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Historia tracheotomii

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EN
The present notion - tracheotomy, originates from the Latin words trachea – windpipe, which comes from the combination of Latin “tracheia” and Greek “arteria” indicating an uneven road, and “tome” – cut. Procedures of pharyngotomy have a long-lasting history. First similar operations were found on the ancient Egyptian clay tablets dating back to 3600 BC. Mentions of pharyngotomy operations were found in the papyrus called Ebers’s Papyrus dating back to about 1550 BC, which can obviously be treated as an encyclopaedia of the medical knowledge that the ancient Egyptians possessed. Guidelines for the person performing pharyngotomy were described in Rig Veda – the holy scriptures of Hindi medicine, about 2000 BC. Asclepiads of Prussia in Bithynia (124–156 BC), a Greek physician practising in Rome, is commonly considered the father of pharyngotomy. In the 1st century BC he documented an operation similar to pharyngotomy. Procedures similar to pharyngotomy were conducted by Claudius Galenus of Pergamon (about 130–200 AD) who was treating gladiators at the beginning of his medical career. A precise description of the technique in pharyngotomy performed by the method adopted from Antilla (3rd century AD) was presented by Paulos Aeginata (625–690 AD), whereas in modern times the first surgical pharyngotomy was performed by Antonio Brasavola (1490–1554) in 1546. In those times pharyngotomy operations were applied as life saving procedures and were associated with a desperate fight for life. The best example is given by Sanctorio Santorius (1561–1636) who pierced the trachea lumen with a trocar. All the experiences connected with the pharyngotomy technique were collected by Lorenz Heister (1683–1758) and published in his work “Surgery” in 1716. Until the end of 18th century the work finally established views about performing pharyngotomy operations. In 1856 Eugeniusz Bonchut conducted the first pharyngotomy in a child with passing an intubation tube into the trachea lumen. The operation was performed according to theoretical assumptions by Armando Trausseau (1801–1867), whose contributions to emergency pharyngotomy methods are enormous. Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century Chevalier Jackson (1865–1958) set principles for surgical techniques in pharyngotomy that still remain in force. The return to Sanctorius’s method and also adaptation of Selinger’s method (1953) of cannulation of blood vessels turned out to be fundamental for the further development of transdermal pharyngotomy. The first set for multistage, dilatation pharyngotomy was provided by P. Ciaglia et al. in 1985. A one-stage pharyngotomy by special forceps was described by W. M. Griggs et al. in 1990. A technique of transdermal pharyngotomy from inside the trachea was presented in 1995 by A. Fantoni with his group. Modern methods of transdermal pharyngotomy are good complementary techniques for classical methods of pharyngotomy in both emergency and chronic cases.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Historia tracheotomii

100%
PL
The present notion - tracheotomy, originates from the Latin words trachea – windpipe, which comes from the combination of Latin “tracheia” and Greek “arteria” indicating an uneven road, and “tome” – cut. Procedures of pharyngotomy have a long-lasting history. First similar operations were found on the ancient Egyptian clay tablets dating back to 3600 BC. Mentions of pharyngotomy operations were found in the papyrus called Ebers’s Papyrus dating back to about 1550 BC, which can obviously be treated as an encyclopaedia of the medical knowledge that the ancient Egyptians possessed. Guidelines for the person performing pharyngotomy were described in Rig Veda – the holy scriptures of Hindi medicine, about 2000 BC. Asclepiads of Prussia in Bithynia (124–156 BC), a Greek physician practising in Rome, is commonly considered the father of pharyngotomy. In the 1st century BC he documented an operation similar to pharyngotomy. Procedures similar to pharyngotomy were conducted by Claudius Galenus of Pergamon (about 130–200 AD) who was treating gladiators at the beginning of his medical career. A precise description of the technique in pharyngotomy performed by the method adopted from Antilla (3rd century AD) was presented by Paulos Aeginata (625–690 AD), whereas in modern times the first surgical pharyngotomy was performed by Antonio Brasavola (1490–1554) in 1546. In those times pharyngotomy operations were applied as life saving procedures and were associated with a desperate fight for life. The best example is given by Sanctorio Santorius (1561–1636) who pierced the trachea lumen with a trocar. All the experiences connected with the pharyngotomy technique were collected by Lorenz Heister (1683–1758) and published in his work “Surgery” in 1716. Until the end of 18th century the work finally established views about performing pharyngotomy operations. In 1856 Eugeniusz Bonchut conducted the first pharyngotomy in a child with passing an intubation tube into the trachea lumen. The operation was performed according to theoretical assumptions by Armando Trausseau (1801–1867), whose contributions to emergency pharyngotomy methods are enormous. Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century Chevalier Jackson (1865–1958) set principles for surgical techniques in pharyngotomy that still remain in force. The return to Sanctorius’s method and also adaptation of Selinger’s method (1953) of cannulation of blood vessels turned out to be fundamental for the further development of transdermal pharyngotomy. The first set for multistage, dilatation pharyngotomy was provided by P. Ciaglia et al. in 1985. A one-stage pharyngotomy by special forceps was described by W. M. Griggs et al. in 1990. A technique of transdermal pharyngotomy from inside the trachea was presented in 1995 by A. Fantoni with his group. Modern methods of transdermal pharyngotomy are good complementary techniques for classical methods of pharyngotomy in both emergency and chronic cases.
