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1

Posturography studies in patients with central and mixed vertigo Summary

100%

Fedorowicz J., Bielińska M., Olszewski J.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2018

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vol. 72

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issue 3

19-25

EN

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the results of posturography in patients with central and mixed vertigo. Material and methods: 50 patients (40 female and 10 male) aged between 26-47 complaining of vertigo were examined during their hospitalization in the Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical University of Lodz in 2014. The subjects were divided into two groups: I – 26 patients (23 female and 3 male) with central vertigo, II – 24 patients (17 female and 7 male) with mixed vertigo. The control group (III) consisted of 26 subjects, students and graduates of Lodz Universities, aged from 19 to 30, that did not complain of vertigo. The subjects were qualified to particular groups based on videonystagmography results. The examinations were conducted with “BioSway portable balance system” by Biodex. Results: In tests on a stable surface, with both closed and opened eyes, subjects with mixed vertigo coped slightly better. In tests on a sponge surface, subjects with central vertigo coped better. Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it may be concluded that the ability to keep balance in subjects with central and mixed vertigo is on average three times lower than in population not suffering from vertigo episodes.

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Posturography studies in patients with central and mixed vertigo Summary

100%

Fedorowicz J., Bielińska M., Olszewski J.

Otolaryngologia Polska

|

2018

|

vol. 72(3)

19-25

EN

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the results of posturography in patients with central and mixed vertigo. Material and methods: 50 patients (40 female and 10 male) aged between 26-47 complaining of vertigo were examined during their hospitalization in the Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical University of Lodz in 2014. The subjects were divided into two groups: I – 26 patients (23 female and 3 male) with central vertigo, II – 24 patients (17 female and 7 male) with mixed vertigo. The control group (III) consisted of 26 subjects, students and graduates of Lodz Universities, aged from 19 to 30, that did not complain of vertigo. The subjects were qualified to particular groups based on videonystagmography results. The examinations were conducted with “BioSway portable balance system” by Biodex. Results: In tests on a stable surface, with both closed and opened eyes, subjects with mixed vertigo coped slightly better. In tests on a sponge surface, subjects with central vertigo coped better. Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it may be concluded that the ability to keep balance in subjects with central and mixed vertigo is on average three times lower than in population not suffering from vertigo episodes.

3

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part I Postural control evaluation in modified Clinical Test for The Sensory Interaction on Balance in 6–17 old year children (mctsib)

88%

Orendorz-Frączkowska K., Kubacka M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2020

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vol. 74(1)

29-35

EN

Introduction: Proper development of postural control in children is connected with the maturation of the central nervous system, development of sensory organisation with appropriate use of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular information as well as reactions and postural strategy which allow the maintenance of balance in changeable environmental conditions. Developmental disturbances in this particular area is reflected in postural disfunctions and the assessment of these disfunctions and disturbances needs referring to normative values of the healthy population of children. Aim: Examination of postural control development in children aged 6–17 years. Material: 127 healthy children were tested (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6–17 years. Method: Laryngological investigation, medical history interview, audiometry and tympanometry were conducted in all children. In the evaluation of postural control (mCTSIB-modified Clinical Test For The Sensory Interaction On Balance) a computer posturography system was used (Balance Master Neurocom). R esults: Further development of postural control was found in healthy children up to the age of 13 years of age. The development was not linear but showed transient characteristics with a faster development stage between the age of 6–7 and 8–9. Better postural control in girls, particularly the youngest, in comparison with boys was noticed. C onclusions: 1. The values of norm postural control in posturographic test mCTSIB in children aged 6–17 was established. In this test postural control development was completed in children before 13 year and it was not linear. 2. Due to gender differences it seems appropriate to use separate norms in order to evaluate the development of postural control in boys and girls.

