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PL
W sesji uczestniczyli prof. Caroline Verbeke z Zakładu Patologii Uniwersytetu w Oslo oraz prof. Marcus Wolfgang Büchler z Kliniki Chirurgii Ogólnej, Gastroenterologicznej i Transplantacyjnej Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Heidelberg w Niemczech. Uczestnicy omawiali zagadnienie chirurgii raka trzustki w odniesieniu do radykalności leczenia.
EN
Seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors are one of the most important proteins involved in perception of extracellular stimuli and regulation of variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Divergence of receptor types, their ligands and signaling pathways makes 7TM receptors important factors in pathology of many diseases. This review focused on the main diseases in which involvement of 7TM receptors was established e.g., retinitis pigmentosa, severe obesity, and dwarfism. Recent findings of aberrant expression of 7TM receptors in development of cancer were also summarized.
EN
The session participants were Prof. Caroline Verbeke from The Department of Pathology of Oslo University and Prof. Marcus Wolfgang Büchler from the Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery at the University Hospital Heidelberg. The participants discussed the problem of surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer with regard to radicality.
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Myosins and pathology: genetics and biology.

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EN
This article summarizes current knowledge on the genetics and possible molecular mechanisms of human pathologies resulted from mutations within the genes encoding several myosin isoforms. Mutations within the genes encoding some myosin isoforms have been found to be responsible for blindness (myosins III and VIIA), deafness (myosins I, IIA, IIIA, VI, VIIA and XV) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (β cardiac myosin heavy chain and both the regulatory and essential light chains). Myosin III localizes predominantly to photoreceptor cells and is proved to be engaged in the vision process in Drosophila. In the inner ear, myosin I is postulated to play a role as an adaptive motor in the tip links of stereocilia of hair cells, myosin IIA seems to be responsible for stabilizing the contacts between adjacent inner ear hair cells, myosin VI plays a role as an intracellular motor transporting membrane structures within the hair cells while myosin VIIA most probably participates in forming links between neighbouring stereocilia and myosin XV probably stabilizes the stereocilia structure. About 30% of patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have mutations within the genes encoding the β cardiac myosin heavy chain and both light chains that are grouped within the regions of myosin head crucial for its functions. The alterations lead to the destabilization of sarcomeres and to a decrease of the myosin ATPase activity and its ability to move actin filaments.
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