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EN
The aim of the research was to study the diversity of the level of physical activity among the students according to their place of residence: a house (a detached house) or a flat (a residential block). The research was carried out in 2015 among 730 students (373 women and 357 men) of John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska (PSW). The method used in the research was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in its long version. The results have shown that there were no significant differences in the overall level of physical activity of both men and women according to their place of residence. However, significant differences have been noticed among female and male students as regards the physical activity connected to housework in favour of people living in houses. The same correlation was observed in favour of women living in flats (residential blocks).
EN
Purpose: We examine physical activity levels of Polish and Turkish students to determine cross-cultural and gender differences in exercise habits. Methods: Our study assessed 50 students from Adnan Menderes University in Aydin, Turkey and 50 students from the University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; short form). Results were expressed in MET-minutes/week (Metabolic Equivalent of Task). Results: More than half of the students (52%) engaged in moderate physical activity in the week prior to the survey, while a quarter of the students (37%) engaged in vigorous physical activity. Low levels of physical activity were reported by 11% of the students. Total physical activity per week, expressed in MET-minutes/week, was significantly higher for Polish students (5,953.51 MET) than for Turkish students (3,095.45 MET). Moderate physical activity was higher among Turkish students while vigorous physical activity was higher among Polish students. Physical activity contrasts were further exemplified between genders. Polish women engaged in significantly more (p < 0.05) total physical activity than Turkish women. Total physical activity, high-level physical activity, and moderate-level physical activity differences were not significant (p > 0.05) between Polish and Turkish men. Conclusion: Polish university students engage in more physical activity than students from Turkey. Men were more physically active in both countries. More than half of Turkish students do not meet minimum weekly physical activity the World Health Organization recommends for preserving health.
EN
Influenza is one of the most common cyclic respiratory diseases in humans. Methods of prevention are multidirectional, but the most effective and most efficacious way to prevent influenza and its complications is through preventive vaccination. This work aims to determine different factors affecting the decision concerning influenza vaccine. The percentage of people vaccinated against the flu was evaluated, as well as their knowledge of post-influenza complications, etc. among full-time students and bridging studies of nursing and physiotherapy (full-time and part-time) at the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Radom, and students of medicine and pharmacy at the Medical University of Łódź. The research tool was the authors' questionnaire with 18 questions. The surveys conducted, consisting of multiple choice questions, were anonymous. In total, the survey involved 470 students. Overall, the number of people who were vaccinated against influenza in the 2012/13 epidemic season numbered 15 respondents, representing 5.84% of the total group of respondents. For the group of nursing students it was 6%, for physiotherapy students 5%, for students of medicine and pharmacy 14%. The percentage of respondents who said they would get vaccinated if the vaccinaton was free of charge was also low. Increasing the percentage of people vaccinated against influenza (immunization coverage) is a very important measure in preventing influenza epidemics. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the reasons why people are reluctant to be vaccinated against influenza, particularly among students who will work in the future in the health care services sector.
EN
Introduction. The concept of self-upbringing is identified with self-activity, building and shaping one's character, selfimprovement and self-realization. The aim of the research was to define the degree of self-upbringing of first year physical education students taking into consideration self-reflection on their behaviour. Material and methods. The method applied in the research was the diagnostic survey and the accompanying research technique was a questionnaire called ‘The questionnaire of self-upbringing activity’ designed by Tatarowicz. The survey was conducted in Academic Year 2008/2009 among 667 respondents in the eight state and non-state Polish universities. Results. The results show that students (57%) tend to do self-reflection. The major reasons for this were failures in life and behaviour against prevailing norms. The majority of questioned (72.0%) showed a high degree of complacency that was due to self-acceptance and the state of feeling good in the accepted community. The participants who declared a lower degree of complacency claimed that it was due to different kinds of failures, a sense of having many faults and the awareness of making mistakes. On the hole, the participants did not feel different or distinct in regard to other people - more than 70.0%. Those that have such a feeling claim that the differences concern mainly the look and the way of behaving. Conclusions. An important role in searching the specific ways of coping with negative sides of life plays constant education and the state of self-upbringing which influences the awareness and the development of an individual.