4

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

88%

Orendorz-Frączkowska K., Kubacka M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

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2020

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vol. 74(4)

18-24

EN

Introduction: The ability to Reach quickly to changing external stimuli, to move the body quickly and precisely in any direction and to maintain the centre of gravity above the support base, all contribute to maintaining balance in dynamic conditions. The Limits of Stability Test (LOS) provides information on the state of dynamic equilibrium in a standing position. Aim : Assessment of dynamic postural control in developmental age. Material : 127 healthy children (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6 – 17years. Methods: All children underwent LOS test (posturograph NeuroCom) with registration of reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), directional control (DCL) , maximum excursion (MXE) and endpoint excursion (EPE). Results: At the age of 6-7 years, not fully developed jumping strategy and visual feedback mechanism in the control of movement were observed. All tested parameters were significantly worse in children aged 6 – 9 years. After this period, a significant improvement in TR and MVL was observed, with no significant changes in subsequent age groups while significant improvement in MXE up to 12 , EPE and DCL up to 13 years of age was noted. No significant gender differences were fund in the LOS test parameters. Conclusions: 1 The LOS test showed significantly lower dynamic balance development in children aged 6 – 7 years. 2 The study showed a significant improvement in all parameters of the LOS test up to 13 years of age, which supports the termination of the function at that time.

5

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

88%

Orendorz-Frączkowska K., Kubacka M.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

|

2020

|

vol. 74

|

issue 4

18-24

EN

Introduction: The ability to Reach quickly to changing external stimuli, to move the body quickly and precisely in any direction and to maintain the centre of gravity above the support base, all contribute to maintaining balance in dynamic conditions. The Limits of Stability Test (LOS) provides information on the state of dynamic equilibrium in a standing position. Aim : Assessment of dynamic postural control in developmental age. Material : 127 healthy children (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6 – 17years. Methods: All children underwent LOS test (posturograph NeuroCom) with registration of reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), directional control (DCL) , maximum excursion (MXE) and endpoint excursion (EPE). Results: At the age of 6-7 years, not fully developed jumping strategy and visual feedback mechanism in the control of movement were observed. All tested parameters were significantly worse in children aged 6 – 9 years. After this period, a significant improvement in TR and MVL was observed, with no significant changes in subsequent age groups while significant improvement in MXE up to 12 , EPE and DCL up to 13 years of age was noted. No significant gender differences were fund in the LOS test parameters. Conclusions: 1 The LOS test showed significantly lower dynamic balance development in children aged 6 – 7 years. 2 The study showed a significant improvement in all parameters of the LOS test up to 13 years of age, which supports the termination of the function at that time.

6

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part I Postural control evaluation in modified Clinical Test for The Sensory Interaction on Balance in 6–17 old year children (mctsib)

88%

Orendorz-Frączkowska K., Kubacka M.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

|

2020

|

vol. 74

|

issue 1

29-35

EN

Introduction: Proper development of postural control in children is connected with the maturation of the central nervous system, development of sensory organisation with appropriate use of proprioceptive, visual, vestibular information as well as reactions and postural strategy which allow the maintenance of balance in changeable environmental conditions. Developmental disturbances in this particular area is reflected in postural disfunctions and the assessment of these disfunctions and disturbances needs referring to normative values of the healthy population of children. Aim: Examination of postural control development in children aged 6–17 years. Material: 127 healthy children were tested (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6–17 years. Method: Laryngological investigation, medical history interview, audiometry and tympanometry were conducted in all children. In the evaluation of postural control (mCTSIB-modified Clinical Test For The Sensory Interaction On Balance) a computer posturography system was used (Balance Master Neurocom). R esults: Further development of postural control was found in healthy children up to the age of 13 years of age. The development was not linear but showed transient characteristics with a faster development stage between the age of 6–7 and 8–9. Better postural control in girls, particularly the youngest, in comparison with boys was noticed. C onclusions: 1. The values of norm postural control in posturographic test mCTSIB in children aged 6–17 was established. In this test postural control development was completed in children before 13 year and it was not linear. 2. Due to gender differences it seems appropriate to use separate norms in order to evaluate the development of postural control in boys and girls.

7

Changes in Somatic Parameters and Dynamic Balance in Female Rhythmic Gymnasts Over a Space of Two Years

75%

Poliszczuk T., Broda D., Poliszczuk D.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2012

