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1

The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

100%

Lopes F. A. S., Panissa V. L. G., Julio U. F., Menegon E. M., Franchini E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 40

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issue 1

161-169

EN

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of active and passive recovery on blood lactate concentration and power performance. Twelve male subjects were submitted to a maximal strength test in the the bench press, a maximal aerobic test in the bench step, and to four sets of bench press exercise performed as fast and as long as possible, using 80% of maximal strength when active or passive recovery was performed. The maximum number of repetitions, mean and peak power in eccentric and concentric phases were computed and blood lactate concentration was measured. Comparisons for the variables were made using a two-way variance analysis (recovery type and set numer) with repeated measures in the second factor. When significant differences were detected (p < 0.05), a Tukey post-hoc test was used. There was a main effect of set number on maximum number of repetitions (p < 0.05) (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 3 and 4; 3 > 4). Mean and peak power in both eccentric and concentric phases also differed across sets (1 > 2, 3, and 4; 2 > 4). There was also a main effect for the recovery type, with lower values (p < 0.05) observed for the active recovery compared to the passive one. It can be concluded that active recovery resulted in lower lactate concentration, but did not improve power performance in the bench press exercise.

2

Power Training Efficiency After Single Joint and Multiple Joint Exercises

100%

Mastalerz A., Lutosławska G., Urbanik C.

Human Movement

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2009

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vol. 10

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issue 2

153-157

EN

Purpose. Single joint (open kinetic chain) and multiple joint (closed kinetic chain) exercises have been recommended in rehabilitation of patients with anterior knee pain. Single joint exercises are common exercises to strengthen selected muscle groups. The advantage of single joint exercises is a low risk of pain due to their limited technical complexity. Multiple joint exercises are more demanding from the standpoint of human motor performance. The efficiency of power training after single and multiple joint exercises was the aim of the study. Basic procedures. Forty eight men constituted the study sample (aged 22 ± 0.8 years, body weight - 78.3 ± 6.4 kg, body height 183 ± 5.6 cm). They were informed about the experimental procedure as well as the purpose of the study, and gave their consent to take part in the experiment. That study was approved by the local research ethics committee. After control measurements the participants were randomized into four groups (n = 12 each): two groups performing multiple joint exercises (A - jumps on an inclined plane, B - vertical jumps), and two single joint exercises (C - knee extensions with linear resistance load - elastic loads, D - knee extensions with inertial loads). The exercises were carried out in four-week exercise sessions, for five days a week. 4 sets of 10 reps (jumps or extensions) with 120-second intervals were applied during each session. The counter movement jump power (on a Kistler force plate with BioWare 4.0 software), during isokinetic knee motion at 240, 180, 60 and 30 deg/s (Biodex Medical System 3 Pro) and EMG (Mega Electronics System) of the Rectus Femoris and Vastus Lateralis muscles were recorded seven times (once before, three times during and three times after training). Main findings. The external load for single and multiple joint exercises was adjusted by individual power of motion. However the training volume (external work) was lowered twice during training with single joint exercises. Muscle force during isokinetic tests was significantly correlated with velocity achieved during training. Therefore the homogeneity of the movement structure between training and control exercises is required. Conclusions. Velocity of motion during exercise and time of muscle work are the most important factors determining efficiency of single- and multiple-joint exercises.

3

Training Effectiveness of the Inertial Training and Measurement System

100%

Naczk M., Brzenczek-Owczarzak W., Arlet J., Naczk A., Adach Z.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 44

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issue 1

19-28

EN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inertial training with different external loads using a new original device - the Inertial Training and Measurement System (ITMS). Forty-six physical education male students were tested. The participants were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group (C group). The training groups performed inertial training with three different loads three times weekly for four weeks. The T0 group used only the mass of the ITMS flywheel (19.4 kg), the T5 and T10 groups had an additional 5 and 10 kg on the flywheel, respectively. Each training session included three exercise sets involving the shoulder joint adductors. Before and after training, the maximal torque and power were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer during adduction of the shoulder joint. Simultaneously, the electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle was recorded. Results of the study indicate that ITMS training induced a significant increase in maximal muscle torque in the T0, T5, T10 groups (15.5%, 13.0%, and 14.0%, respectively). Moreover, ITMS training caused a significant increase in power in the T0, T5, T10 groups (16.6%, 19.5%, and 14.5%, respectively). The percentage changes in torque and power did not significantly differ between training groups. Electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle increased only in the T0 group after four weeks of training. Using the ITMS device in specific workouts allowed for an increase of shoulder joint adductors torque and power in physical education students.

