Salivary gland neoplasms represent about 3% of head and neck tumors. The area most affected by tumors is parotid salivary gland (standing for about 80% of all cases). The most common type of the neoplasm is pleomorphic adenoma (which accounts for 80-90% of all diagnoses). One of the rare diagnoses in this region comprises synovial sarcoma, as it mainly occurs in lower extremities. In head and neck region it accounts for about 3% of all diagnoses. About 20 cases have been described in this region, so far. The etiology of the disease remains unknown, but there are reports linking synovial sarcoma with the rearrangement in the gene responsible for chromosomal transcription t(X;18) (p11,q11).
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the larynx. However, there are other rare malignancies that are reported by worldwide literature, such as neuroendocrine tumors, mesenchymal sarcomas, malignant salivary tumors, adenocarcinomas, lymphoepitheliomas, plasmocytomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The authors present several cases of rare laryngeal neoplasms with a particular consideration of their origin, histopathological characteristics and methods of treatment. They emphasize the necessity of careful diagnosis in case of laryngeal tumors with respect to patomorphological examination.
Introduction: According to the National Cancer Registry, head and neck cancers account for 5.5 to 6.2% of all malignancies, which translates into about 5,500 to 6,000 new cases per year. Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of cancers, which results from the complex embryogenesis of salivary glands; they are divided into benign and malignant tumors. Common benign tumors include mixed tumors and Warthin tumors. Carcinosarcoma is called a true malignant mixed tumor because the tumor process involves both epithelial and mesenchymal elements. We reported the case of true malignant mixed tumor comprising three components: adenocarcinoma, synovial sarcoma (80%) and osteosarcoma (20%). This tumor develops rapidly and has an adverse course with a tendency to form metastases. Case report: The work presents a case report of a 65-year-old patient who reported to the Department of Otolaryngology, ENT Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics at the WAM Hospital due to a tumor of the right parotid gland. The patient was concerned with the rapid growth of the tumor that occurred within 2 months prior to hospitalization, causing deformation of facial features. ENT examination revealed a polycyclic tumor with limited mobility and asymmetry of the corners of the mouth (lowering on the right side). FNA diagnosed typical cancer cells suggesting malignant growth. The patient was qualified for surgical treatment. Under general anesthesia, the right parotid gland tumor with superficial lobe of the salivary gland and region II cervical lymphadenectomy on this side were removed. The postoperative course was normal. Postoperative histopathological examination described high -rade malignant parotid carcinoma, pT3Nx. The patient was referred to an oncology center to undergo radiotherapy.
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