Telomerase, undetectable in normal somatic cells, plays a critical role in carcinogenesis of the majority of human tumors including lung carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in order to estimate its usefulness as diagnostic and/or prognostic factor. hTERT expression was analyzed in a group of 12 females and 28 males with NSCLC using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (QRT-PCR method) in cancerous and non-cancerous lung tissues. Results were analyzed according to clinical data and one-, two-, and five-year survival rates. hTERT expression in the cancerous tissue was significantly higher than in the lung parenchyma free from neoplasm infiltration (p<0.05). There was no significant association between hTERT expression in the tumor tissue and age, gender, grading or clinical stage. A significant difference in hTERT expression between two types of histopathological patterns (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) was detected (p=0.01). No association between hTERT expression in NSCLC specimens and survival rates was found. hTERT mRNA detection by QRT-PCR in tumor and corresponding cancer-free tissues can be used as a diagnostic marker in patients with NSCLC, but seems not to be a prognostic factor.
The natural occurrence of the shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) and seagrass (Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf.) is found in the area of Indian Ocean, Indonesia, for central Pacific. Vibriosis can cause death in larvae, juvenile and adult shrimp almost close to 100%. Antibacterial substances from secondary metabolites are produced by plants and animals to reduce the use of synthetic antibiotics. The purpose of this research was to determine the ability of secondary metabolites contained in the bacterial extract of the association of sea grass Cymodocea rotundata (isolate code BA.1) to treat vibriosis in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Integrated Biotechnology and Laboratory of Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Universitas Padjadajaran, and at the Brackish and Southern Ocean Aquaculture Development Center Pangandaran, from June to September 2018. The research method used was experimental, with completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments with three replications including; control treatment (concentration of 0 mg·L–1), 150 mg.L–1, 300 mg·L–1, 450 mg·L–1 and 600 mg·L–1. Observations made include clinical symptoms (morphology, behavior) and survival rate. Clinical symptoms of infected tiger shrimp during the in vivo test were red spots on the abdomen and necrosis of some leg and tail segments. The behavior of tiger shrimp mostly shows less responsive movements to fish-feed on the first day, and showing responsive and active behavior on the fifth day. In vivo test results for 14 days showed that the highest survival rate of 51.67% was in case of the addition of antibacterial extracts of BA.1 with a concentration of 300 mg·L–1.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotic addition in commercial feed to the growth and survival rate of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus). This research was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Pond Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java. The method in used this research was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications. The treatment was the variances of probiotic addition which consisted of control (without probiotics), probiotic addition at as much as 0.5 grams / kg of feed, 1 gram / kg of feed and 1.5 grams / kg of feed. The parameters observed were specific growth rate (SGR), absolute biomass, survival rate (SR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Data were analyzed using Variant Analysis, at 95% confidence level, and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the increase in the daily growth rate of Sangkuriang catfish was straight-line with the addition of probiotics. Furthermore, commercial probiotics with a dose of 1 gram / kg of feed resulted in specific growth rate of 4.22%, absolute weight of 11 grams, survival rate (SR) of 97.5% and FCR of 0.89.
The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of liquid commercial probiotics usage on improving the survival rate and growth of Siamese catfish fingerlings. This research was conducted on March to May 2018, at Building 4 Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study used an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of four treatments and three replications. The treatments are feed without the addition of probiotics, and feed with additional probiotics at doses of 2, 4, and 6 ml / kg of feed. The parameters observed were survival rate, absolute weight, absolute length, feed conversion ratio, proximate test analysis and water quality. Data on absolute weight, absolute length, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were analyzed using analysis of variance, while nutrition changes of fish feed and water quality were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the best addition of probiotics for feed, is with probiotic doses of 2 ml / kg of feed, which resulted in a 100% survival rate, an absolute weight value of 1.03% and a feed conversion ratio of 1.13.
This study aims to see the condition of hematocrit levels and differential leukosit after immersion in LAB isolated and after in vivo, using Aeromonas hydrophila bacterium. LAB isolated were obtained from the organs of the common carp intestine. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatment used was immersion of test fish for 24 hours in several isolates of LAB with a density of 108, namely A: without LAB isolate (control), B: isolate CcB7, C: isolate CcB8, D: isolate CcB15. Immersion was done three times, with a frequency of seven days. Parameters observed included hematocrit levels, leukocyte differentiation and survival rate. The results showed that immersion in LAB isolate CcB15 will enhance the differential leukocytes and hematocrit levels that serve as indicators of carp body resistance, which is shown by high levels of white and red blood cells.