4

The Acute Effect of Upper-Body Complex Training on Power Output of Martial Art Athletes as Measured by the Bench Press Throw Exercise

100%

Liossis L. D., Forsyth J., Liossis C., Tsolakis C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 39

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issue 1

167-175

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of upper body complex training on power output, as well as to determine the requisite preload intensity and intra-complex recovery interval needed to induce power output increases. Nine amateur-level combat/martial art athletes completed four distinct experimental protocols, which consisted of 5 bench press repetitions at either: 65% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with a 4 min rest interval; 65% of 1RM with an 8 min rest; 85% of 1RM with a 4 min rest; or 85% of 1RM with an 8 min rest interval, performed on different days. Before (pre-conditioning) and after (post-conditioning) each experimental protocol, three bench press throws at 30% of 1RM were performed. Significant differences in power output pre-post conditioning were observed across all experimental protocols (F=26.489, partial eta2=0.768, p=0.001). Mean power output significantly increased when the preload stimulus of 65% 1RM was matched with 4 min of rest (p=0.001), and when the 85% 1RM preload stimulus was matched with 8 min of rest (p=0.001). Moreover, a statistically significant difference in power output was observed between the four conditioning protocols (F= 21.101, partial eta²=0.913, p=0.001). It was concluded that, in complex training, matching a heavy preload stimulus with a longer rest interval, and a lighter preload stimulus with a shorter rest interval is important for athletes wishing to increase their power production before training or competition.

5

Somatotype Variables Related to Muscle Torque and Power in Judoists

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Lewandowska J., Buśko K., Pastuszak A., Boguszewska K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

21-28

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between somatotype, muscle torque and power output in judoists. Thirteen judoists (age 18.4±3.1 years, body height 178.6±8.2 cm, body mass 82.3±15.9 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Somatotype was determined using the Heath-Carter method. Maximal muscle torques of elbow, shoulder, knee, hip and trunk flexors as well as extensors were measured under static conditions. Power outputs were measured in 5 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts, 10 s each, at increasing external loads equal to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% of body weight. The Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between all parameters. The mean somatotype of judoists was: 3.5-5.9-1.8 (values for endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy, respectively). The values (mean±SD) of sum of muscle torque of ten muscle groups (TOTAL) was 3702.2±862.9 N × m. The power output ranged from 393.2±79.4 to 1077.2±275.4 W. The values of sum of muscle torque of right and left upper extremities (SUE), sum of muscle torque of right and left lower extremities (SLE), sum of muscle torque of the trunk (ST) and TOTAL were significantly correlated with the mesomorphic component (0.68, 0.80, 0.71 and 0.78, respectively). The ectomorphic component correlated significantly with values of SUE, SLE, ST and TOTAL (-0.69, -0.81, -0.71 and -0.79, respectively). Power output was also strongly correlated with both mesomorphy (positively) and ectomorphy (negatively). The results indicated that the values of mesomorphic and ectomorphic somatotype components influence muscle torque and power output, thus body build could be an important factor affecting results in judo.

6

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint Time

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Marques M., Gil H., Ramos R., Costa A., Marinho D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29

115-122

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between short sprint time (5 m) and strength metrics of the countermovement jump (CMJ) using a linear transducer in a group of trained athletes. Twenty-five male, trained subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Each volunteer performed 3 maximal CMJ trials on a Smith machine. Peak instantaneous power was calculated by the product of velocity taken with the linear transducer. For sprint testing, each subject performed three maximum 5 m sprints. Only the best attempt was considered in both tests. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between 5 m sprint performance and strength metrics of the CMJ were generally positive and of clear moderate to strong magnitude (r = -0.664 to -0.801). More noticeable was the significant predictive value of bar displacement time (r= ~0.70) to sprint performance. Nevertheless, a non-significant predictive value of peak bar velocity and rate of force development measurements was found. These results underline the important relationship between 5 m sprint and maximal lower body strength, as assessed by the force, power and bar velocity displacement. It is suggested that sprinting time performance would benefit from training regimens aimed to improve these performance qualities.

7

ACUTE EFFECTS OF A RESISTED DYNAMIC WARM-UP PROTOCOL ON JUMPING PERFORMANCE

100%

Cilli M., Gelen E., Yildiz S., Saglam T., Camur M.

