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1
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The influence of hygienisation of sewage sludge on the process of pyrolysis

100%
Čížková A., Juchelková D., Raclavská H.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2011
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vol. 32
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issue 1
57-68
EN
The aim of this work was to determine the influence of liming on the process of pyrolysis. Three samples of sludge from two wastewater treatment plants were selected for this study on pyrolysis: sludge without liming and limed sludge from the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ostrava and sludge from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Sviadnov. The samples had different content of calcite (CaCO3). The limed sludge contained 7% of CaCO3, sludge without liming 3.8% and sludge without liming from WWTP Sviadnov contained 0.5% of calcite. The results of laboratory pyrolysis proved that limed sludge released the maximum amount of carbon - 55.46 %, while sludge without liming from WWTP Sviadnov released only 48.92%. Calcite produces during its decomposition CaO and the product influences the pyrolysis process because it supports cracking of volatile organic compounds
2
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Estimation of reburning potential of syngas from sewage sludge gasification process

100%
Werle S.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2011
|
issue 4
3
Content available remote

Pilot study on feasibility of application of gas chromatography for the assessment of acrylamide concentration in sewage sludge

100%
Włodarczyk E., Próba M., Wolny L., Wojtal Ł.
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 2
201-203
EN
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using gas chromatography to measurement of the acrylamide concentration in sewage sludge. Acrylamide, as a toxic substance, is not indifferent to human health, but it is used in the production of plastics, dyes, adhesives, cosmetics, mortar, as well as a coagulant for water treatment, wastewater or sewage sludge conditioning. Determination of acrylamide by gas chromatography was based on standard: EPA Method 8032A "Acrylamid by gas chromatography." It consists of a bromination reaction of the compound in the presence of dibromopropendial derivative, a triple extraction with the ethyl acetate, a concentration of the eluate sample up to the 1 ml volume, and an analysis by the gas chromatography using an electron capture detector (ECD). The acrylamide concentration of was calculated according to the formula presented in the mentioned standard. All samples were performed twice (the difference between the results was not greater than 10%), and the average value of the four samples was 17.64 µg/L−1. The presence of acrylamide in sewage sludge has been confirmed.
4
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Influence of agricultural utilization of sludge and compost from rural wastewater treatment plant on nitrogen passes in light soil

100%
Czyżyk F., Rajmund A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2014
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vol. 16
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issue 1
1-6
EN
This paper presents the results of studies which aim was to determine the pollution of the water environment for both methods of preparation for the utilization of sewage sludge in agriculture. The study was conducted in 2008-2012 in lysimeters filled with light sandy soil (clayey sand). During the study variants with equal doses of nitrogen in an amount of 20 g . m-2 (15.7 g per one lysimeter) were supplied to the soil in sewage sludge and in the compost made from the same sludge. These variants were used three times for two species of perennial plants: Miscanthus gigantenus i Sida hermaphrodita Rusby. In a variant of sludge soil fertilizing, it was leached into water environment more than 12% of the applied nitrogen over 5 years of research. In case of compost nitrogen leaching was reduced to 8.1-10.0% of the quantity supplied to the soil.
5
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Estimation of reburning potential of syngas from sewage sludge gasification process

100%
Werle S.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2011
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vol. 32
|
issue 4
411-421
EN
The motivation of this work was to define the reburning potential of sewage sludge gasification gas (syngas). Numerical simulation of co-combustion process of syngas in hard coal-fired boiler has been done. All the calculations were performed using the Chemkin program. Plug-Flow Reactor model was used. The calculations were modelled using GRI-Mech 2.11 mechanism. The highest NO conversions are obtained at the temperature of about 1000-1200 K. The highest reduction efficiency was achieved for the molar flow ratio of syngas equal to 15%. The combustion of hard coal with sewage sludge - derived syngas reduces NO emissions and the amount of coal needed to produce electricity and heat. Advanced reburning, which is a more complicated process gives efficiency of up to 80%. The calculations show that the analyzed syngas can yield better results.
6
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Investigation of sewage sludge preparation for combustion process

