Search results

1

Sex Differences In Shock Attenuation During Running

100%

Sinclair J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 15

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issue 3

37-42

EN

The current investigation was conducted to determine whether sex differences in skeletal accelerations and shock attenuation were evident during running. Twelve male and twelve female recreational runners ran at 4.0 m.s-1. Axial accelerations were measured at 1,000 Hz using accelerometers mounted at the tibia and sacrum. Peak tibial and sacrum axial accelerations were obtained and utilized to calculate the extent of shock attenuation. The results showed that peak sacrum accelerations were significantly larger in female runners (5.16 ±0.64 g) compared to males (4.37 ±0.75 g). It was also shown that shock attenuation (31.90 ±19.85%) was significantly lower in female runners in relation to males (47.89 ±11.46%). The findings from the current investigation indicate that female runners experience greater skeletal accelerations which may place greater stress on the musculoskeletal structures required attenuate transients forces which can be detrimental to passive tissues.

2

Statistical Description of Arrival Sequences in Amateur Long-Distance Races

100%

Białek B.

Physical Activity Review

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2017

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vol. 5

44-53

EN

In this paper, we analyze data sets, collected from the public web sites, containing the finishers arrival times in five different half marathons. We focus on finding patterns in the arrival times distributions as well as on studying the differences between the female and male runners’ arrival times distributions. The main statistical tools used are Analysis of Variance and Kolmogorov - Smirnov test for identifying underlying distributions and for comparing distributions of two samples. The obtained results indicate that the dynamics of groups of female runners is different than that of male runners. Also, a meaningful factor for the sha pe of the distribution is time limit set by the races organizers.

3

The Effects of Various Running Inclines on Three-Segment Foot Mechanics and Plantar Fascia Strain

100%

Sinclair J., Atkins S., Vincent H.

Human Movement

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 4

209-215

EN

Purpose. There has yet to be a combined analysis of three-dimensional multi-segment foot kinematics and plantar fascia strain in running gait at various degrees of inclination. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the above during treadmill running at different inclines (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). Methods. Twelve male participants ran at 4.0 m · s-1 in the four different inclinations. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot segments and plantar fascia strain were quantified for each incline and contrasted using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results and conclusions. The results showed that plantar fascia strain increased significantly as a function of running incline. Given the projected association between plantar fascia strain and the aetiology of injury, inclined running may be associated with a greater incidence of injury to the plantar fascia.

4

Sex Variation in Patellar Tendon Kinetics During Running

100%

Sinclair J., Taylor P. J.

Human Movement

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 2

60-63

EN

Purpose. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct patellar tendon loading patterns in relation to their male counterparts. Methods. Twelve male (age 26.55 ± 4.11 years, height 1.78 ± 0.11 m, mass 77.11 ± 5.06 kg) and twelve female (age 26.67 ± 5.34 years, height 1.67 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.28 ± 9.75 kg) runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m · s-1. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Patellar tendon loads were examined using a predictive algorithm. Sex differences in limb, knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests. Results. The results indicate that patellar tendon force (male = 6.49 ± 2.28, female = 7.03 ± 1.35) and patelllar tendon loading rate (male = 92.41 ± 32.51, female = 111.05 ± 48.58) were significantly higher in female runners. Conclusions. Excessive tendon loading in female runners indicates that female runners may be at increased risk of patellar tendon pathologies.

5

Relative Age Effect: A Systematic Discrimination against Biologically Younger Athletes

100%

Gioldasis A., Bekris E., Smirniotou A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 35

|

issue 3

27-40

EN

Physical differences associated with birth-date among athletes of the same selection year have been described as the Relative Age Effect (RAE). The aim of this study was to examine whether RAE still exists in soccer and running sport disciplines as well as to evaluate its progress among different gender, age, and sport context and if it has an effect on performance. Using official archives of the international sports’ associations (World Athletics-UEFA), birthdates and performance were collected for 7226 athletes (4033 males; 3198 females) who participated in soccer and running events. A chi-square test was used to assess differences between observed and expected birth date distributions. The study showed an over-representation of athletes born in the first quarter of the selection year for both soccer and running events. RAE is more obvious in younger age groups and in sports that require higher explosive speed, strength, power and anaerobic capacity such as soccer and short distance sprints. It was also found that RAE is associated with performance. In conclusion, athletes of younger age groups with greater biological age have a physical advantage in explosive sports (i.e. soccer and short distance running) that probably does not predict their future development.