EN
The creation of conditions within the teaching and educational system of higher education institutions that shape up rational, pro-health free-time behaviours is one of the key goals of the studies discussed in this paper. The starting point for every planned educational process is to investigate the present state of affairs, i.e. to perform a diagnosis. This paper presents the diagnosis results which indicate, based on the empirical research findings, the forms of leisure activities most often pursued and the motivations behind them. The method we used in our research was a diagnosis survey which covered 1,119 students.The dominant leisure-time activities preferred by the students we surveyed were watching TV and meeting friends. The third most popular student leisure activity was in the case of men spending time in front of a computer and in the case of the women walking. Nearly half of the female students and a little more than half of the male students practise their recreational activities outside the official school physical education classes. The men practise a little more often than the women. Football, cycling and swimming are the most popular sports among the men. The women prefer bicycle riding, gymnastic exercises, aerobics and volleyball. Both the male and female students gave as their first two most important motives for recreational physical activities their health and fitness aspects. The third motive varies, depending on sex. The female students appreciate rest and relaxation which they achieve through recreational physical activities. The men highlight the value of being in touch with nature. Although the students from the surveyed group say they do not engage in physical activity in their free time in any planned way, nearly 50% of them do so on a regular basis.
EN
Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Physical Education (PE) studies at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (FPE&S) of the University of Physical Education (UPE) in Warsaw. Material and methods. The study was carried out among the students and graduates of two unified education cycles by means of the documents analysis and the diagnostic poll method with the use of a posted questionnaire. The analysis encompassed the level of preparation for undertaking the studies, academic merits, sport achievements, other experience gained by the examined in the course of the studies and the "output effect" in the form of gained competences. Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the PE studies were undertaken mostly by physically well-prepared graduates of secondary schools whose level of theoretical knowledge was quite low. In the course of the studies, the examined scored average academic merits. The studies constituted for them an opportunity to gain new competences, mainly in the field of physical education. Sporadically, students' activities were directed at educational, organisational and social spheres. Conclusions. In the light of the obtained results, amendments in the national curriculum and changes in physical education teaching methodology seem crucial. Apart from gaining competences pertaining to a particular graduate's profile, development of creative skills, and shaping the proper attitude and behaviour seem vital.
EN
Background: During the last several years, diametrical difference in attitude to physical activity in youth has been noticed. Engagement in any form of physical activity always goes together with motivation for its undertaking, most often connected with realization of personal expectations. Its sources are perceived, among others, in interior factors, such as: joy resulting from participation in physical activity itself, personal achievements, and pleasure of finding release in movement or social contacts, e.g. spending time with friends. The present paper attempts to assess the motivation for additional physical activity undertaken by first-year students of the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in 2000 and 2010 in their free time. Material/Methods: The research involved first-year students studying at the Faculty of Physical Education at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in the years 2000 and 2010. Generally, 639 students (42% women and 58% men) were examined. The research was conducted by means of a diagnostic poll with the use of authors’ own questionnaire. Results: The students from 2000 differed in a statistically significant way in taking care of their health, looks and figure and they were enjoying physical activity more. Important statistical differences were noted in undertaking physical activity in order to socialize in the following time points of the research. Both groups of students from 2000 and 2010, quoted a lack of financial means as the main reason limiting their physical activity. Conclusions: The research indicates the difference in motivation for physical activity between firstyear students in 2000 and 2010.