100%
Magdziarz A., Wilk M., Kosturkiewicz B.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2011
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vol. 32
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issue 4
299-309
EN
Waste disposal is imposed by the European Union under Treaty of Accession concerning waste management order. One of the waste disposal methods is thermal utilisation. The paper presents an investigation of sewage sludge briquettes used as a fuel in combustion process. The research study was carried out on samples taken from the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant in Bochnia. Briquettes with lime were formed. The analysis of the elementary chemical composition of municipal sewage sludge, the composition of the ash and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out. The results indicate that the prepared briquettes had sufficient fuel properties.
7
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Phosphorus recovery from waste - methods review

88%
Wzorek Z., Gorazda K.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 2
57-60
EN
According to sustainable development principles, searching for alternative phosphorus sources, especially possible ways of its recycling from waste, should be treated as a preferential problem of the phosphorus industry. The ways admitted as most important are:- phosphorus recovery from municipal and industrial sewage and from sewage sludge,- utilization of phosphorus from manure- management of waste from meat industryThe forecasts elaborated at the end of the last century, indicate that over 50% of the world phosphorus resources in use today will be depleted during the next 60 - 70 years. That fact contributes to increase of market prices of phosphorus products.This work presents possible directions for the recovery and management of sewage sludge, meat meal and manure as a phosphorus source for chemical industry.
8
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Application of the TG-MS system in studying sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification

88%
Bedyk T., Nowicki L., Stolarek P., Ledakowicz S.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2008
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vol. 10
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issue 1
1-5
EN
A method of monitoring sewage sludge pyrolysis and gasification was proposed. Samples of sludge were pyrolysed in Ar and gasified in CO2 in a thermobalance. The evolved gases were analysed on the calibrated MS, the samples of sludge and solid residues at different stages of the processes were subjected to elemental analysis. The identification and the quantitative characterisation of chemical reactions were performed, based on the DTG and MS profiles.
9
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Content available

Investigation of sewage sludge preparation for combustion process

88%
Magdziarz A., Wilk M., Kosturkiewicz B.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2011
|
issue 4
10
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

The influence of hygienisation of sewage sludge on the process of pyrolysis

88%
Čížková A., Juchelková D., Raclavská H.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2011
|
issue 1
11
Content available remote

Sewage Sludge Combustion – Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

88%
Turkienė N., Zigmontienė A., Buinevičius K., Plečkaitienė R.
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vol. 34
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issue 2
203-214
EN
Whereas the use of biofuels has attracted increasing attention, the aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using sewage sludge as biofuel. Preparation of untreated and stabilised sludge with natural additives is described, as well as combusting method applied and experimental results of combusting are presented based on the assessment of composition of emitted pollutants and their concentrations in the exhaust gas. NOx formation in the exhaust gas has been analysed in depth. The results of investigations have shown that the use of dried sewage sludge possesses a positive energy balance. Therefore, the sludge may be used as fuel. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that during combustion, pollutant concentrations vary depending on oxygen content (O2), while formation of nitrogen oxides is strongly influenced by fuel-bound nitrogen. Also, a generalized equation of calculating fuel bound nitrogen conversion into NOx is presented.
12
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Impact of manure and organic fertilizers on the quantity and content yield of heavy metals in spring rape