6

Ultra Distance Running in View of Health and Amateur Sport

100%

Nowak P.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

37-41

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine opinions of runners regarding the effects of ultra distance running on their health.Basic procedures. The study sample was a group of 54 runners, participants of the Polish Supermarathon Championships in Kalisz. The method of diagnostic poll was applied using author's own questionnaire.Main findings. The majority of extreme distance runners stated they experienced no health problems; keeping fit was their main motivation to run long distances and since taking up running their health had improved. At the same time 36% of the interviewees admitted that running longer distances than the marathon length may have a negative impact on their health.Conclusions. Proper understanding of the principles of amateur and professional sport is the basis of safe physical activity. Amateur sport activity is correlated with a healthy lifestyle and positively affects the physical and psychosocial aspects of health. Simple forms of motor activity should be popularized in Poland as well as professional sport.

7

WHAT DOES POST-EXERCISE PROTEINURIA TELL US ABOUT KIDNEYS?

100%

Wołyniec W., Ratkowski W., Zorena K., Januszczyk J., Kuźbicka K., Urbański R., Tkachenko-Rita P., Renke M., Rachoń D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

93 - 100

EN

Objectives. Post exercise proteinuria (PEP) is found in about 20–40% of sportsmen after intensive exercise. Urinary NGAL is a new marker of tubulointerstitial kidney damage. The relationship between PEP and uNGAL has not been defined yet. In presented study a resting uNGAL as a predictor of PEP was analyzed. The changes of albuminuria after exercise were monitored to estimate a frequency and range of PEP. Methods. 40 amateur healthy runners (mean age 36.65 ±10.61 years) participating in 10-km run took part in the study. Before and after the competition urine was collected. NGAL, albumin and creatinine were subsequently measured in urine. uNGAL to creatinine ratio (NCR) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were calculated. Results. 28 participants (mean age 37.9 ±11.46, 19 M, 9 F) with uNGAL below 15 ng/ml before competition were analyzed. The increase of ACR was observed in every case. Mean post-exercise ACR was 104.55 ±123.1 mg/g and was significantly higher than pre-exercise ACR 6.33 ±5.86 mg/g (p < 0.0005). The positive correlation was found between resting NCR and post-exercise ACR (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Resting uNGAL positively correlated with PEP. The possible explanation of these findings is that persons with PEP had some early, occult tubulointersitial kidney damage. It is speculated that those runners have higher risk of chronic kidney disease.

8

A comparison of two aerobic training methods (running vs rope jumping) on health-related physical fitness in 10 to 12 years old boys

100%

Arazi H., Jalali-Fard A., Abdinejad H.

Physical Activity Review

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2016

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vol. 4

9-17

EN

The purpose of this study was to compare of two aerobic training methods on health-related physical fitness in 10 to 12 years old boys. Thirty-three male students (age 11.27±0.64 year, weight 40.58±9.03 kg, height 151.45±6.34 cm) were recruited from preliminary school and randomly were assigned into rope-jump training (n=12), running training (n=11) and control (n=10) groups. Due to the grouping, each for 8 weeks did the rope jumping or running. Before and after the 8-week training period, factors of health-related fitness, including flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic power and fat Percentage of the subjects were measured. The results indicated a significant positive effect of rope-jumping training on aerobic power, muscular endurance and body composition and meaningful improvement of aerobic power and body composition by running training (p≤0.05). Due to increasing urbanization and lack of space in homes and schools, rope-jump training can be a good alternative rather than running for physical fitness promotion.

9

Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

100%

Nimbarte A., Li L.

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EN

Purpose. In this study, the effect of added weights on the various force and time related characteristics of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the last five steps prior to walk-to-run transition was studied. Basic procedures. Experimental set up consisted of a force platform embedded treadmill. Sixteen college students performed experimental trials by carrying 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight. During each trial, after walking for about 30 seconds the speed of the treadmill was increased manually at a rate of 0.089 m/s/s (0.2 miles/hour) until the participant started running. Main findings. A significant interaction (weights × steps) was observed for the first peak of VGRF. The trough, second peak, impulse, and rate of force development of VGRF increased with added weights. During the last five walking steps, most of VGRF parameters changed in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions. Based on the behavior of VGRF parameters and manually recorded preferred transition speed values, we argue that the added weights would reduce the walk-to-run transition speed. We further speculate that a combination of transition determinants actively participate in the reorganization process during the last five walking steps, prompting the gait transition.