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the relationship between muscle torques in the knee joint area and components of tissue composition by means of the bioelectrical impedance method. Basic procedures. 31 male subjects, aged 22-23, participated in the study. Basic morphological parameters, namely: body height (BH), body mass (BM) and somatotype were measured by the usage of Sheldon method modified by Heath and Carter. The body composition was examined using an BIA 101S apparatus by Akern. Torques of the knee joint extensors and flexors of both limbs were measured for joint angles 75° and 30°, respectively. In the statistical report cluster analysis was applied (k-means). Step regression was applied in order to evaluate the relationship between muscle torques and tissue components. Main findings. A significant correlation (r = 0.42 for p ≤ 0.01) between the torques of the knee joint extensors and the entire content of lean body, its metabolically active components (BCM) and muscle mass was observed. Also, a high value of correlation coefficient between extensors and fat mass was noticed. Significant correlations between flexor torque and muscle mass, cell mass and lean body were observed. Conclusions. The results obtained enable us to conclude that the values of muscle torques are significantly connected with the level of development of the tissue components, thus its estimation may be based on the measurement of body components.
EN
Background: A squat is one of the exercises commonly applied in sport, in school physical education classes, among amateurs practising recreational sport as well as in rehabilitation of children and elderly people. The role of the preventive effect of the correctly performed squat on the musculo-skeletal system is particularly highlighted, while threats posed by an incorrect performance of the exercise are simultaneously indicated.The aim of the work was to define the knowledge of students concerning the methodology of teaching the correct squat and to present methodological fundamentals in this field.Material/Methods: The research involved 412 students of physical education and of a special course for personal trainers. The diagnostic poll method with the use of two techniques, i.e. a questionnaire and knowledge test, was applied. The collected data were analysed statistically with the use of the Excel packet.Results: Over a half of the students examined in the test admit that they do not know what the correct squat looks like. The subjects also indicate the lack of knowledge concerning the methodology of teaching it. Over 86% of the respondents admit that during classes included in the studies curriculum they had no opportunity to observe the methodology of teaching the squat. Simultaneously, nearly 71% of the students indicate that an incorrect performance of this exercise may bring about negative effects in the musculo-skeletal system of a person practising sport.Conclusions: The knowledge of students concerning the methodology of teaching the correct squat is insufficient.
EN
Depressive disorders have become one of the greatest health problems of the modern society, with about 350 million people suffering from depression around the world (WHO). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptoms of depressed mood and symptoms indicating the possibility of depression or its progression among young people living in the city of Szczecin, Poland. Data from 150 students (107 women and 43 men) from one of the local universities constituted the material for this anonymous study which was based on the Beck Depression Inventory – 21 questions assessing the severity of depressive symptoms. Our results showed that 78% of women and 89% of men did not show symptoms of depression (Fig. 1). The incidence of mild depressive episodes was revealed in 15% of women and 7% of men, moderate episodes in 3% of women and 2% of men, and severe depression in 4% of women and 2% of men.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze step counts of middle school students in structured and unstructured physical education classes (PE) according to age, gender, and school type. Data were collected on a sample of 74 students, 40 7th and 34 8th grade students recruited from private and public middle schools. Omron HJ-112 pedometers were used in this study to obtain step counts. There were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in the step counts in both structured and unstructured PE. A significant difference was observed between school types in step counts during structured PE in both genders, while no significant difference was found for unstructured PE. Significant difference was found between step counts of only boys of different grades in unstructured PE. Boys made more steps than girls both in structured and unstructured PE. In structured PE, 7th grade boys reached a higher number of steps than 8th grade boys.
EN
The aim of this study was to show the differences between groups of medical, law and psychology students in terms of empathy and psychopathy, as well as to show whether there are relationships between these variables in the studied groups. The study involved 70 female and 50 male students, constituting three equal groups of 40 people each, studying Medicine, Law and Psychology respectively. Two standardized tools were used in the study: the Index of Interpersonal Reactivity (IRI) by M.H Davis and the Polish adaptation of I. Pilch and her team's Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM), the original version of which was developed by Patrick, Fowles and Krueger, as well as a specially designed sociodemographic questionnaire. The study showed an inverse relationship between empathy and psychopathy and that there were differences in both empathy and psychopathy levels between different groups of students. Law students had lower levels of empathy in two di mensions according to the IRI than medical and psychology students. When analyzing the severity of some psychopathic traits and the overall psychopathy score according to TriPM, it was found that law students had the highest levels in the overall psychopathy score and meanness, but no statistically significant differences were observed in other TriPM variables between the groups studied. Law students had the lowest empathy scores of the groups studied, and medical students had slightly lower empathy scores than psychology students. It was also shown that law students had the highest overall psychopathy score of the three groups studied. Negative correlational relationships between empathy and psychopathy were observed in medical and law students – indicating that higher levels of empathy are associated with lower levels of psychopathy.