88%
Krzywy E., Iżewska A.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 3
60-63
EN
The pot experiment was set up with the split plot method in three repetitions in 2006. The objects of the first factor were the doses of manure and organic fertilizers to the soil in conversion to the brought in nitrogen (85 and 170 kg N·ha-1), the objects of the second factor were the types of fertilizers: manure, sewage sludge and the composts prepared from sewage sludge. The soil used in an experiment was supplied from The Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik. The soil was taken from the arable layer, it has the granulometric composition of the light loamy sand.The content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium formed on medium level, the pHKCl of the soil amounted to 5.13. The soil was characterized by 00 contamination of trace elements, which means that it contained the natural content of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc. Spring rape var. Licosmos was the test plant.The aim of the research was the assessment of the influence of manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge on yield quantity of seeds and straw and the content of cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc in spring rape.The conducted research shows that fertilizers brought into the soil (manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge) as well as two levels of fertilizing had a significant influence on the yield of the seeds and straw of spring rape. Manure, sewage sludge and compost prepared from sewage sludge played less significant influence on the decreasing or excessive increasing of heavy metals concentration in the seeds of spring rape. The double dose of fertilizers caused higher accumulation of heavy metals in the test plant. The straw of spring rape should be treated as a source of organic matter and the main nutrients for the soil. The highest concentration of copper, manganese, nickel and zinc in the straw of spring rape was noticed after the application of sewage sludge and of cadmium and lead after the application of compost prepared from sewage sludge.
13
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Impact of sewage sludge and composts prepared from sewage sludge on the content and uptake of macronutrients by straw of miscanthus sacchariflorus

88%
Iżewska A., Krzywy E., Balcer K.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2007
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vol. 9
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issue 3
56-59
EN
The pot experiment was set up under the conditions of the hall of vegetation in 2002. The municipal sewage sludge and composts produced with the GWDA method in 2001 based on municipal sewage sludge with the 30% addition of structuring materials, in conversion to the dry matter, were used in the experiment. The pot experiment was set up with the split-split-plot method in three repetitions. The objects of the first factor were the doses of sewage sludge and composts (1 dose = 13 g, 2 dose = 26 g, 3 dose = 39 g, 4 dose = 52 g of dry matter in relation to the soil weight in the pot), the objects of the second factor were the types of organic fertilization (sewage sludge, 0,5-year compost prepared from sewage sludge, 1,5-year compost prepared from sewage sludge), objects of the third factor were the variants with and without nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the rates of 0.27 g N and 0.26 g K per pot. The experiment was conducted in Kick-Brauckmann's pots of 9 dm3 capacity in which 8 kg of soil were placed. The test plant cultivated in the experiment was Miscanthus sachariflorus. Seedlings of Miscanthus were planted in the first year of the experiment. The obtained results show that the content of macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in straw of Miscanthus sachariflorus was not dependent on the type of organic fertilizers used in the experiment. However, supplemental nitrogen-potassium fertilization significantly increases the content of potassium in the test plant in all three years of research and nitrogen in the second year.The conducted research shows that the uptake of macronutrients depended on the dry matter yield quantity and the content of a given element in the yield. Within three years the straw of Miscanthus sacchariflorus took up the most of potassium - 11.63 g from the pot and the least of magnesium 1.20 g from the pot. The amount of the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium by the biomass of Miscanthus sacchariflorus from the pot on the objects fertilized with organic fertilizers was the highest in the second year of the research, which was a result of mineralization of the applied fertilizers.
14
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Sewage Sludge Combustion – Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

75%
Turkienė N., Zigmontienė A., Buinevičius K., Plečkaitienė R.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2013
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issue 2
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Sustainable sewage sludge management in Morocco: Constraints and solutions

75%
Ghacha A., Ben Alla L., Ammari M., Ghacha A., Ben Alla L., Ammari M.
Journal of Water and Land Development
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2020
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issue 46
16
Content available remote

Present and prospective leather industry waste disposal

75%
Fela K., Wieczorek-Ciurowa K., Konopka M., Woźny Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 3
53-55
EN
In this paper general characteristics of the main leather industry waste regarding its amount reduction by thermal treatment have been presented. Both the tannery solid wastes and the sludge contain organic substances. Their energy value is more than 50% higher in comparison to hard coal (nominally 20 MJ/kg as dry material). Up to now, the considerable amounts of energy are not recovered; leather wastes are predominantly on landfill. Implementation of a comprehensive thermal method for tannery solid waste and sludge utilization can permit to solve the waste disposal problem by effective neutralization of all of the waste. Moreover, it should bring economic benefits associated with steam or hot water production and landfill tax avoiding. The study is oriented towards the practical application.
17
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From sewage sludge ash to calcium phosphate fertilizers

