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EN
This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the formative assessment (FA) of Physical Education teachers and the level of self-concept of primary school students. In this descriptive cross-sectional study of 122 schoolchildren, self-concept was assessed using the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the teacher's formative assessment practices through the teacher performance questionnaire associated with formative assessment practices whose scores were validated. The analysis of bivariate correlations showed that higher values in proactive FA correlated with lower values in physical self-concept and higher values in behavioural, intellectual, and social self-concept (p < .05, for all) and interactive FA with higher values in social self-concept (p < .05). The simple analysis of variance detected statistically significant differences in proactive and interactive FA (p < .05, for all) in favour of those who had a higher level of self-concept. In turn, the linear regression test indicated that higher values in retroactive FA are associated with higher values in social self-concept (p < .039) and, that higher values in proactive FA are associated with lower values in physical self-concept (p < .023). It can be concluded that the FA of the Physical Education teacher can be a differentiating element in the development of self-concept.
EN
The article is a theoretical review of former and actual conceptions of personal identity that after Seymour Epstein (1991) may be concerned from two perspectives: (1) the subjective and (2) the objective. The first one refers to affective manner of self-experiencing and displays in identity senses, such as – for example – sense of self-continuity, sense of distinctiveness from other people, or sense of self-unity (that are more characteristic for traditional identity) and sense of self-openness, sense of inner variability, sense of self-changeability (that are more characteristic for so called fluid identity). The literature gives many elements of subjective identity and one of the aims of this article is to gather these different elements and to propose some kind of grouping them depending on socio-cultural context of individual’s living. The propose of grouping of identity senses is hypothetical and demands empirical verification. In the article the second, objective perspective of personal identity is also presented, and as a conclusion there is a postulate to integrate in research on identity these two perspectives, especially in a context of contemporary world that is very varied, complex and dynamic.
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2011
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vol. 19
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issue 2
3-8
EN
The subject of the paper is oriented on problems of senior revitalization and joints healing. The study reports the application and evaluation of an interventional yoga program for seniors with overweight in arthritis or osteoarthritis combination. The aim of the study is to accomplish significant changes in overweight reduce, pain reduce and selfconcept optimization of participants after the yoga training. The experimental group (ES) was conducted from 58 persons from senior homes in the region of South Bohemia in Czech Republic. The control group (CS) was conducted from 54 persons from senior homes in the region of South Bohemia in Czech Republic. All the probands were disabled seniors with diagnosis of overweight with arthritis or osteoarthritis. ES and CS were compared before and after intervention movement program in somatic and psychological tests, e.g. BMI, measuring of diameters of 10 skin folds with callipers, self-perception gamut, and list of open sentences. In ES a significant discrepancy between input and check out BMI was perceptible. Significant positive changes in the reduction of diameters of 10 skin folds were recorded in female and male of ES after the yoga intervention. Psychological analyses after intervention movement program document shift from anxiety to state fair, from depressive moods to vitality, from fatigue to force and energy, from confusion and uncertainties to self-respect and self-esteem. The intervention program was running in three months cycles in several groups. Whole experiment was completed in one year.
EN
The term “locus of control” means the individual’s conviction about localisation of the control of reinforcements. The locus of internal control refers to perceiving the achieved results as if they were conditioned by one’s own behaviour or individual traits. When the result of activities is perceived as an effect of a chance, luck, destiny, as the effect controlled by other people or unpredictable, we speak about the external locus of control. Admittedly, the internal locus of control is associated with a better emotional and social adaptation. The locus of control is an effect of recurrent experiences and may be subject to modification due to therapeutic effects. Owing to a considerable importance of this variable for psychosocial functioning, creation of reliable tools for investigating it is essential. As far as the authors know, there has been no inventory in Polish as yet that would examine the locus of control in children aged from 8 to 12. In view of the potential importance of monitoring the locus of control in children starting the school education, a decision was taken to draw up a scale designed for this age group. The Locus of Control Scale – Primary Schools (LCS-PS) consists of 20 test items examining the locus of control on Scales of Success and Failure. To estimate the psychometric properties of LCS-PS, 131 pupils of randomly selected primary schools in Warsaw were examined. The reliability of α-Cronbach scale amounts to 0.69. The validity is confirmed by correlations with the average grade and scales of Self-concept, Anxiety, Depression and Anger in the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment. A short scale was drawn up, in Polish, of good reliability and validity, examining the locus of control in children aged from 7 to 12. The scale constitutes a supplementation of the tools designed for other age groups, existing on the Polish market.
PL
Pojęcie poczucia kontroli oznacza przekonanie jednostki o umiejscowieniu kontroli wzmocnień. Poczuciem kontroli wewnętrznej nazywamy spostrzeganie osiąganych rezultatów jako uwarunkowanych własnym zachowaniem bądź osobistymi cechami. Gdy wynik działań jest spostrzegany jako skutek przypadku, szczęścia, przeznaczenia, jako kontrolowany przez innych ludzi lub nieprzewidywalny, mówimy o poczuciu kontroli zewnętrznej. Uważa się, że poczucie kontroli wewnętrznej wiąże się z lepszym przystosowaniem emocjonalnym i społecznym. Umiejscowienie kontroli jest wynikiem powtarzających się doświadczeń i może podlegać modyfikacji w wyniku oddziaływań terapeutycznych. Ze względu na duże znaczenie tej zmiennej dla funkcjonowania psychospołecznego ważne jest tworzenie wiarygodnych narzędzi do jej badania. Zgodnie z wiedzą autorów do tej pory nie istniał polskojęzyczny kwestionariusz badający poczucie kontroli u dzieci między 8. i 12. rokiem życia. Ze względu na potencjalne znaczenie monitorowania poczucia kontroli u dzieci rozpoczynających edukację szkolną zdecydowano się na stworzenie skali przeznaczonej dla tej grupy wiekowej. Opracowana Skala Poczucia Kontroli – Szkoły Podstawowe (SPK-SP) złożona jest z 20 pozycji testowych, badających poczucie kontroli na Skalach Sukcesu i Porażki. W celu oszacowania własności psychometrycznych SPK-SP zbadano 131 uczniów trzech losowo wybranych szkół podstawowych w Warszawie. Rzetelność skali α-Cronbacha wynosi 0,69. Trafność potwierdzają korelacje ze średnią ocen oraz Skalami Samooceny, Lęku, Depresji oraz Złości Kwestionariusza Becka dla Dzieci. Powstała krótka polskojęzyczna skala o dobrej rzetelności i trafności, badająca poczucie kontroli u dzieci w wieku 7-12 lat. Skala stanowi uzupełnienie dotychczas istniejących na polskim rynku narzędzi przeznaczonych dla innych grup wiekowych.
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