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EN

This study aimed to investigate the kinematic and kinetic changes when resistance is applied in horizontal and vertical directions, produced by using different percentages of body weight, caused by jumping movements during a dynamic warm-up. The group of subjects consisted of 35 voluntary male athletes (19 basketball and 16 volleyball players; age: 23.4 ± 1.4 years, training experience: 9.6 ± 2.7 years; height: 177.2 ± 5.7 cm, body weight: 69.9 ± 6.9 kg) studying Physical Education, who had a jump training background and who were training for 2 hours, on 4 days in a week. A dynamic warm-up protocol containing seven specific resistance movements with specific resistance corresponding to different percentages of body weight (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) was applied randomly on non consecutive days. Effects of different warm-up protocols were assessed by pre-/post- exercise changes in jump height in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and the squat jump (SJ) measured using a force platform and changes in hip and knee joint angles at the end of the eccentric phase measured using a video camera. A significant increase in jump height was observed in the dynamic resistance warm-up conducted with different percentages of body weight (p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant difference in different percentages of body weight states was observed (p>0.05). In jump movements before and after the warm-up, while no significant difference between the vertical ground reaction forces applied by athletes was observed (p>0.05), in some cases of resistance, a significant reduction was observed in hip and knee joint angles (p<0.05). The dynamic resistance warmup method was found to cause changes in the kinematics of jumping movements, as well as an increase in jump height values. As a result, dynamic warm-up exercises could be applicable in cases of resistance corresponding to 6-10% of body weight applied in horizontal and vertical directions in order to increase the jump performance acutely.

8

Sex Differences in Growth and Performance of Track and Field Athletes 11-15 Years

88%

Malina R., Sławinska T., Ignasiak Z., Rożek K., Kochan K., Domaradzki J., Fugiel J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 24

79-85

EN

Objective: To evaluate sex differences in functional performances of youth track and field athletes.Methods: Four tests of functional capacity were administered to 309 youth 11-15 years training for track and field at sport schools, 136 boys and 173 girls. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were measured; height, weight and adiposity were also. Two age groups were compared, 11-13 and 14-15 years. ANCOVA was used to test sex differences by age group in the total sample (disciplines combined) and specific disciplines; age, height and weight were covariates.Results: For the total sample, males in both age groups performed better than females in the four tests but sex differences were greater among 14-15 year olds. Within disciplines, sex differences among sprinters and middle distance and distance runners were greater at 14-15 years. Results varied for general athletics; the magnitude of sex differences was similar for strength in both age groups, greater for the throw at 11-13 years and greater for the jump and sprint at 14-15 years.Conclusion: Although sex differences in performance were apparent among athletes 11-13 years, they were greater among athletes 14-15 years, reflecting to a large extent the male adolescent spurt in body size, muscle mass, strength and power. Sex differences were more established in sprinters and middle distance and distance runners, and more variable in participants in general athletics.

9

Physical effort ability in counter movement jump depending on the kind of warm-up and surface temperature of the quadriceps

88%

Adamczyk J. G., Boguszewski D., Siewierski M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 3

164-171

EN

Background: The aim of this research was an attempt at qualifying the influence of various kinds of warm-up on physical effort ability, as well as examining whether there exists any dependence between the surface temperature of the quadricipital muscle of the thigh and the power expressed with the height of counter movement jump (CMJ). Material/Methods: In the research thermographic imaging and dynamometric platform were used. The subjects performed the CMJ test in 3 separate sessions - without any warm-up and then after preparation (1st session - jogtrot; 2nd session - jogtrot and stretching exercises; 3 session - dynamic warm up exercises). Results: In the examined group there was no lineal dependence between the surface temperature of the quadriceps and the power expressed with the height of a jump. Regardless of the kind of the applied warm-up, subjects improved their own results in the CMJ test; however, no such regularity concerning the temperature rise on the surface of a muscle was observed. In a dynamic warm-up lower surface temperature of the quadriceps meant a higher value of CMJ (r=0.64; p<0.05). This warm-up proved to be most efficient in the preparation for effort. Conclusions: The fact that highest values of a jump and surface temperature were attained after various kinds of warm-up permits supposing that finding individual forms of preparation for effort by an athlete, in order to increase the competition efficiency, is possible.