75%
Gorazda K., Kowalski Z., Wzorek Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 3
54-58
EN
Our work presents the results of the research on the utilization of ashes after sewage sludge combustion comprising phosphorus recovery in the form of useful products. The investigations were divided into three parts: selecting the combustion parameters of sewage sludge, examining ash leaching with mineral acids (nitric and phosphoric) to high phosphorus selectivity assuring a low content of iron and heavy metals in the extracted solutions and precipitation of CaHPO4 .2H2O. Suitable temperature of a sewage sludge combustion enables selective extraction of phosphorus compounds from ash because of hematite phase forming, insoluble in mineral acids. The extracts from phosphoric acid leaching, where the extraction of phosphorus compounds was 96.1%, have very good properties for its further use as the initial solution for CaHPO4 .2H2O with 6% lime milk. The obtained product is characterized by high purity and phosphorus availability compatible even with the feed phosphate standard.
18
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Escherichia Coli in Sewage Sludge - Detection Method / Escherichia Coli W Osadach Ściekowych - Metoda Wykrywania

63%
Machnicka A.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 1-2
79-85
EN
Escherichia coli is Gram-negative optionally anaerobic roads which belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family. Includes in a physiological bacterial flora of human and warm-blooded animals large intestine. Escherichia coli is being met in abiotic elements of the environment so as waters, wastewater, sewage sludge, soil and the food. This bacterium is showing the pathogenicity in named terms for the peoples, triggering diseases mainly: gastrointestinal tract and urinary. Quality and quantitative proposed detections method of the bacteria E. coli contains five/six steps: - appointment dry suspended solid, - preparation averaged, test of sample and resuscitation of bacteria, - making dilutions, - enrichment and differentiation in chromogenic-selective medium, - enumerating the amount of cfu E. coli in 1 g of a dry weight, - optionally, the biochemical identification
PL
Escherichia coli jest Gram-negatywną, względnie beztlenową pałeczką należącą do rodziny Enterobacteriaceae. Wchodzi w skład fizjologicznej flory bakteryjnej jelita grubego człowieka oraz zwierząt stałocieplnych. Spotyka się ją w elementach abiotycznych środowiska, takich jak wody, ścieki, osady ściekowe, gleba i żywność. Bakteria ta w określonych warunkach wykazuje chorobotwórczość dla człowieka, wywołując głównie schorzenia układów pokarmowego i moczowego. Proponowana metoda jakościowa i ilościowa wykrywania bakterii E. coli zawiera pięć/sześć etapów: - oznaczenie suchej masy osadu, - przygotowanie próbki uśrednionej i badawczej oraz przywrócenie bakteriom aktywności fizjologicznej, - wykonanie rozcieńczeń, - namnażanie i identyfikacja na podłożu chromogennym-selektywnym, - wyliczenie ilości jtk E. coli w 1 g suchej masy osadu, - opcjonalnie identyfikacja biochemiczna.
19
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Microbiological and physico-chemical composition of sewage sludge derived from the food industry / Skład mikrobiologiczny i fizykochemiczny osadów ściekowych pochodzących z przemysłu spożywczego