EN
Tracheal intubation is presently one of the basic medical procedures. It is connected with many different complications. One of them is tracheal stenosis, which occurs in 6–21 percent of patients after intubation of the trachea. In contrast to this high frequency of tracheal stenosis we didn’t find any publications about complete atrophy of a big part of trachea after prolongated intubation and we describe a first case of such complication. The reasons and the possibilities of treatment in such situation are discussed.
PL
Tracheal intubation is presently one of the basic medical procedures. It is connected with many different complications. One of them is tracheal stenosis, which occurs in 6–21 percent of patients after intubation of the trachea. In contrast to this high frequency of tracheal stenosis we didn’t find any publications about complete atrophy of a big part of trachea after prolongated intubation and we describe a first case of such complication. The reasons and the possibilities of treatment in such situation are discussed.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Pandemia wywołana przez wirusa powodującego ostrą chorobę dróg oddechowych 2 (SARS-CoV-2) w 2020 roku jest jednym z największych wyzwań, z jakimi musi zmierzyć się opieka zdrowotna na całym świecie w ciągu kolejnych kilkudziesięciu lat. Każdego dnia lekarze podejmują próbę dostosowania codziennych procedur, tak aby zapewnić bezpieczeństwo na najwyższym poziomie zarówno sobie, jak i pacjentom. Z uwagi na to, że choroba ta prowadzi do zespołu ostrej niewydolności oddechowej (ARDS), wielu chorych wymaga przedłużonej intubacji. Aby uniknąć licznych powikłań, część chorych na ostrą chorobę dróg oddechowych wywołaną przez wirusa SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) wymaga bądź będzie wymagało wykonania tracheotomii w warunkach bloku operacyjnego. Podczas tracheotomii wytwarza się aerozol stwarzający bardzo duże ryzyko zakażenia personelu medycznego oraz skażenia bloku operacyjnego. Cel: W pracy przedstawiamy zbiór wskazówek mających na celu jak najbezpieczniejsze przeprowadzenie tracheotomii. Skupiamy się na aspektach, takich jak: wykonywanie testów wykrywających RNA wirusa przed zabiegiem, odpowiednie przygotowanie sali operacyjnej, dokładne przeszkolenie personelu biorącego udział w każdym etapie zabiegu, transport pacjenta oraz procedura tracheotomii. Przedstawiamy punkty krytyczne podczas wykonywania każdej z tych czynności i staramy się wyjaśnić, jakie kroki należy powziąć, aby zminimalizować ryzyko transmisji wirusa.
PL
W dniach 5–8 września 2018 r. w Katowicach odbył się XLVIII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Otorynolaryngologów – Chirurgów Głowy i Szyi. Zjazd został zorganizowany przez Katedrę i Klinikę Laryngologii Wydziału Lekarskiego Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Otorynolaryngologów – Chirurgów Głowy i Szyi. Klinika Laryngologii w Katowicach na przestrzeni 67 Iat swojego istnienia dwukrotnie organizowała już krajowy Zjazd PTORL: w roku 1968 Klinika zorganizowała XXVII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Otolaryngologów, a kolejny krajowy XXXVIII Zjazd PTORL odbył się w Katowicach dokładnie 30 lat później ‒ w 1998 r. W bieżącym roku, po kolejnych 20 latach, ponownie nasza Klinika zorganizowała krajowy Zjazd PTORL. Na ten zjazd zarejestrowało się 894 uczestników, zgłoszono 335 referatów i 74 plakaty.
PL
Wprowadzenie: Rozsiana idiopatyczna hiperostoza szkieletu (ang. diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis; DISH), zwana również „chorobą Forestiera”, jest chorobą niezapalną, charakteryzującą się kostnieniem przedniobocznej powierzchni trzonów kręgów, najczęściej w piersiowym odcinku kręgosłupa. W większości przypadków nie jest ona asymptomatyczna, jednakże osteofity umiejscowione w szyjnym odcinku kręgosłupa mogą powodować objawy otolaryngologiczne, takie jak: dysfagia, chrypka czy duszność. Opis przypadku: Ze względu ma to, że u starszych chorych z objawami ze strony górnych dróg oddechowych w diagnostyce różnicowej należy brać pod uwagę również DISH, prezentujemy przypadek 82-letniego mężczyzny z nasiloną dusznością krtaniową, u którego zdiagnozowano obecność osteofitów trzonów kręgów C4–C7. Opisywany pacjent został poddany leczeniu zachowawczemu, a następnie, ze względu na brak zadowalającego efektu terapeutycznego, zabiegowi neurochirurgicznemu, po którym dolegliwości ustąpiły.
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