10

Biomechanical Analysis of the Jump Shot in Basketball

88%

Struzik A., Pietraszewski B., Zawadzki J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 42

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issue 1

73-79

EN

Basketball players usually score points during the game using the jump shot. For this reason, the jump shot is considered to be the most important element of technique in basketball and requires a high level of performance. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limbs during a jump shot without the ball and a countermovement jump without an arm swing. The differences between variables provide information about the potential that an athlete can utilise during a game when performing a jump shot. The study was conducted among 20 second-league basketball players by means of a Kistler force plate and the BTS SMART system for motion analysis. The variables measured included the take-off time, mean power, peak power, relative mean power, jump height, maximum landing force and calculated impact ratio. Surprisingly, more advantageous variables were found for the jump shot. This finding suggests a very high performance level in the jump shot in the studied group and a maximum utilisation of their motor abilities. Both types of jumps were characterised by high mean and peak power values and average heights. The high forces at landing, which result in considerable impact ratios, may have prompted the studied group to land softly. Use of the countermovement jump without an arm swing is recommended to assess and predict the progression of player’s jumping ability

11

Isokinetic Leg Strength and Power in Elite Handball Players

88%

González-Ravé J. M., Juárez D., Rubio-Arias J. A., Clemente-Suarez V. J., Martinez-Valencia M. A., Abian-Vicen J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 1

227-233

EN

Isokinetic strength evaluation of the knee flexion and extension in concentric mode of contraction is an important part of the comprehensive evaluation of athletes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the isokinetic knee peak torque in both the extension and flexion movement in the dominant and non-dominant leg, and the relationship with jumping performance. Twelve elite male handball players from the top Spanish handball division voluntary participated in the study (age 27.68 ± 4.12 years; body mass 92.89 ± 12.34 kg; body height 1.90 ± 0.05 m). The knee extensor and flexor muscle peak torque of each leg were concentrically measured at 60°/s and 180°/s with an isokinetic dynamometer. The Squat Jump and Countermovement Jump were performed on a force platform to determine power and vertical jump height. Non-significant differences were observed between legs in the isokinetic knee extension (dominant= 2.91 ± 0.53 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 2.70 ± 0.47 Nm/kg at 60°/s; dominant = 1.90 ± 0.31 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.83 ± 0.29 Nm/kg at 180°/s) and flexion peak torques (dominant = 1.76 ± 0.29 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.72 ± 0.39 Nm/kg at 60°/s; dominant = 1.30 ± 0.23 Nm/kg vs non-dominant = 1.27 ± 0.35 Nm/kg at 180°/s). Low and non-significant correlation coefficients were found between the isokinetic peak torques and vertical jumping performance (SJ = 31.21 ± 4.32 cm; CMJ = 35.89 ± 4.20 cm). Similar isokinetic strength was observed between the legs; therefore, no relationship was found between the isokinetic knee flexion and extension peak torques as well as vertical jumping performance in elite handball players.

12

The Effect of a Simulated Basketball Game on Players’ Sprint and Jump Performance, Temperature and Muscle Damage

88%

Pliauga V., Kamandulis S., Dargevičiūtė G., Jaszczanin J., Klizienė I., Stanislovaitienė J., Stanislovaitis A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 46

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issue 1

167-175

EN

Despite extensive data regarding the demands of playing basketball, the relative importance of factors that cause fatigue and muscle potentiation has been explored only tentatively and remains unclear. The aim of this experimental field study was to assess changes in leg muscle power and relate these changes to body temperature modifications and indices of exercise-induced muscle damage in response to a simulated basketball game. College-level male basketball players (n=10) were divided into two teams to play a simulated basketball game. Ten-meter sprint and vertical counter-movement jump tests, core body temperature and creatine-kinase activity were measured within 48 h after the game. The participants’ body temperatures increased after a warm-up (1.9%, p<0.05), continued to increase throughout the game, and reached 39.4 ± 0.4°C after the fourth quarter (p<0.05). The increase in temperature during the warm-up was accompanied by an improvement in the 10-meter sprint time (5.5%, p<0.05) and jump height (3.8%, p<0.05). The players were able to maintain leg power up to the fourth quarter, i.e., during the major part of the basketball game. There was a significant increase in creatine-kinase at 24 h (>200%, p<0.05) and 48 h (>30%, p<0.05) after the game, indicating damage to the players’ muscles. The basketball players’ sprint and jump performance appear to be at least in part associated with body temperature changes, which might contribute to counteract fatigue during the larger part of a basketball game.