63%
Błaszczyk K., Krzyśko-Łupicka T.
Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
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2013
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vol. 18
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issue 1-2
89-95
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze the microbiological and physico-chemical composition of sewage sludge from the food industry. The research material was dewatered sewage sludge with and without lime, derived from the water and drink production plant in the Opole region, obtained for testing in March 2013. Physico-chemical analysis included the determination of: pH, temperature of sludge, sedimentation properties, the dry weight, mineral substances, biogenic elements and heavy metals. Microbiological evaluation included quantitative and qualitative determination of mesophilic, psychrophilic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Sewage sludge with and without lime characterized similar physico-chemical parameters. However, the addition of lime to the sludge led to a change in ratios of different groups of microorganisms. In the sludge with lime, we observed reduction in the number of mesophilic bacteria and yeast, and total inhibition of psychrophilic bacteria and fungi. Knowledge of the physico-chemical parameters and microbiological composition of the sewage sludge is needed to determine the directions of their development
PL
Celem badań była analiza składu mikrobiologicznego oraz fizykochemicznego osadów ściekowych pochodzących z przemysłu spożywczego. Materiał badawczy stanowił odwodniony osad ściekowy wapnowany i niewapnowany pochodzący z zakładu produkcji wód i napojów na terenie Opolszczyzny. Analiza fizykochemiczna obejmowała oznaczenia: pH, temperatury osadu, właściwości sedymentacyjnych, zawartości suchej masy, substancji mineralnych, pierwiastków biogennych oraz metali ciężkich. Ocena mikrobiologiczna obejmowała oznaczenia ilościowo-jakościowe mikroorganizmów mezofilnych i psychrofilnych oraz potencjalnie chorobotwórczych. Osad ściekowy zarówno wapnowany, jak i niewapnowany cechowały podobne parametry fizykochemiczne. Jednak dodatek wapna do osadu ściekowego prowadził do zmiany stosunków ilościowych poszczególnych grup mikroorganizmów. W osadzie wapnowanym, w porównaniu do niewapnowanego, obserwowano obniżenie liczby bakterii mezofilnych i drożdży oraz całkowite zahamowanie rozwoju bakterii psychrofilnych i grzybów. Znajomość parametrów fizykochemicznych oraz składu mikrobiologicznego osadów ściekowych niezbędna jest do wytyczenia kierunków ich zagospodarowania.
20
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Quantity and Quality of Organic Matter in Soil after Application of Various Organic Materials/Ilość I Jakość Materii Organicznej W Glebie Po Aplikacji Różnych Materiałów Organicznych

63%
Gondek K., Mierzwa M.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 3
477-485
EN
Organic carbon concentrations in soil, irrespective of the year of research increased significantly after application of organic materials for the soil fertilization in comparison with the soil from the NPK mineral treatment. The content of low molecular humus compounds extracted from soil using H2SO4 solution was small, regardless of the applied fertilization or year of research. However, after the third year of research a significant increase in this humus fraction content was noted in soil of all treatments where fertilization was applied. After the third year of research, carbon content in alkaline extract rose significantly in soil of all treatments where fertilization with organic materials was applied, in comparison with the soil from mineral NPK treatment. The content of humic acid carbon in soil was lower than fulvic acid carbon, which resulted in lower than one values of Cha : Cfa ratio. However, obtained results point to marked increase in both humus fractions in results of residual effect of applied fertilization. Residual effect of applied fertilization apparently increased the value of absorbance coefficient A4/6, which points to a decreased degree of condensation of humic acid molecule and greater aliphatisation.
PL
Zawartość węgla organicznego w glebie, niezależnie od roku badań, znacznie zwiększyła się po zastosowaniu do nawożenia gleby materiałów organicznych, w porównaniu do gleby z obiektu, w którym zastosowano nawożenie mineralne NPK. Zawartość niskocząsteczkowych związków próchnicznych wyekstrahowanych z gleby roztworem H2SO4 była niewielka bez względu na zastosowane nawożenie oraz rok badań. Niemniej, po trzecim roku badań stwierdzono istotne zwiększenie zawartości tej frakcji próchnicy w glebie wszystkich obiektów, w których zastosowano nawożenie. Po trzecim roku badań zawartość węgla w ekstrakcie alkalicznym istotnie zwiększyła się w glebie wszystkich obiektów, w których zastosowano nawożenie materiałami organicznymi, w porównaniu do zawartości w glebie z obiektu, w którym zastosowano nawożenie mineralne NPK. Zawartość węgla kwasów huminowych w glebie była mniejsza od zawartości węgla kwasów fulwowych, co skutkowało mniejszymi od jedności wartościami ilorazu Ckh:Ckf. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują jednak na znaczące zwiększenie obu frakcji próchnicy w wyniku następczego działania zastosowanego nawożenia. Efektem następczym zastosowanego nawożenia było zwiększenie współczynnika absorbancji A4/6, co wskazuje na zmniejszenie stopnia skondensowania cząsteczki kwasów huminowych oraz większą alifatyzację.
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