

1 Human Movement

1 2010

1 2009

1 Byzdra K.

1 Kamrowska-Nowak M.

1 Majchrzak K.

1 Sorokowski P.

Search results

Developmental Tendencies of Results in Female Heptathlon in the Olympic Games during the Years 1984-2008

Influence of Culture on Sports Achievements: The Case of Sprint Relay Teams from Japan, Brazil, the USA and Great Britain