13

Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

88%

Malina R., Ignasiak Z., Rożek K., Sławińska T., Domaradzki J., Fugiel J., Kochan K.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 1

31-40

EN

Objective. To evaluate the growth, maturity and functional characteristics of female sport school participants 11 - 15 years of age. Material and methods. The sample included 200 girls aged from 10.55 to 15.42 years. The majority (173) trained in track and field. Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Athletes were compared by menarcheal status and track and field discipline with MANCOVA. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, height, weight and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, 11 - 13 years and 14 - 15 years. Results. Median age at menarche was 12.99 ± 1.11 years. None of the functional tests differed between pre- and post-menarcheal athletes 13 years, while only grip strength differed between late and early maturing athletes 14 - 15 years. Height, weight and % Fat, but no performance items differed among track and field athletes by discipline. Team and individual sport athletes were heavier, fatter and stronger than track and field athletes but the latter performed better in the sprint and jump. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group. Conclusions. Trends in body size of female athletes attending sport schools were generally consistent with observations for female athletes in several sports. Percentages of variance explained in functional indicators were greater in athletes 11 - 13 than 14 - 15 years of age.

14

The Effects Of Swimming And Dry-Land Resistance Training Programme On Non-Swimmers

88%

Sadowski J., Mastalerz A., Gromisz W., Jówko E., Buszta M.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 1

35-40

EN

Introduction. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of combined swimming and dry-land resistance training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in non-swimmers. Material and methods. Thirty male non-swimmers took part in the research. They were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: experimental (n=17) and control (n=13). The experimental group took part in combined swimming and dry-land resistance training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The swimming and dry-land resistance training programme lasted twelve weeks (48 training sessions of swimming and 36 sessions of dry-land resistance training). Average training volume and intensity were the same for all swimmers throughout the study protocol. The training programme included dominant aerobic work in front crawl. Results. Dry-land resistance training applied in the experimental group significantly improved the upper body strength. In spite of the theory that dry-land strength training is probably not specific enough to improve the sprint swim performance, the experimental group tended to demonstrate greater improvement in sprint performance. The imitation of the underwater phase of shoulder work during front crawl provided by the ergometer can be a useful training method in non-swimmers.

15

Specific Measurement of Tethered Running Kinetics and its Relationship to Repeated Sprint Ability

75%

Sousa F., Reis I. d., Ribeiro L., Martins L., Gobatto C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 49

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issue 1

245-256

EN

Repeated sprint ability has been widely studied by researchers, however, analysis of the relationship between most kinetic variables and the effect of fatigue is still an ongoing process. To search for the best biomechanical parameter to evaluate repeated sprint ability, several kinetic variables were measured in a tethered field running test and compared regarding their sensitivity to fatigue and correlation with time trials in a free running condition. Nine male sprint runners (best average times: 100 m = 10.45 ± 0.07 s; 200 m = 21.36 ± 0.17 s; 400 m = 47.35 ± 1.09 s) completed two test sessions on a synthetic track. Each session consisted of six 35 m sprints interspersed by 10 s rest under tethered field running or free running conditions. Force, power, work, an impulse and a rate of force development were all directly measured using the sensors of a new tethered running apparatus, and a one-way ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc test used to verify differences between sprints (p < 0.05). Pearson product-moment correlation measured the relationship between mechanical variables and free running performance. A total impulse, the rate of force development and maximum force did not show significant differences for most sprints. These three variables presented low to moderate correlations with free running performance (r between 0.01 and -0.35). Maximum and mean power presented the strongest correlations with free running performance (r = -0.71 and -0.76, respectively; p < 0.001), followed by mean force (r = -0.61; p < 0.001) and total work (r = -0.50; p < 0.001). It was concluded that under a severe work-to-rest ratio condition, power variables were better suited to evaluating repeated sprint ability than the other studied variables.

16

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

75%

Rynkiewicz M., Żurek P., Biernacki J., Pokrywka K., Rynkiewicz T.

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vol. 26

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issue 2

57-65

EN

The objectives of this study were to see if the general performance of kayakers depends on the level of their specific preparation and to identify the parameters of general preparedness that determine specific preparation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the result of a specific test: paddling over a 2000-m distance. Group 2 included kayakers whose paddling time did not exceed ±1 SD for the whole sample, while group 1 included the best athletes with paddling times shorter than –1 SD and group 3 individuals who needed more than +1 SD to cover the 2000-m distance. The study included 55 junior flatwater kayakers, represented various sports classes. All athletes manifested a similar level of endurance running, power and endurance pull and push barbell, 30 m running tests. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from sitting position of at 29%, 45% and 66% in each group and paddling for 2000 m time. All athletes manifested a similar level of general fitness preparation. The only differing characteristic between all groups was the level of asymmetry in distance of ball throw from a sitting position.

