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COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL HYDROPHILIC AND LIPOPHILIC MEMBRANES AND HUMAN SKIN TO EVALUATE NIACINAMIDE PENETRATION IN VITRO

100%
Nowak A., Church M. K., Duchnik W., Różewicka-Czabańska M., Bielecka-Grzela S., Prowans P., Pietriczko J., Czapla N., Bargiel P., Klimowicz A.
Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research
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2020
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vol. 77
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issue 2
271-279
EN
The evaluation of skin penetration of active substances from topical preparations is a pre-clinical requirement in the pharmaceutical industry. While in vitro preparations of human or animal skin are frequently used the development of artificial lipophilic and hydrophilic membranes with similar properties to human or animal skin need to be developed. This preliminary study compared the in vitro permeation of niacinamide (vitamin B3), which is used as a model drug, across artificial hydrophilic and lipophilic membranes with iv vitro penetration across human skin. The experiments were carried out in Franz diffusion cells. Artificial membranes were filter paper impregnated with either collodium (hydrophilic), stearic acid, cetyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol + cholesterol (lipophilic). Acidic and neutral hydrogel and emulsion (pH 5.4 and 7.4) containing 0.5% of niacinamide were applied to membranes for up to 4 hours. Niacinamide permeated hydrophilic better than lipophilic membranes. There were no significant differences between the cumulated amounts of niacinamide that penetrated artificial lipophilic membranes consisting of, stearic acid, cetyl alcohol and cholesterol as compared with human skin in vitro. Also, hydrogel and emulsion solvents gave similar results. In conclusion, these artificial membranes seem to be a promising alternative to human or animal skin.
2
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Monte Carlo study of medium-energy electron penetration in aluminium and silver

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Aydın A., Peker A.
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issue 2
361-366
EN
Monte Carlo simulations are very useful for many physical processes. The transport of particles was simulated by Monte Carlo calculating the basic parameters such as probabilities of transmitted–reflected and angular-energy distributions after interaction with matter. Monte Carlo simulations of electron scattering based on the single scattering model were presented in the medium-energy region for aluminium and silver matters. Two basic equations are required the elastic scattering cross section and the energy loss. The Rutherford equation for the different screening parameters is investigated. This scattering model is accurate in the energy range from a few keV up to about 0.50 MeV. The reliability of the simulation method is analysed by comparing experimental data from transmission measurements.
3
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Evaluation of dysphagia among patients with chronic cough

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Jamróz B., Pabian M., Walczak J., Milewska M., Grabczak E., Marta D., Niemczyk K.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2018
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vol. 7(2)
1-7
EN
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in patients with chronic cough. Material and methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients. All patients underwent physical examination, ENT assessment, functional phoniatric assessment at rest and speech, Water-Swallow Test (WST), and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing Disorders (FEES). Furthermore, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT 10) questionnaires were performed. Results: Results of the RSI and EAT 10 questionnaires showed the risk of reflux and dysphagia in participating patients. WST positive results increase with water volume. Patients presented episodes of spillage, double swallows, penetration, aspiration and residue of food at the hypopharynx. Functional examination showed decrease of laryngeal elevation (33%) and hypertension of external laryngeal muscles. Conclusions: Results of the study showed prevalence of dysphagia in most patients with chronic chough. It seems that phoniatric assessment in those cases should be expanded and FEES examination should comprise an important part.
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Fiberoendoscopic Evaluation of swallowing - FEES: procesure with an assesment questionare

86%
Jamróz B., Walczak J., Milewska M., Niemczyk K.
Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny
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2018
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vol. 7(3)
1-8
EN
Endoscopic examination of swallowing FEES (fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing) belongs to basic instrumental examinations used in diagnostics of oropharyngeal dysphagia. It consists of three parts: I. Evaluation of the anatomy and physiology of the throat and larynx; II. Assessment of drinking and eating liquids and foods with different consistencies; III. Evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic maneuvers. The work aims to present the test procedure and the form used to describe it.
5
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Selected aspects of numerical analysis of layered flexible structures subjected to impact of soft core projectile

81%
Morka A., Kędzierski P., Gieleta R., Morka A., Kędzierski P., Gieleta R.
Archive of Mechanical Engineering
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 1
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