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vol. 19

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issue 4

240-245

EN

Introduction. Body build and the ability to maintain balance play an important role in the development and improvement of specialised motor habits and complex technical elements necessary to achieve significant sporting results in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the level of ability to maintain dynamic balance and in the construction of somatic young female rhythmic gymnasts during a period of two year training. Material and methods. The research material consisted of 13 girls. When the first measurements were taken gymnasts were aged 7 - 12 years. In the study we utilised posturography and the Heath-Carter Anthropometric Somatotype Method. The analysis of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in the values of the dynamic balance indicators of the gymnasts' bodies in all three consecutive measurements over a course of years. Results and conclusions. It was noted that as the young gymnasts progressed in their training, their ability to maintain dynamic balanced increased. Based on the characteristics of the model, we developed an exemplary set of dynamic balance of rhythmic gymnasts. The somatotype of the tested athletes surveyed had been changing in the direction of increase in the proportion of components of endomorphy and mesomorphy. The balance ability of rhythmic gymnasts stabilised during their puberty associated with changes in body proportions ratio i.e.: height, weight and somatotype. The results and conclusions drawn can be an important part of selection and choice and can be used to control the dynamic balance in rhythmic gymnastics.

8

The effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with vertigo and balance dysfunction caused by vestibular disorders evaluated using computerized dynamic posturography. A preliminary report

75%

Jaczewska J., Zaleski M.

Medical Rehabilitation

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2011

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vol. 16(2)

9-15

PL

Wstęp: Obecnie coraz większą uwagę przywiązuje się na świecie do specjalistycznej rehabilitacji pacjentów z zawrotami głowy i zaburzeniami równowagi pochodzenia otolaryngologicznego. W Polsce wciąż istnieje niewiele instytucji, które oferują taką formę leczenia. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności ćwiczeń ruchowych stosowanych w terapii zawrotów głowy i zaburzeń równowagi wywołanych dysfunkcją układu przedsionkowego. Dodatkowe cele stanowiła analiza parametrów określających stabilność posturalną oraz zbadanie czy wiek ma wpływ na powstawanie kompensacji w układzie przedsionkowym. Materiał i metody: W badaniu udział wzięła wybrana losowo grupa 50 pacjentów (40 kobiet i 10 mężczyzn, w wieku 20-85 lat) leczonych w Instytucie Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu w Warszawie z powodu zawrotów głowy i/lub zaburzeń równowagi. Badani wykonywali ćwiczenia dostosowane indywidualnie do stopnia progresji choroby przez okres 4-20 tygodni. W celu zbadania efektu rehabilitacji wykorzystano metodę komputerowej posturografii dynamicznej (test organizacji sensorycznej). Do opracowania statystycznego wyników zastosowano test znaków rangowanych Wilcoxona. Za istotną statystycznie przyjęto wartość p < 0,05. Wyniki: Ogólną poprawę stabilności stwierdzono u 90% pacjentów. W badanej grupie istotnie poprawiła się równowaga oraz zmniejszyły deficyty przedsionkowy, wzrokowy, somatosensoryczny oraz „wzrokozależność”. Nie stwierdzono istotnej różnicy pod względem efektów rehabilitacji pomiędzy badanymi grupami wiekowymi. Wnioski: 1) Specjalistyczna rehabilitacja ruchowa wpłynęła w badanej grupie na poprawę stabilności posturalnej niezależnie od wieku pacjentów; 2) Uzyskane wyniki stanowią podstawę do kontynuacji prospektywnych, randomizowanych badań na liczniejszych grupach pacjentów.

EN

Background: Vestibular rehabilitation has become popular and widely used in many countries in the management of patients with vertigo, dizziness and disequilibrium. In Poland there are still only a few institutions that offer such a form of treatment.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercises in the treatment of vertigo and balance disorders caused by vestibular dysfunction, to analyse the parameters defining postural stability and to determine whether age has an impact on the process of vestibular compensation. Material and methods: Participants of this study were 50 randomly chosen patients (40 women and 10 men, aged 20-85) treated for vertigo and balance disorders in the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Warsaw. The subjects completed an individually designed rehabilitation program for a period of 4 to20 weeks. In order to assess the effect of rehabilitation, computerized dynamic posturography (sensory organization test) was used. For the statistical analysis the Wilcoxon test was performed. Statistical significance was assumed at a level of 0.05.Results: Overall improvement in stability was observed in 90% of patients. The balance of participants significantly improved. The vestibular and visual deficits significantly decreased. There was no difference in the results between the age groups.Conclusion: 1) Vestibular rehabilitation had an influence on the improvement in postural stability of patients and age did not affect the results; 2) Our results are the basis for continuing prospective randomized research with a larger number of patients.