EN
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. The objective of this survey was to assess the undergraduate students’ vitamin D status and knowledge about this vitamin. Materials and methods: An online multi-choice survey was designed and launched in Northern Poland (Gdańsk region). The first part of the survey assessed diet, supplementation, UV radiation exposure (UVE) and general health of respondents. The second part was a vitamin D knowledge test (vitamin D optimal level, deficiency-related diseases). 1766 student volunteers responded to the survey: 369 male and 1397 female. Data was divided according to the respondents’ sex and university affiliation. Appropriate parametric or non-parametric statistical tests were used with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: Regular consumption of vitamin D-rich food was high, except for fish (only 18; 22%). High number of participants did not declare any type of supplementation (43; 44%) and only occasionally were exposed to UV (77%; 80%). The most frequently recognized disease linked to vitamin D was osteoporosis. Medical University students obtained higher test scores (4,55), however this did not correlate with healthy vitamin D habits. Conclusion: Undergraduate medical and non-medical students have unsatisfactory vitamin D status and poor understanding of its function and impact on health, which implies the need for changes in the educational program.
EN
Physical and special physical fitness of first and second year students which go in for boxing in the process of their physical training during one and two years, respectively, is defined here. The research involved 108 students: 54 students from first year and 54 students from second year, which were tested during the year (at the beginning and at the end). The following types of testing were used: standing long jump, lying dip up for 20 sec and 1 min, speed – 100 m running, endurance – running 3000 m, rope jumping (quantity per 1 min) and special physical fitness was determined by maximum quantity of left and right punches during 15 sec. There positive dynamics and growth of all physical fitness indicators of students who went in for boxing during the first year was defined. The students who went in for boxing for the second year showed better results and their dynamics (in addition to indicators of 100 m running speed).
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze the level of physical activity of students of selected fields of study at Biała Podlaska University depending on the year of study. The study involved 450 people, studying at the first and second stages of education at the State School of Higher Education (PSW) in Biała Podlaska. In the study, a method of diagnostic survey was applied, with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ - short version. Based on the analysis it was concluded that the surveyed students were characterized by a moderate level of physical activity. The diversity of types of physical activity of students in relation to the year of study were statistically significant in terms of total activity, moderate activity and walking - in favor of students of the second year of undergraduate studies.
EN
Introduction. This study deals with the issue of career plans of tourism and recreation students. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of willingness of the respondents to take on business proprietorship, and to identify determinants of their behaviour in this regard. The research focused on the preparation of students in the course of their education to take on business initiatives their own. Material and methods. The study was conducted in the 2010/2011 academic year, using the method of diagnostic poll and the auditorium survey technique. It included 167 first-year full time students majoring in Tourism and Recreation of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw (Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska). Results. The results of studies have showed that students express a great deal of interest in business proprietorship. They are primarily motivated by desire to maintain independence of decision-making, the need to develop their own interests and the expected high incomes. The main obstacle in this respect appears to be the lack of necessary funds to run own company. The assessed their professional business entrepreneurship skills relatively low, pointing to the lack of proper preparation in the course of the studies. Particularly low assessment was given to their skills regarding the raising funds necessary to start and run a business.
