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EN
We develop two nonparametric approaches to analyze the empirical properties of economic cycles. The first approach is based on almost periodically correlated time series commonly used in signal processing. Within this framework we depart from standard scheme of analysis that relies on stationarity assumption. The second approach is based on spectral analysis provided the stationarity assumption of cyclical fluctuations. We contribute to the existing literature in both, theoretical and empirical aspects. From theoretical viewpoint we develop methods of formal statistical inference about the main properties of elements of the economic cycle. In the first approach the testing procedure utilizing subsampling approach is proposed. In the second approach the method of analysis of concentration of the spectral mass is developed. Based on the monthly series of the credit aggregate and the industrial production, taken from selected European countries, we discuss the empirical properties of the credit cycle and we compare them with the production cycle. Our empirical findings show substantial diversity of the credit cycle across analysed countries. Also cyclical component in the credit series is identified much stronger than in case of the series of industrial production. Also the production cycles are much more synchronized across countries compared to the credit cycles.
Open Physics
|
2006
|
vol. 4
|
issue 3
405-416
EN
One influential parameter which mediates interactions between many types of molecules and biological membranes stems from the lumped contributions of the transmembrane potential, dipole potential and the difference in the surface potentials on both sides of a membrane. With relevance to cell physiology, such electrical features of a biomembrane are prone to undergoing changes as a result of interactions with the aqueous surrounding. Among the most useful tools devoted to exploring changes of electrical parameters of a lipid membrane induced by certain extracellular ions, lipid composition, and embedded membrane peptides and proteins, are spectroscopic imaging and the inner field compensation (IFC) method. In this work we layout the principles of a fully computerized version of the IFC method, which makes it more readily available to users. As a direct application, we deployed this improved version of the IFC method to time-resolve changes induced by alamethicin monomers upon membrane dipole potential, following their aggregation within an artificial lipid membrane. Intriguingly, even prior crossing the membrane core, the membrane-bound alamethicin monomers are shown to significantly increase the dipole potential of the monolayer they reside in. Such data further emphasize the yet less-explored interplay between membrane-based protein and peptides, and the membrane dipole potential.
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