Neuroepidemiology is a discipline assessing the impact of environmental and genetic factors on the incidence and development of diseases of the nervous system and describes their prevalence and distribution. The basic epidemiological parameters in multiple sclerosis (MS) are the indices of prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality, disease duration and mean age at onset. First epidemiological studies concerning MS date back to the twenties the XX century. Prevalence indices worldwide vary from 15 to 180 per 100 000 persons; in northern Europe the mean index is 83 per 100 000 and in Poland – 45- 92 per 100 000. Incidence indices vary depending on geographic location: in Europe it varies from 3.5 to 5.5 per 100 000, while in Poland they vary from 2.4 (Szczecin) to 4.3 (Gniezno). Based on these data it may be assumed that 1300- 2100 new cases are being diagnosed in Poland each year. In females, the prevalence of MS is about two- fold higher than in males. Mean age of onset in the Lublin region is 30.1 years and in the Szczecin region – 36.49 years in males and 34.16 years in females. It is estimated that 10- years’ survival rate (from the time of diagnosis) is 90- 95%, 20- years’ survival rate – 70- 75%, 30- years’ survival rate – 50- 65% and 40- years’ survival rate – 35- 55%. Mean life duration in males and in females was similar and in 1998 amounted to 52.3 and 51.8 years, respectively. Patients with late- onset MS usually survive shorter. In 58% of the patients, the disease takes a relapsing- remitting form, in 27% – secondary progressive, in 9% – primary progressive and in 6% – progressive‑relapsing. A more severe course may be expected in late- onset cases, in those with high index of relapses in the initial years of the disease and in those with pronounced demyelinating lesions in MRI scans. On the average, disability increases by 0.3- 0.5 EDSS grade per year.
PL
Neuroepidemiologia ocenia wpływ czynników ekologicznych i genetycznych na rozwój schorzeń układu nerwowego oraz opisuje ich częstość występowania i rozmieszczenie. Podstawowymi parametrami epidemiologicznymi dla stwardnienia rozsianego (łac. sclerosis multiplex, SM) są wskaźniki chorobowości, zachorowalności, śmiertelności, umieralności, czas trwania choroby i średni wiek zachorowania. Pierwsze badania epidemiologiczne dotyczące SM pochodzą z lat 20. XX wieku. Na świecie wskaźniki chorobowości wahają się od 15 do 180/100 000 osób; w północnej Europie uśredniony wskaźnik wyniósł 83/100 000, a w Polsce od 45 do 92/100 000. Wskaźniki zachorowalności różnią się w zależności od rozmieszczenia geograficznego – w Europie wynoszą od 3,5 do 5,5/100 000, w Polsce wahają się od 2,4 (Szczecin) do 4,3 (Gniezno). Na tej podstawie można sądzić, że odnotowuje się w naszym kraju rocznie od 1300 do 2100 nowych chorych. Zachorowania na SM wśród kobiet są mniej więcej 2 razy częstsze. Średni wiek zachorowania w Polsce w Lublinie wyniósł 30,1 roku, w Szczecińskiem dla mężczyzn 36,49, a dla kobiet 34,16 roku. Szacuje się, że 10 lat od rozpoznania SM przeżywa 90- 95% chorych, 20 lat – 70- 75%, 30 lat – 50- 65%, a 40 lat – około 35- 55% chorych. Średnie długości życia u mężczyzn i kobiet w Polsce były zbliżone i wyniosły w 1998 roku odpowiednio 52,3 i 51,8 roku. U osób z późniejszym początkiem SM czas przeżycia jest zazwyczaj krótszy. U 58% pacjentów choroba ma postać rzutowo- remisyjną, u 27% – wtórnie postępującą, u 9% – pierwotnie postępującą, a u 6% – postępująco-nawracającą. Gorszy przebieg SM występuje u chorych z późniejszym początkiem, a także u pacjentów z wysokim wskaźnikiem rzutów w pierwszych latach choroby i nasilonymi zmianami demielinizacyjnymi w badaniu NMR. Średnio niepełnosprawność wzrasta o 0,3- 0,5 stopnia EDSS na rok.
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