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Effect of nutrient and stress factors on polysaccharides synthesis in Proteus mirabilis biofilm

100%
Moryl M., Kaleta A., Strzelecki K., Różalska S., Różalski A.
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 1
133-139
EN
The extracellular matrix in biofilm consists of water, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and phospholipids. Synthesis of these components is influenced by many factors, e.g. environment conditions or carbon source. The aim of the study was to analyse polysaccharides levels in Proteus mirabilis biofilms after exposure to stress and nutritional conditions. Biofilms of 22 P. mirabilis strains were cultivated for 24, 48, 72 hours, 1 and 2 weeks in tryptone soya broth or in modified media containing an additional amount of nutrients (glucose, albumin) or stress factors (cefotaxime, pH 4, nutrient depletion). Proteins and total polysaccharides levels were studied by Lowry and the phenol-sulphuric acid methods, respectively. Glycoproteins levels were calculated by ELLA with the use of selected lectins (WGA and HPA). For CLSM analysis dual fluorescent staining was applied with SYTO 13 and WGA-TRITC. In optimal conditions the levels of polysaccharides were from 0 to 442 μg/mg of protein and differed depending on the strains and cultivation time. The agents used in this study had a significant impact on the polysaccharides synthesis in the P. mirabilis biofilm. Among all studied components (depending on tested methods), glucose and cefotaxime stimulated the greatest production of polysaccharides by P. mirabilis strains (more than a twofold increase). For most tested strains the highest amounts of sugars were detected after one week of incubation. CLSM analysis confirmed the overproduction of N-acetyloglucosamine in biofilms after cultivation in nutrient and stress conditions, with the level 111-1134%, which varied depending on the P. mirabilis strain and the test factor.
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Lactic acid bacteria stress response to preservation processes in the beverage and juice industry

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Bucka-Kolendo J., Sokołowska B.
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2017
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vol. 64
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issue 3
459-464
EN
In this review we summarize stress factors that affect the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cause different molecular stress responses. LAB belong to a group of bacteria that is very widespread in food and beverages. They are present, and desired, in fermented products like yogurts, cheese, vegetables, meat or wine. In most of them, LAB are providing positive sensory and nutritive features. However, as harmless and desired microbes in one product, LAB can cause spoilage and a bad taste of others, especially in juices and beverages. LAB are resistant to many stress factors which allows them to survive in harsh environments. The most common stress factors they have to deal with are: heat, cold, acidity, NaCl and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Their ability to survive depends on their skills to cope with stress factors. Under stress conditions, LAB activate mechanisms that allow them to adjust to the new conditions, which can influence their viability and technological properties. This ability to adapt to different stress conditions may come from the cross-protection systems they have, as resistance to one factor may help them to deal with the other stress effectors. LAB are highly valuable for the food industry and that is why it is important to understand their stress response mechanisms.
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Zawód pielęgniarki jako profesja szczególnie obciążona długotrwałym stresem i zagrożeniem wystąpienia depresji

72%
Rybka M., Rymar A.
Innowacje w Pielęgniarstwie i Naukach o Zdrowiu
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2020
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vol. 5
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issue 1
9-28
EN
Introduction. The responsibility arising from the requirements of nursing is causing that many nurses feel pressure and discomfort every day. The multitude, intensity and frequency of stressors experienced every day by nurses inevitably lead to an increase in negative emotions. Many studies have proven the direct impact of stress experienced by nurses on the deterioration of the quality of life on its various areas. Such a multidimensional disorder in performing life roles leads to symptoms of depression, and thus to deterioration of both mental and physical well-being. Aim. The aim of the presented research was to determine the degree of stress burden on people working as a nurse and to answer the question whether nursing as a profession is particularly prone to depression. Material and methods. The group of respondents consisted of 100 nurses working in various forms of employment at Szpital Lipno Sp. z o.o. The study used a self-designed questionnaire, Beck's BDI-II test and the psychological measurement of disposable coping MINI COPE. Results. The obtained results confirmed that nursing is a profession particularly exposed to long-term stress. 80% of the surveyed nurses show a high exposure to stress, 16% of the respondents not too much, and 4% negligible. This means that eight out of ten nurses experience a high stress load in their workplace. Symptoms of depression occur in over 1/3 of respondents (34%). Conclusions. Nursing is a profession that is particularly burdened with long-term stress, and thus every third nurse indicates symptoms of depression.
PL
Wstęp. Odpowiedzialność wynikająca z wymagań stawianych w pielęgniarstwie sprawia, że wiele pielęgniarek i pielęgniarzy każdego dnia odczuwa presję i dyskomfort psychiczny. Mnogość, natężenie i częstotliwość czynników stresogennych doświadczanych każdego dnia pracy przez pielęgniarki i pielęgniarzy nieuchronnie prowadzą do wzrostu emocji negatywnych. W wielu badaniach udowodniono bezpośredni wpływ długotrwale doświadczanego przez pielęgniarki stresu na pogorszenie jakości życia na różnych jego płaszczyznach. Takie wielowymiarowe zaburzenie w pełnieniu ról życiowych prowadzi do wystąpienia objawów depresji, a tym samym do pogorszenia własnego dobrostanu zarówno psychicznego, jak i fizycznego. Cel. Celem pracy było określenie stopnia obciążenia stresem osób wykonujących zawód pielęgniarki/pielęgniarza jak również uzyskanie odpowiedzi na pytanie czy pielęgniarstwo jako zawód szczególnie jest narażone na występowanie depresji. Materiał i metody. Grupę respondentów stanowiło 100 pielęgniarek pracujących w zróżnicowanych formach zatrudnienia w Szpital Lipno Sp. Z o.o. Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety konstrukcji własnej oraz test Becka BDI-II oraz psychologiczny pomiaru dyspozycyjnego radzenia sobie MINI COPE. Wyniki. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły, że pielęgniarstwo jest zawodem szczególnie narażonym na długotrwały stres. 80% ankietowanych pielęgniarek/rzy wykazuje duże narażenie na stres, 16% badanych niezbyt duże, a 4% znikome. Oznacza to, iż osiem na dziesięć pielęgniarek/pielęgniarzy odczuwa duże obciążenie stresem w swoim miejscu pracy. Objawy depresji występują u ponad 1/3 badanych (34%). Wnioski. Pielęgniarstwo jest zawodem szczególnie obciążone długotrwałym stresem, a co za tym idzie co trzecia pielęgniarka wskazuje na występowanie objawów depresji.
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