EN
Introduction. Children's and youth's interests are of great importance in the view of pedagogical science. It is an element of a human's personality which makes people take action and for endeavours to achieve particular aims. Material and methods. The method applied in the research was the diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire. The questionnaire used in the research was the Springer's Interests Questionnaire adopted by Cekiera and an open question like ‘What are your interests?’. The survey was conducted in Academic Year 2008/2009 among 667 first-year physical education students of the first level of full-time studies in eight academies in Poland. Results. The conducted survey indicates that, among all the first-year physical education students' interests, there is a clear tendency for students to be interested in sport and tourism. The majority of respondents tends to be interested only in sport and tourism, they are defined as one-track mind students, and this can be proven through their deep and extensive knowledge in these subjects. The factors that significantly influence and differentiate the statistics of the survey were: sex, social background and place of residence. However, the type of school finished does not have an impact on the result of the survey since there is no connection between the finished school and interests. Conclusion. Owing to the fact that the majority of respondents definitely show a one-track mind interest in sport-tourism and care-education, it can be suggested that they tend to have the right qualities to be teachers of physical education.
EN
Introduction. One of the elements of the self-knowledge system is self-esteem. This system is continuously organized into a certain kind of a distinctive structure of ideas and notions. The aims of this paper, is to define the sense of self-esteem among first year physical education students. Material and methods. The method applied in the research was a diagnostic survey accompanied by questionnaire based on Fitts's “The Tennessee Self-concept Scale”, in a simplified term TSCS. The survey was conducted in Academic Year 2008/2009 among 667 respondents in eight state and non-state Polish academies. Results. The conducted survey indicates that there is an obvious tendency for students to have high self-esteem. Such a high level falls within the remit of the majority of aspects: moral-ethical self, family self and personal-self. Moreover, a high level of self-esteem was recognized in students' global sense of self-esteem and in self-esteem concerning personal-self. Crucially, the medium level of self-esteem concerning behaviour was declared by a considerable percentage of the respondents. The high level of global self-esteem was definitely assigned to female students whereas the medium level was noticed among male students. Conclusion. One of the key elements of human personality is the sense of selfesteem which influences both the level of self-acceptance and self-awareness. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop these skills and the psychophysical characteristics in the process of upbringing and educating.
EN
Nowadays, because of irregular lifestyle, high level of stress dietary supplements (DS) are becoming more popular as a source of needful nutrients among millions of people all over the world. The main purpose of present study was to estimate prevalence of dietary supplement consumption in sport, motivation in DS usage and sources of information. Anonymous self-administered questionnaire was spread among students of medical faculty in the end of their fourth year of study. There were 218 students of the fourth year of the Medical Faculty, of which 60.1% were females and 39.9% were males. Males more often used or had been using dietary supplements than females. The most popular dietary supplement was whey protein. The most common aim among men was to build up muscle mass. It is possible to state conclusions that prevalence of using dietary supplement among students is similar to values reported previously in the literature. Males were definitely more often undertaking physical activity in the gym and that could be the reason why they were definitely more often using specific dietary supplements.
EN
Background: The aim of the study was to assess physical activity undertaken by the students of Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdansk, Poland (AWFiS) in their free time in the academic year 1999/2000 and 2009/2010 and the direction of changes in this scope. Material/Methods: Students at the Faculty of Physical Education at AWFiS were subject to research in the academic years 1999/2000 and 2009/2010. 639 students were examined (42% women, 58% men). The research was based on a diagnostic survey with an author’s own questionnaire containing questions from the scope of physical activity and participation in its forms. Results: Mean values of BMI, body weight and height were higher amongst students beginning studies in 2009/2010. The BMI in the academic year 1999/2000, both for female and male students was lower than in 2009/2010. Irrespective of the year of examinations and the gender, the majority of the respondents were characterized by DPA (declared physical activity): 60.86% of the whole sample in 1999 and 47.1% in 2009; this difference was statistically significant. In our own research a decreasing tendency of the students’ declared physical activity was observed. Percentage drop in students with GPA (great physical activity) and an increasing percentage of LPA (low physical activity) and UPA (moderate physical activity) - both in women and men. Conclusions: The year of the research was a factor diversifying the level of the respondents’ physical activity.
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