10

The Test-Retest Reliability of Anatomical Co-Ordinate Axes Definition for the Quantification of Lower Extremity Kinematics During Running

88%

Sinclair J., Taylor P. J., Greenhalgh A., Edmundson C. J., Brooks D., Hobbs S. J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 35

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issue 1

15-25

EN

Three-dimensional (3-D) kinematic analyses are used widely in both sport and clinical examinations. However, this procedure depends on reliable palpation of anatomical landmarks and mal-positioning of markers between sessions may result in improperly defined segment co-ordinate system axes which will produce in-consistent joint rotations. This had led some to question the efficacy of this technique. The aim of the current investigation was to assess the reliability of the anatomical frame definition when quantifying 3-D kinematics of the lower extremities during running. Ten participants completed five successful running trials at 4.0 m·s-1 ± 5%. 3-D angular joint kinematics parameters from the hip, knee and ankle were collected using an eight camera motion analysis system. Two static calibration trials were captured. The first (test) was conducted prior to the running trials following which anatomical landmarks were removed. The second was obtained following completion of the running trials where anatomical landmarks were re-positioned (retest). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare 3-D kinematic parameters quantified using the two static trials, and intraclass correlations were employed to examine the similarities between the sagittal, coronal and transverse plane waveforms. The results indicate that no significant (p>0.05) differences were found between test and retest 3-D kinematic parameters and strong (R2≥0.87) correlations were observed between test and retest waveforms. Based on the results obtained from this investigation, it appears that the anatomical co-ordinate axes of the lower extremities can be defined reliably thus confirming the efficacy of studies using this technique.

11

Appropriate Loads for Peak-Power During Resisted Sprinting on a Non-Motorized Treadmill

88%

Andre M. J., Fry A. C., Lane M. T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 38

161-167

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the load which allows the highest peak power for resisted sprinting on a non-motorized treadmill and to determine if other variables are related to individual differences. Thirty college students were tested for vertical jump, vertical jump peak and mean power, 10 m sprint, 20 m sprint, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to body weight, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM. Participants performed eight resisted sprints on a non-motorized treadmill, with increasing relative loads expressed as percent of body weight. Sprint peak power was measured for each load. Pearson correlations were used to determine if relationships between the sprint peak power load and the other variables were significant. The sprint peak power load had a mode of 35% with 73% of all participants having a relative sprint peak power load between 25-35%. Significant correlations occurred between sprint peak power load and body weight, lean body mass, vertical jump peak and mean power, leg press 1 RM, leg press 1 RM relative to lean body mass, leg press 1 RM power, and leg press power at 80% of 1 RM (r = 0.44, 0.43, 0.39, 0.37, 0.47, 0.39, 0.46, and 0.47, respectively). Larger, stronger, more powerful athletes produced peak power at a higher relative load during resisted sprinting on a nonmotorized treadmill.

12

Economic Impact of the 11th Douro Valley Half Marathon

88%

Carvalho M. J., Sousa M., Paipe G., Bavaresco G., Felipe J. L.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2018

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vol. 78

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issue 1

41-49

13

Ocena najczęstszych urazów narządu ruchu u biegaczy długodystansowych amatorów

63%

Cabak A., Cichocki P.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2020

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vol. 36(2)

101-106

EN

Background. Running in developed countries is a very common and easily accessible form of physical activity, its main goals include recreation and sport. The aim of the study was to assess the most common injuries in people regularly involved in amateur long-distance runs. Material and methods. 140 people, 79 women and 61 men aged 18-61, mainly residents of Warsaw, participated in the study. The mean age is 35.59 (SD 9.24). The data was collected by means of a questionnaire, survey method, and described in a qualitative manner without the use of statistical analyzes. Results and Conclusions. 91 of the 140 subjects suffered various injuries while running. The most common injuries in runners were to the foot and ankle area and included sprains (30%), tears (16%) and overloads (16%). Most of the runners undergo biological regeneration and almost half of them use self-massage. Regular jogging is a good form of taking care of health and almost all respondents would recommend it to other people.

PL

Wstęp. Bieganie w krajach rozwiniętych jest bardzo powszechną i łatwo dostępną formą aktywności fizycznej, jego głównym celem stała się rekreacja i sport. Celem pracy była ocena najczęściej występujących kontuzji/urazów u osób regularnie biegających w biegach długodystansowych w formie amatorskiej. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 140 osób, 79 kobiet oraz 61 mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 61 lat, głównie mieszkańcy Warszawy. Średnia wieku to 35,59 (SD 9,24). Dane zostały zebrane za pomocą ankiety, metodą sondażową, a opisane zostały w sposób jakościowy bez użycia analiz statystycznych. Wyniki i Wnioski. 91 badanych ze 140 doznało różnych kontuzji podczas biegania. Do najczęstszych urazów u biegaczy doszło w okolicy stopy i stawie skokowym, były to skręcenia (30%), naderwania (16%) i przeciążenia (16%). Większość osób biegających stosuje odnowę biologiczną w tym prawie połowa automasaż. Regularne bieganie stanowi dobrą formę dbania o zdrowie, prawie wszyscy badani polecili by ją innym osobom.