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The applications of posturography in selected neurological disorders

63%

Oczadło A., Kowacka U., Lewicka B., Matusik E.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2023

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issue 77

158-165

EN

Posturography is one of the objective methods of evaluating human balance. Human balance is the ability to maintain a vertical center of mass (COM) in the support area (base of support – BOS). COM in a homogeneous gravitational field coincides with the center of gravity (COG). The postural control system (PCS) maintains the COG projection in the support area and counteracts the external forces (gravity and inertia force) that destabilize the posture of the human body. Minimizing body deflection is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS). External stimuli are received through visual, atrial, proprioceptive and exteroceptive systems. The information is transmitted to the CNS, which, means of the feedback system, controls the motion system to minimize the risk of falls. The aim of this work is to present the types of posturography: static, dynamic, and follow-up posturography, their use in the objective diagnosis of imbalances, as a tool for rehabilitation and for monitoring the progress of treatment in Parkinson’s disease and patients after stroke.

PL

Posturografia jest jedną z obiektywnych metod służących do oceny układu równowagi człowieka. Równowaga człowieka to zdolność do utrzymywania pionowego rzutu środka masy ciała (center of mass – COM) w polu powierzchni podparcia (base of support – BOS). COM w jednorodnym polu grawitacyjnym pokrywa się z rzu-tem środka ciężkości ciała (center of gravity – COG). System kontroli postawy (postural control system – PCS) utrzymuje rzut COG w BOS oraz przeciwdziała siłom zewnętrznym (sile grawitacji i bezwładności), które wpły-wają destabilizująco na postawę ciała człowieka. Minimalizowanie wychwiań kontrolowane jest przez ośrodkowy układ nerwowy (central nervous system – CNS). Poprzez narządy przedsionkowy i wzroku oraz eksteroreceptory i proprioreceptory odbierane są bodźce zewnętrzne. Informacje o nich przekazywane są do CNS, który poprzez reakcje zwrotne steruje układem ruchu tak, by minimalizować ryzyko upadków. Celem pracy jest zaprezentowanie trzech typów badań posturograficznych: statycznego, dynamicznego i nadążnego, a także przedstawienie zastosowań posturografii do obiektywnej diagnostyki zaburzeń równowagi oraz jako metody służącej do rehabilitacji i monitorowania postępów terapii w chorobie Parkinsona oraz u osób po udarze mózgu.

10

Evaluation of Postural Stability in Patients with Parkinson Disease

63%

Kłoda M., Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka G., Grzegorzewska J., Białoszewski D.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2013

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vol. 27

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issue 1

1-7

EN

Introduction: Postural instability is important element of clinical presentation of patients with Parkinson disease. Objective of study was stabilometric evaluation of posture of patients with PD in comparison with healthy ones. Material and methods: 43 patients with PD and 46 healthy persons entered the study. TecnoBody platform was used for stabilometric assessment. Posture stability assessment was performed with and without patient’s sight control. Patients with PD were tested in “on” mode. Results: The results of open eyes test in patients with PD were: P-T speed 11,86 ± 12,5 m/s, P-B speed 8,49±7,4 m/s, perimeter 385,3±368,2mm, ellipse field 388,58 ±658,6mm2. Results obtained in the eyes closed test were: P-T speed 20,44±18 m/s, P-B speed 13,09±10,5 m/s, perimeter 637,21 ±530,9mm, ellipse field 756,16±888,7mm2. Results in healthy controls in open eyes test were: P-T speed 5,23±2 m/s, P-B speed 4,26±1,7 m/s, perimeter 176,67 ±66mm, ellipse field 100,23 ±71,1mm2. Fairly results obtained in eyes shut test were: P-T speed 10,28±4,4 m/s, P-B speed 5,91±3 m/s, perimeter 296,26 ±123,9mm, ellipse field 218 ±140,7mm2. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) between groups in all four stabilometric parameters in both tests were recorded. Conclusions: 1. Increased deflection of body’s center of gravity in patients with PD causes imbalance which may be a reason of any falls. 2. Positive correlation was observed between age and perimeter values in control group in tests with eyes closed and opened. The correlation was not observed in tested group.

