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1

Sport sparring concept in taekwon-do - The Christmas tree diagram

100%

Wąsik J., Pieter W.

Physical Activity Review

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2013

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vol. 1

32-37

EN

Combat is a complicated and complex phenomenon. In this process we take actions of different degree of effectiveness. Assessment of these behaviours and understanding the underlying mechanisms are the basis for a sport program created to increase the fighter’s competitive level. Competent trainers know that there are five elements that influence a result of a sport fight: being familiar with the rules of the sport fight, strategy, stance, dodging and blocking and applying techniques while you are in motion. Many inquisitive trainers wonder: why a competitor with a great technique, could not apply it during a tournament? Why a competitor who usually does excellent during exercises cannot repeat the same things during the competition? Why the competitor’s results change (during one tournament victories are achieved and medals are granted while on other occasions he or she loses even to a weaker opponent) ? Supreme trainer is usually a good teacher and observer. Coach pays attention to learners’ mistakes, and tries to correct them. The concept of free sparing enables to break down the process of scoring points. When analyzing a fight it helps to notice, which of the preparation components are insufficient and what else needs to be improved. This is a great tool for a competent trainer, which helps to understand the real, often hidden cause of failure. Appropriate preparation for the fight has many interrelated aspects. But understanding the core of the problem is a first step to find a recipe for victory. We need to remember that record achievements and spectacular victories result from hard and wise work of the trainer and the competitor.

2

Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick

100%

Wąsik J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

13-20

EN

The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the influence of selected kinematic factors on the side kick technique. This issue is especially important in the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single strike may reveal the winner. Six taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes were asked to participate in this case study. Generally accepted criteria of sports technique biomechanical analysis were adhered to. The athletes executed a side kick three times (in Taekwon-do terminology referred to as yop chagi) in a way which they use the kick in board breaking. The obtained data were used to determine the mean velocity changes in the function of relative extension length of the kicking leg. The maximum knee and foot velocities in the Cartesian coordinate system were determined. The leg lifting time and the duration of kick execution as well as the maximum force which the standing foot exerted on the ground were also determined. On the basis of the obtained values, mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The correlation dependence (r=0.72) shows that greater knee velocity affects the velocity which the foot develops as well as the fact that the total time of kick execution depends on the velocity which the knee (r = -0.59) and the foot (r = -0.86) develop in the leg lifting phase. The average maximum speed was obtained at the length of the leg equal to 82% of the maximum length of the fully extended leg. This length can be considered the optimum value for achieving the maximum dynamics of the kick.

3

The influence of effective distance on the impact of a punch – Preliminary Analysis

100%

Wąsik J., Ortenburger D., Góra T., Mosler D.

Physical Activity Review

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2018

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vol. 6

81-86

EN

Introduction: Distance between competitors in fighting sports and their target have an influence on kinematics of motion and as an consequence, its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study is to extent the knowledge about influence of effective distance affects velocity of an object after hit. Material and Methods: Analysis were performed based on captured data of a male competitor with black belt in taekwondo (age: 20 yrs., body mass: 65kg, height: 171 cm). During data capturing, he performed sport punch strike 3 times with his left upper limb, and 3 times with the right one. The target was a ping pong ball. Data capturing was performed in HML (Human Motion Lab). Results: Velocities of sport punch strike were in range from 6.20 -8.01 m/s. Significant increase in passed momentum to the object were in -between 1.12 -1.73 % of effective distance. However, when effective distance were in -between 3.70 -3.95%, there were significant decrease (nearly half) in velocity of hit object. Conclusions: Our findings allows to formulate assumptions for further analysis, which states, tha t when maximum velocity of a punch occurs closer to the moment of hitting a target ( ∆ d), the higher it will be in a moment of that hit (r=0.95; p<0.01). Therefore, it allows to assume, that the lower will be a value of ∆ d, the higher will be destructive f orce for target ( ∆ E)

4

Kinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do

88%

Wąsik J.

Physical Activity Review

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2015

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vol. 3

37-43

EN

Description and analysis of a sports technique in terms of its compliance with the principles of biomechanics and with regard to the efficiency of a given technique form the basis for the technical aspect of a training process, which is supposed to result in enhancement of athletes’ sports performance level. The study was based on 6 ITF Taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes (age 16.5±0.7 years; weight 64.1±7.0 kg; height 176.5±4.6 cm). The study relied on an Italian system called Smart-D, manufactured by BTS S.p.A., used for complex movement analyses. The system comprised six cameras reflecting infrared rays, which in real time located the markers fixed to the athlete’s body. In the present study the maximum velocity of the sonkal yop tearigi strike reached 13.00 ± 2.35 m/s. The velocity of the traditional fist strike seems to be lower. In this study the average maximum velocity was reached at the length of the arm being equal 92 % of the maximum length value. This length can be taken as the optimum value in this particular technique in order to achieve the maximum dynamics of the strike.

5

Impact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo – pilot study

75%

Wąsik J., Góra T.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

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vol. 4

57-61

EN

Velocity and accuracy of strike are important factors that help in achieving victory. The question is if the target selection can have an impact on the strike kinematics. The topic is especially important in the case of the traditional taekwon-do, in which a single kick might decide who the winner is. The aim of the paper is knowledge about the influence of the target on the kinematic factors of the front kick technique. In this study, a Polish Taekwon-do Championship runner-up was examined. The taekwon-do athlete (age: 28 years; body mass: 68 kg; height: 172 cm) is holding a 2nd degree, Motion analysis and data processing was prepared in HML (Human Motion Lab) using 10 NIR Vicon MX-T40 cameras with the acquisition speed of 100 to 2000 frames per second at full frame resolution of 4 megapixels. During the research various measurements were collected to perform dimensional analysis of foot and knee movement, describing their velocity changes as a function of time. The following strike speeds were recorded. No physical target: dominant leg foot 12.25 ± 0.18 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 13,92 ± 0,87 m/s. Small ball target/Punching ball: dominant leg foot 10,27 ± 0,29 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 10,03 ± 0,15 m/s. Kicking Shield/Shield: dominant leg foot 11,17 ± 0,34 m/s, non-dominant leg foot 10,06 ± 0,46 m/s. The quickest strike was registered when the athlete had no physical target in front of him. No focus on the target caused the fastest results. The shield target provoked a stronger and slower strike, as the speed has been slightly slower than in the non-target situation. The velocity of the foot was reduced the most when the most precision was needed. Aiming into a little ball caused the biggest speed to decrease the most. The main conclusion is that the more precision is needed, the more speed decrease will be observed

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Sport sparring concept in taekwon-do - The Christmas tree diagram

Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick

The influence of effective distance on the impact of a punch – Preliminary Analysis

Kinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do

Impact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo – pilot study