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1
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Thermodynamic Properties of Cu-S Solutions

100%
Kucharski M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
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vol. 63
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issue 4
2
Content available remote

Studies of the soluble part of oxidised coals

88%
Pietrzak R., Kozłowski M., Wachowska H., Yperman J.
Open Chemistry
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2004
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vol. 2
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issue 2
278-289
EN
Soluble products obtained from the oxidation of four types of coal, each characterised by different degree of coalification and different degree of sulphur content, are studied. The coals are oxidised with peracetic acid (PAA) and nitric acid. Analyses are performed by Atmospheric Pressure-Temperature Programmed Reduction (AP-TPR) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The soluble products contain much more sulphur than the insoluble products of oxidation. The products obtained from the reaction with HNO3 contain higher amounts of inorganic sulphur compounds, while those obtained from the reaction with PAA are characterised by an increased content of organic sulphur species.
3
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Composition of extraction products from alkylated high-sulphur coals

88%
Kozłowski M., Wachowska H., Yperman J.
Open Chemistry
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2003
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vol. 1
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issue 4
366-386
EN
Products of reductive and non-reductive methylation of two high-sulphur coals (Mequinenza and Illinois No. 6) have been extracted by dichloromethane. It has been established that the efficiency of the transformation of coal to the products soluble in CH2Cl2 is higher for coals subjected to non-reductive methylation by the Liotta method than for those after reduction in the potassium/liquid ammonia system. The extracts and the extraction residues were subjected to elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and AP-TPR (Atmospheric Pressure-Temperature Programmed Reduction) measurements. It has been shown that the main species undergoing extraction by CH2Cl2 are aliphatic compounds or aromatic structures of low degree of condensation. The effect of the extraction on the sulphur groups in coal has been discussed.
4
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Manufacture of Low Sulphur Pig Iron from Copper Slag

75%
Erdenebold U., Sung C. M., Wang J.-P., Erdenebold U., Sung C. M., Wang J.-P.
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vol. 65
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issue 1
5
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Water Effect on Oxidative Desulphurization Process of Straight-Run Kerosene Fraction / Wpływ Wody Na Utleniający Proces Odsiarczania Frakcji Nafty

63%
Pyshyev S., Bratychak M., Hayvanovych V., Paniv P., Wacławek W.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 1
55-68
EN
Sulphur dioxide obtained during fuels burning in combustion engines is one of the main pollutants. In diesel oils and gasolines the sulphur content must be 5-10 ppm and in jet fuels - 300-3000 ppm. However the production of hydrofined jet fuel is problematic. The reason is deterioration of fuel stability and antioxygenic properties. The oxidative desulphurization of straight-run kerosene was investigated. This method combines oxidation by atmospheric oxygen of sulphur compounds under increased temperature and pressure in the presence of water in the reaction medium, and removal of oxidized sulphur compounds from the oxidation-treated fuel via rectification. It was showed that water partially extracts from the hydrocarbon medium acidic compounds, formed in the beginning stage of oxidation, dissociation of which leads to the formation in water acidic medium. As a result, a pathway of the hydroperoxides decomposition partially changes from the formation of carbonic acids and oxyacids to the formation of alcohols, phenols and alkylphenols, which displayed an inhibitory effect in hydrocarbon oxidation. It was assumed that an inhibitory effect of water, in addition to the creation reverse micelles with peroxides and complexes with free radicals, caused by oxidation products created in the beginning stage of oxidation. The effect of water/kerosene ratio on the oxidative desulphurization of straight-run kerosene fraction has been examined. It was found that water improves process selectivity with insignificant influence on the degree of sulphur recovery. The optimum value of water/kerosene ratio for the fuel containing 0.15% mass of sulphuric compounds has been determined.
PL
Ditlenek siarki powstający podczas spalania paliw w silnikach spalinowych jest jednym z głównych zanieczyszczeń. W olejach napędowych i benzynie zawartość siarki powinna mieścić się w granicach 5-10 ppm, a w paliwach do silników odrzutowych - 300-3000 ppm. Jednak wykorzystanie paliwa lotniczego modyfikowanego metodą hydrorafinacji jest problematyczne ze względu na pogorszenie stabilności i właściwości utleniających takich paliw. Badano odsiarczanie frakcji naftowej metodą utleniania. Metoda ta łączy utlenianie tlenem atmosferycznym związków siarki przy podwyższonej temperaturze i ciśnieniu, w obecności wody w środowisku reakcji, oraz usunięcie utlenionych związków siarki z paliwa na drodze rektyfikacji. Wykazano, że woda częściowo wyodrębnia ze środowiska węglowodorowego kwaśne związki utworzone w początkowym etapie utleniania. Szlak rozkładu hydronadtlenków zmienia się częściowo z tworzenia kwasów karboksylowych i kwasów tlenowych na powstawanie alkoholi, fenoli i alkilofenoli, które okazały się inhibitorem utleniania węglowodorów. Założono, że hamujący wpływ wody, oprócz tworzenia miceli odwróconej z nadtlenkami i kompleksów z wolnymi rodnikami, spowodowany był produktami utleniania utworzonymi w początkowym etapie reakcji. Badano wpływ proporcji wody i frakcji naftowej na odsiarczanie oksydacyjne. Stwierdzono, że woda poprawia selektywność procesu i ma niewielki wpływ na stopień odzysku siarki. Ustalono optymalną wartość stosunku woda/frakcja naftowa dla paliwa zawierającego 0,15% masowych związków siarki.
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