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USE OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR TESTING MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF BODY TISSUE COMPOSITION OF SWIMMERS

100%
Pietraszewska J., Jakubowski W.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2013
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vol. 3
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issue 3
33-41
EN
Specific characteristics of sport disciplines require their performers to meet certain demands, also those related to body build. A success is conditioned, among other things, by the morphological structure of competitors. For this cause, their somatic features should be taken into consideration in the selection process. The aim of this research was to describe the level of morphological development and body proportions of swimmers in comparison to their non-practicing peers. What is more, different methods were used to evaluate body tissue composition. The research was based on the measurements of 33 swimmers and 36 non-practicing sport males as a control group, with the average training period of 9 years. The subjects ranged from 18 to 23 years of age. The anthropometric features were examined. Two methods, anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, were used to estimate the amount of body fat. Athletes performing swimming are characterized by the significant body height, long trunk, wide range of arms and highly developed shoulder girdle. Directed and systematic training has an influence on a great development of the upper part of the trunk and a slight decrease in body fat. The observed differences indicate that depth, circumference and mobility of the chest developed in swimming have a positive influence on the respiratory system. Poor differences observed in the amount of fat in the athletes and non-practicing subjects may result from the fact that the body accumulates fat tissue, used as a good thermal insulation.
2
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Physique and Fitness of Swimmers from West Bengal

88%
Mandal (Majee) A., Sarkar N.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2018
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vol. 24
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issue 4
77-90
EN
The purpose of the present study is to assess the physique and fitness status of young school and college age swimmers from West Bengal. This cross sectional study was carried out on 46 male and 9 female swimmers of 9-20 years of age. The study parameters include body height, body weight, BMI, different anthropometric parameters, skinfold thickness and aerobic power, strength, flexibility, blood pressure and pulmonary function. Besides, history of training was taken by questionnaire. In the present study male and female adolescent swimmers have significantly higher body fat than their non-swimmer counterparts. Besides, respiratory capacity, max. oxygen consumption and flexibility parameters are significantly higher in male and female swimmers than in control group boys and girls. Besides, highly significant correlation has been found between sitting height, arm span and hand span of swimmer with swimming speed, years of training(swimming) and percentage of body fat. Again, pulmonary function, strength and max. oxygen consumption parameters are significantly correlated with years of training and speed of training. Therefore, simple regression equations are constructed to predict strength, respiratory and cardio-vascular parameters of adolescent swimmers on the basis of years of swimming and speed of swimming. When different style of swimming is considered it has been observed that highest Vo2 max value has been found in free style and butterfly swimmers followed by breast stroke and then back stroke swimmers. Swimmers of the present study when compared to international standard, they are shorter and lower in body fat content values and some physiological parameters like Vo2 max, flexibility and hand grip strength than international standard values. From this study it can be concluded that as there is no available information regarding strength, cardiovascular and respiratory status of adolescent girls and boys swimmers of West Bengal, this study can be said to be a pilot study on the basis of which further elaborate investigation requires to be initiated. Thus these baseline information of physique and physiological parameters of adolescent swimmers will provide local database for coaches and sports physiologists to develop proper training schedule and for identification of talent in the early ages.
3
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The Strength of Lower Limbs in Elite Gymnasts and Swimmers

88%
Wiażewicz A., Wiśniowski W., Sacewicz T., Czajka M.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 1
77-88
EN
Critical moments during gymnastic exercises are those related to landing and suppressing overloads, transmitted through lower limbs. A swimmer’s lower limbs provide a good body position in the water and maintain the balance. Both in sports authors postulate reaching bilateral, steady development of the athlete’s body. The main aim was identification and a comparative analysis of the hip, knee and ankle joints flexors and extensors strength, of highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers. Ten healthy subjects participated in the investigation. Five gymnasts (22.2 ±7.3 y.o., 169.4 ±3.91 cm, 64.4 ±3.78 kg) and five swimmers (20.5 ±1.3 y.o., 186.2 ±1.64 cm, 78.4 ±2.61 kg) were highly qualified Polish athletes. Strength measurements were made on Biodex S4 isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects performed hip extension/flexion in lying position, knee extension/flexion and ankle plantar/dorsi flexion. Strength parameters of the lower limbs differentiate gymnasts and swimmers. Lower limb’s strength parameters can be used during training, control, selection or prevention. To achieve a high sport level, swimmers must demonstrate higher strength parameters of lower limbs than gymnasts. The value of work in the maximum repetition (MRW) should be thoroughly analyzed. Highly qualified gymnasts and swimmers should take into account the harmonious, bilateral strength development of the lower limbs.
4
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The level of swimming ability of students at FCHPT STU for the last 30 years

88%
Ondrušová L., Koláriková A.
Physical Activity Review
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2016
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vol. 4
178-183
EN
Introduction: Purpose of swimming lessons is to teach non swimmers how to swimm and remove their fear from water, with swimmers we are improvin g individual swimming st yles. The aim of the study is to monitor the level of the swimming abilities at FCHPT and compare it with the swimming standards. Methods. The experimental sample consisted of 1160 respondents (494 boys and 666 girls) from the Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak Univerzity of Technology in Bratislava. . Measurement was carried out in the 25 meter indoorpools in Bratislava. We have tested the swimming ability by 100 meters free style. This kind of test is normally used in educational practice. The choice of swimming style is not critical in terms of the achieved time as in competitive swimming, because many times students have achieved better times when they were swimming breaststroke than free style with many technical mistakes. Men and women of co mpetence we compared with standards from the year 2000. The results : Based on our results, we found that the number of non - swimmers decreased compare to the year 1985. Since 1995 it is basically at the same level. In 1995 it was around 27%, in recent years , the number of non - swimmers have already dropped to a level of around 10%. In 1985 females non swimmers were almost 38%, in the following years the value stabilized between 15 - 20%. When comparing the changes in the level of competence in a range of 30 yea rs we basically have not found out any abnormalities besides years 1995 - 1996. In all years the average measured time has been almost at the same level. Comparing to standards, men on level 136.7 s, women on level 172,4, (Macejková, 2008), our students swam around these levels. Only years 1995 - 1996 differs significantly because our students swam better than listed standards.. Summary: Since 1979, it is the duty of the school to provide a swimming course for its students. We assume that the main cause of the high number of non - swimmers in 1985 was that university students did not have the opportunity to learn how to swim when they were younger. In 1995 on the other hand started to study at the university students who had already completed this training and it is reflected in the number of non - swimmers. Nowadays, these swimming courses depend on the financial situation of schools and parents, because they support it. As these days swimming is not a mandatory course at primary and secondary schools, we are try ing to remove illiteracy by including swimming as a compulsory subject in the first year at our faculty.
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