11

Postural stability of women at the age of 8-22 on the basis of posturographic examinations

63%

Mraz M., Nowacka U., Skrzek A., Mraz M., Dębiec-Bąk A., Sidorowska M.

|

2010

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vol. 18

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issue 2

35-43

PL

Kontrola postawy ciała jest przejawem bardzo precyzyjnej koordynacji nerwowo-mięśniowej wszystkich segmentów ciała, dzięki której człowiek utrzymuje równowagę w każdych warunkach. Postawę człowieka charakteryzuje pionowe ustawienie osi ciała względem małej płaszczyzny podparcia, co powoduje niestabilność posturalną. Dlatego stała regulacja postawy ciała przez system kontroli postawy zapewnia jej stabilność. Postawa ciała człowieka oraz jej stabilność ulegają modyfikacji wraz z rozwojem osobniczym, czyli podczas wzrostu, rozwoju, dojrzewania oraz starzenia się. Celem pracy jest ocena stabilności posturalnej dziewczą w wieku 8-22 lat na podstawie wielkości parametrów posturograficznych. Badania sprawności działania układu równowagi wykonano zestawem pomiarowym - Posturograf firmy Pro-Med. Badanie wykonano z kontrolą wzrokową i po zamknięciu oczu. Analizie poddano wielkość pola powierzchni stabilogramu, wskaźnik oscylacji COP oraz długość stabilogramu. Uzyskano zróżnicowany obraz stabilności postawy ciała w badanych grupach. Wzrost wielkości parametrów posturograficznych zaobserwowano u ośmiolatek, natomiast zmniejszenie u dziewcząt 15-16-letnich oraz 20-22-letnich. Tym samym wykazano istotnie słabszą stabilność postawy ciała w pozycji stojącej 8-letnich dziewczynek. Zbadano również udział płaszczyzny czołowej i strzałkowej w oscylacji COP. Analiza ta wykazała zróżnicowanie wskaźnika WCOP oraz normalizację wychwiań ciała podczas utrzymania równowagi w pozycji stojącej u kobiet 20-22-letnich. Posturograficzna ocena stabilności posturalnej dzieci, młodzieży i osób dorosłych (kobiet) wykazała w tych grupach wieku dynamikę zmian w procesie utrzymywania równowagi w pozycji stojącej.

EN

Posture control is a manifestation of very precise neuro-muscular coordination of all body segments which allows maintaining of body balance in any conditions. Body posture is characterized by the position of the vertical axis of the body in relation to the fulcrum which causes postural instability. Therefore permanent posture control by means of the posture control system is necessary to maintain stability. Body posture as well as its stability undergo modifications along with individual development, that is during growth, development, puberty and aging. The aim of the study was to evaluate postural stability of women aged 8-22 on the basis of posturographic parameters. The efficiency of the balance system was evaluated with the use of a measuring device - Pro-Med posturograph. The testing was carried out in women aged 8-22, divided into three age groups. The posturographic test was performed with open and closed eyes. The stabilogram surface area, oscillation index COP, as well as the length of the stabilogram were analysed. The achieved image of postural stability was diversified. An increase of posturographic parameters was noticed in 8 years old girls and a decrease in 15-16 years old girls and 20-22 years old women. Thus, significantly poorer postural stability in standing position was observed in the 8 year-olds. The role of the frontal and sagittal plane in COP oscillation was also examined. That analysis revealed diversity of WCOP index and normalisation of body sways while maintaining balance in standing position in 20-22 years old women. The posturographic evaluation of postural stability in children, youths and adults (women) revealed in those age groups the dynamics of changes in the process of maintaining balance while standing.

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Posturography studies in patients with central and mixed vertigo Summary

Posturography studies in patients with central and mixed vertigo Summary

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part I Postural control evaluation in modified Clinical Test for The Sensory Interaction on Balance in 6–17 old year children (mctsib)

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part I Postural control evaluation in modified Clinical Test for The Sensory Interaction on Balance in 6–17 old year children (mctsib)

Changes in Somatic Parameters and Dynamic Balance in Female Rhythmic Gymnasts Over a Space of Two Years

The effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with vertigo and balance dysfunction caused by vestibular disorders evaluated using computerized dynamic posturography. A preliminary report

The applications of posturography in selected neurological disorders

Evaluation of Postural Stability in Patients with Parkinson Disease

Postural stability of women at the age of 8-22 on the basis of posturographic examinations