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The Impact of Ankle Joint Stiffening by Ski Equipment on Maintenance of Body Balance

100%
Gustyn M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
|
2012
|
vol. 19
|
issue 3
168-172
EN
Introduction. In the initial phase of ski lessons, the skier encounters a completely new situation. The maintenance of body stability, which is influenced by various factors, attracts his entire attention. The aim of this study was to define the impact of ankle joint stiffening by ski equipment on the maintenance of body balance. Material and methods. The research was conducted on 13-member group aged 20 to 24. All the subjects were male students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Bia³a Podlaska (graduates of the ski instructor course). Each participant carried out three postural exercises on the KISTLER dynamometric platform. Then the same exercises were performed with ski boots and skis. Two parameters were used for the analysis of body balance, namely the COP path length and the surface area of the stabilogram. Results. It was stated in the study that ankle joint stiffening while standing on both skis did not have a negative impact on the postural stability. In majority of the tested subjects while standing on one ski, a considerable increase in the both analysed parameters occurred in relation to the same exercises performed without ski boots. That being so, it can be inferred that ski equipment causes deterioration of body stability. Moreover, it was noticed as a result of putting on ski boots and skis that body fluctuations increased slightly in relation to the growth of the base of support defined by the ski length and ski width setting. Conclusions. On this basis, it was concluded that ski equipment does not have a negative influence on the maintaining body balance. The growth of body fluctuations during exercises is insignificant in relation to the increase of body base area. It is necessary to find new ways of compensating for body fluctuations in order to maintain body balance with ski equipment on.
2
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Physiological Background of Muscular Pain During Skiing and Delayed Muscle Soreness after Skiing

88%
Klimek A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
|
2010
|
vol. 23
55-61
EN
During intensive skiing, at each turn, in particular towards the end of the turning steering phase, eccentric work of the lower limb muscles occurs (predominantly of the quadriceps femoris), which is the direct cause of damage within muscle cells. A few or more than ten hours after intensive physical effort the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness may appear, which is mainly a result of the micro-damage within the myocytes.The following procedure can be proposed for prevention of muscle soreness for skiers: around a week before first day of skiing in the season, skiers should perform a series of intensive physical exercises involving eccentric contractions, thus inducing delayed muscular soreness. The exercises may involve for example: downhill running, preferably down a steep slope, running down stairs, deep knee bend jumps, deep knee bend jumps over an obstacle, jumping to the ground from a certain height, sit-ups on one or both feet, etc. The exercises should lead considerable local fatigue, in particular of the lower limb muscles, so that muscle soreness occurs on the second day, in particular in the frontal part of the thighs. After approximately two days the pain will alleviate, while after a week the strength of the muscles will return to its pre-exercise condition. This should considerably reduce, or even remove, delayed muscle soreness after skiing, which will not only help skiers use their time more effectively but will also be crucial to the skiers' safety.
3
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RISK TAKING PROPENSITY AMONG PEOPLE INVOLVED IN VARIOUS FORMS OF WINTER RECREATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF SKIING

88%
Pawelec I.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2013
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vol. 2
|
issue 2
39-47
EN
Nowadays, recreational activity is not only the general tendency to improve physical function, but is also associated with increased physical effort and risk. For example, there has been the development of more sophisticated and dangerous forms of skiing. Today, skiing can be divided into downhill skiing, practiced in ski resorts, and freeskiing. The freeskiing forms include ski-touring and freeride, considered as extreme. The extreme forms are characterized by high risk as the main motive for their practice. The most important predisposition to engage in those activities is the courage expressed in risk taking propensity. Risk taking propensity is a personality trait that affects human decisions in risky situations. Depending on its severity, more or less risky behavior can be observed. The aim of the study was to determine the level of propensity to risk behaviors of people involved in forms of activity associated with a higher risk in comparison with other participants, on the example of recreational skiing. The questionnaire constructed by Ryszard Studenski was used to measure the risk taking propensity and frequency of risky behavior. The research was carried out on 40 persons classified on the basis of the declaration of preferred form of skiing. People practicing extreme forms of winter activity (skitouring, ski-mountaineering) showed lower level of risk taking propensity than a group of downhill skiers. It was found that the preference of risky sports is not definitely related to the higher propensity to risk-taking behavior.
4
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Aspects of Athletic Training Management of the Fittest Lithuanian Skiers-Racers

75%
Čepulėnas A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
|
2009
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
52-61
EN
Background: The aim of the research was to analyse the system of athletic training management of the fittest Lithuanian skiers - members of the Olympic national team and to establish the peculiarities of the changes in the skiers' sports performance in the perennial training process.Material/Methods: The complex studies of Lithuanian skiers were carried out three times during an annual training cycle. The study analyses the indices of training loads, physical working capacity and the functional capacity of the organisms of Lithuanian Olympic national team skiers I. T (female), A. N (male) and M. S. (male). We present methods of control of functional powers and adaptation to physical loads of skiers' organisms, analyse indices of adaptation of skiers' organisms to physical loads and physical efficiency in the zones of different work intensity.Results: Significant information about the adaptation of skiers' organisms during the two-year training cycle is gained by estimating the skiers' metabolism, the threshold limits of critical intensity and anaerobic effort.Conclusions: Indices of oxygen consumption at the limit of anaerobic threshold and after reaching the limit of critical intensity often change during the annual cycle, and thus, we can judge the sports preparedness of athletes according to the parameters of those indices.
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