17

The Importance of Movement Velocity as a Measure to Control Resistance Training Intensity

75%

González-Badillo J., Marques M., Sánchez-Medina L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29A

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issue Special Issue

15-19

EN

Configuration of the exercise stimulus in resitance training has been traditionally associated with a combination of the so-called ‘acute resistance exercise variables’ (exercise type and order, loading, number of repetitions and sets, rests duration and movement velocity). During typical resistance exercise in isoinertial conditions, and assuming every repetition is performed with maximal voluntary effort, velocity unintentionally declines as fatigue develops. However, few studies analyzing the response to different resitance training schemes have described changes in repetition velocity or power. It thus seems necessary to conduct more research using models of fatigue that analyze the reduction in mechanical variables such as force, velocity and power output over repeated dynamic contractions in actual training or competition settings. Thus, the aim of this paper was to discuss the importance of movement velocity concerning control training intensity.

18

Strength Training and Detraining in Different Populations: Case Studies

75%

Marques M., Zajac A., Pereira A., Costa A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 29A

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issue Special Issue

7-14

EN

Many researchers have demonstrated that a specific strength training program can improve maximal strength and, the rate of force production, reduce the incidence of muscle-skeletal injury, and contribute to faster injury recovery times, thereby minimizing the number of missed practice sessions or competitions. Yet, to our best knowledge, there is no apparent consensus on the appropriate method of muscle strength and power training to enhance performance in distinct populations groups. Interruptions in training process because of illness, injury, holidays, post-season break or other factors are normal situations in any kind of sport. However, the detraining period and its consequences are not well reported in sports literature, and namely during puberty. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to discuss several case studies concerning different populations such us physical students, age-swimming competitors and elite power athletes.

19

A New Approach of an Error Detecting and Correcting Circuit by Arithmetic Logic Blocks

75%

Kavitha S., Hashim F. H., Kamal N.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2019

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vol. 65

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issue 2

20

A 5.5 μW 42 nV/√Hz Chopper stabilized Amplifier for Biomedical Application with Input Impedance Enhancement

75%

Adesara A., Naik A., Adesara A., Naik A.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2021

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vol. 67

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issue 3

Refine search results

The Effect of Active Recovery on Power Performance During the Bench Press Exercise

Power Training Efficiency After Single Joint and Multiple Joint Exercises

Training Effectiveness of the Inertial Training and Measurement System

The Acute Effect of Upper-Body Complex Training on Power Output of Martial Art Athletes as Measured by the Bench Press Throw Exercise

Somatotype Variables Related to Muscle Torque and Power in Judoists

Relationships Between Vertical Jump Strength Metrics and 5 Meters Sprint Time

ACUTE EFFECTS OF A RESISTED DYNAMIC WARM-UP PROTOCOL ON JUMPING PERFORMANCE

Sex Differences in Growth and Performance of Track and Field Athletes 11-15 Years

Physical effort ability in counter movement jump depending on the kind of warm-up and surface temperature of the quadriceps

Biomechanical Analysis of the Jump Shot in Basketball

Isokinetic Leg Strength and Power in Elite Handball Players

The Effect of a Simulated Basketball Game on Players’ Sprint and Jump Performance, Temperature and Muscle Damage

Growth, Maturity and Functional Characteristics of Female Athletes 11 - 15 Years of Age

The Effects Of Swimming And Dry-Land Resistance Training Programme On Non-Swimmers

Specific Measurement of Tethered Running Kinetics and its Relationship to Repeated Sprint Ability

Comparison of the General Fitness Level in Junior Kayakers with Different Sports Level Running title: Comparison of the fitness level in kayakers

The Importance of Movement Velocity as a Measure to Control Resistance Training Intensity

Strength Training and Detraining in Different Populations: Case Studies

A New Approach of an Error Detecting and Correcting Circuit by Arithmetic Logic Blocks

A 5.5 μW 42 nV/√Hz Chopper stabilized Amplifier for Biomedical Application with Input Impedance Enhancement