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Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick

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EN
The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the influence of selected kinematic factors on the side kick technique. This issue is especially important in the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single strike may reveal the winner. Six taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes were asked to participate in this case study. Generally accepted criteria of sports technique biomechanical analysis were adhered to. The athletes executed a side kick three times (in Taekwon-do terminology referred to as yop chagi) in a way which they use the kick in board breaking. The obtained data were used to determine the mean velocity changes in the function of relative extension length of the kicking leg. The maximum knee and foot velocities in the Cartesian coordinate system were determined. The leg lifting time and the duration of kick execution as well as the maximum force which the standing foot exerted on the ground were also determined. On the basis of the obtained values, mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The correlation dependence (r=0.72) shows that greater knee velocity affects the velocity which the foot develops as well as the fact that the total time of kick execution depends on the velocity which the knee (r = -0.59) and the foot (r = -0.86) develop in the leg lifting phase. The average maximum speed was obtained at the length of the leg equal to 82% of the maximum length of the fully extended leg. This length can be considered the optimum value for achieving the maximum dynamics of the kick.
EN
Description and analysis of a sports technique in terms of its compliance with the principles of biomechanics and with regard to the efficiency of a given technique form the basis for the technical aspect of a training process, which is supposed to result in enhancement of athletes’ sports performance level. The study was based on 6 ITF Taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes (age 16.5±0.7 years; weight 64.1±7.0 kg; height 176.5±4.6 cm). The study relied on an Italian system called Smart-D, manufactured by BTS S.p.A., used for complex movement analyses. The system comprised six cameras reflecting infrared rays, which in real time located the markers fixed to the athlete’s body. In the present study the maximum velocity of the sonkal yop tearigi strike reached 13.00 ± 2.35 m/s. The velocity of the traditional fist strike seems to be lower. In this study the average maximum velocity was reached at the length of the arm being equal 92 % of the maximum length value. This length can be taken as the optimum value in this particular technique in order to achieve the maximum dynamics of the strike.
EN
There is much debate concerning the optimal load (OL) for power training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the number of sets performed for a given load on mean power output (Pmean). Fourteen physically active men performed 3 sets of 3 bench-press repetitions with 30, 40 and 50 kg. The highest mean power value (Pmax) across all loads and Pmean were compared when data were taken from the first set at each absolute load vs. from the best of three sets performed. Pmean increased from the first to the third set (from 5.99 ± 0.81 to 6.16 ± 0.96 W·kg−1, p = 0.017), resulting in a main effect of the set number (p < 0.05). At the 30 kg load Pmean increased from the first to the third set (from 6.01 ± 0.75 to 6.35 ± 0.85 W·kg−1; p < 0.01). No significant effect was observed at 40 and 50 kg loads (p > 0.05). Pmax and velocity were significantly affected by the method employed to determine Pmean at each load (p < 0.05). These results show a positive effect of the number of sets per load on Pmean, affecting Pmax, OL and potentially power training prescription.
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