14

Wpływ ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych na zmianę obciążeń stóp podczas biegu

63%

Wroński Z., Noszczyk M., Hadamus A., Białoszewski D.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2018

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vol. 34(2)

81-87

EN

Background. Running is one of the most popular physical activities worldwide. There are many benefits of running, however, the data show correlation between running training and a high risk of injury. The im of the study was assessment of the effect of proprioception training on foot loading during running. Material and methods. 56 amateur runners (37 females and 19 males) participated in the project. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group performed standard warm up while the research group performed proprioceptive warm up. Before and after the warm up, gait parameters were assessed in both groups using FDM ZEBRIS h/p cosmos mercury med treadmill. Results. There were nosignificant changes in the following parameters: foot angle, step length, step width, lateral symmetry, the time of maximal pressure exerted on the forefoot and the heel, and maximal forefoot load in both groups. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in forefoot and heel maximal load and maximal ground reaction force exerted on the front foot, midfoot and heel was found in the training group. Forefoot maximal load time was significantly shorter (p<0.05) in the training group. No between-group differences were found. Conclusios. 1. Proprioception warm up decreases maximal loading forces in all foot regions and shortens forefoot foot maximal loading time, therefore it could be used to change foot loading patterns during running. 2. The study outcome indicates the need of further research on this topic with more participants, longer time and prospective observation of injury rate in study groups.

PL

Wstęp. Bieganie jest jedną z najpopularniejszych form aktywności fizycznej na całym świecie. Pomimo dowodów na zdrowotne korzyści biegania, obecne statystyki wskazują, że wiąże się ono z relatywnie wysokim ryzykiem urazów, których jedną z przyczym może być zaburzona propriocepcja. Celem pracy była ocena wpływu ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych na zmianę obciążania stóp podczas biegu i poprawę czucia głębokiego. Materiał i metody. Materiał badany stanowiło 56 biegaczy-amatorów (37 kobiet i 19 mężczyzn), podzielonych losowo na dwie grupy – wykonującą rozgrzewkę z elementami ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych oraz wykonującą rozgrzewkę standardową. Przed i po rozgrzewce dokonano pomiaru parametrów chodu na bieżni tensometrycznej. Wyniki. Nie wykazano istotnych zmian w następujących parametrach: kąt zewnętrzny stopy, długość kroku, szerokość kroku, boczna symetria, czas maksymalnego obciążenia śródstopia i pięty, maksymalne obciążenie śródstopia w żadnej z grup. Wykazano istotne zmniejszenie w grupie badanej maksymalnego obciążeniaprzodostopia i pięty oraz maksymalnej siły nacisku na przodostopie, śródstopie i piętę (p<0,05). Istotnemu skróceniu uległ czas maksymalnego obciążenia przodostopia w grupie badanej (p<0,05). W grupie kontrolnej nie odnotowano istotnych zmian. Wnioski. 1. Ćwiczenia propriocepcji zmniejszają wartość maksymalnego obciążenia i siły nacisku na wszystkie rejony stopy oraz skracają czas maksymalnego obciążenia przodostopia w trakcie biegu. Mogą zatem zostać wykorzystane do uzyskania zmiany w sposobie obciążania stopy w trakcie biegu. 2. Uzyskane wyniki stanowią podstawę do kontynuowania badań przez dłuższy okres wraz z udziałem liczniejszej grupy badanych oraz prospektywnej oceny urazowości w badanych grupach.

Refine search results

Sex Differences In Shock Attenuation During Running

Statistical Description of Arrival Sequences in Amateur Long-Distance Races

The Effects of Various Running Inclines on Three-Segment Foot Mechanics and Plantar Fascia Strain

Sex Variation in Patellar Tendon Kinetics During Running

Relative Age Effect: A Systematic Discrimination against Biologically Younger Athletes

Ultra Distance Running in View of Health and Amateur Sport

WHAT DOES POST-EXERCISE PROTEINURIA TELL US ABOUT KIDNEYS?

A comparison of two aerobic training methods (running vs rope jumping) on health-related physical fitness in 10 to 12 years old boys

Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

The Test-Retest Reliability of Anatomical Co-Ordinate Axes Definition for the Quantification of Lower Extremity Kinematics During Running

Appropriate Loads for Peak-Power During Resisted Sprinting on a Non-Motorized Treadmill

Economic Impact of the 11th Douro Valley Half Marathon

Ocena najczęstszych urazów narządu ruchu u biegaczy długodystansowych amatorów

Wpływ ćwiczeń proprioceptywnych na zmianę obciążeń stóp podczas biegu