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EN
Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent pathology diagnosed in patients with pancreatic mass lesions, and it must be differentiated into benign and inflammatory tumors.The aim of the study was to define the efficacy of ultrasound, computed tomography (US/CT) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the assessment of pancreatic mass lesions.Material and methods. The study population comprised 150 consecutive patients with heterogeneous pancreatic mass lesions treated at our department between 1999 and 2004. Imaging examinations with US/CT and FNAB were carried out in all the patients. The final nature of the tumor was established based on histopathology in patients who underwent surgery or based on the follow-up course in patients who were not referred to surgical exploration. The sensitivity and specificity of US/CT and FNAB were calculated by comparing the clinical diagnosis resulting from US/CT interpretation and FNAB results obtained before treatment with the final diagnosis.Results. FNAB appeared to be a safe and relatively simple procedure with no remarkable complications. Malignant tumors were finally diagnosed in 99 (66%), and benign were finally diagnosed tumors in 51 (34%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 90% and 77.3% for US/CT and 86.9% and 100% for FNAB, respectively.Conclusions. The imaging examination with US/CT is a relatively reliable method for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic mass lesions. A positive FNAB has still remained the most accurate diagnostic method.
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vol. 13
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issue 53
178-191
EN
The differential diagnosis of the focal lesions in the region of the pancreas is difficult due to the similarity of clinical and radiological pictures of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. This paper presents the most common causes of errors in ultrasound diagnosis of pancreatic pathologies. Attention was paid to the errors resulting from the structural variants of the pancreas and those caused by the neighborhood of intestine, stomach and other organs or vessels. Moreover, the article presents mistakes in the interpretation of ultrasound images of normal pancreas as well as its inflammatory and neoplastic lesions. The errors and mistakes in question were divided into three categories: 1) mistakes related to the anatomical structure of the pancreas (anatomical variants, echostructure and echogenicity, course of the splenic artery); 2) mistakes related to anatomical structures localized in the vicinity of the pancreas (caudate lobe of the liver, other organs and intestinal loops surrounding the head of the pancreas, vessels and bile ducts, lymph nodes in the region of the pancreas or duodenal diverticula and tumors); 3) mistakes related to the pathologies of the pancreas (inflammatory and neoplastic lesions including differentiation between inflammatory tumors and malignant masses). In spite of the progress of imaging techniques, the differential diagnosis of focal solid lesions remains the prime problem of imaging examinations of the pancreas. The major aim of the ultrasound examination is early detection of pancreatic neoplasm. Improper performance of the examination or a failure to perform a repeated scan when the conditions for the assessment of the pancreas are not favorable or, what is worse, description of normal pancreas when it is not clearly and entirely visible, constitute errors.
PL
Diagnostyka różnicowa zmian ogniskowych w obrębie trzustki jest trudnym zadaniem ze względu na podobieństwo obrazów klinicznych i radiologicznych zmian nowotworowych i nienowotworowych. W pracy przedstawiono najczęstsze przyczyny pomyłek w diagnostyce ultrasonograficznej chorób trzustki. Zwrócono uwagę na błędy wynikające z odmian budowy trzustki oraz spowodowane sąsiedztwem przylegających jelit, żołądka i innych narządów czy naczyń krwionośnych. Omówiono pomyłki w interpretacji obrazów ultrasonograficznych prawidłowej trzustki oraz jej zmian zapalnych i nowotworowych. Omawiane błędy podzielono na trzy kategorie: 1) pomyłki związane z budową anatomiczną trzustki (warianty budowy, echostruktury i echogeniczności, przebieg tętnicy śledzionowej); 2) pomyłki związane ze strukturami anatomicznymi zlokalizowanymi w pobliżu trzustki (płat ogoniasty wątroby, inne narządy oraz pętle jelitowe otaczające głowę trzustki, naczynia i przewody żółciowe, węzły chłonne w okolicy trzustki czy guzy i uchyłki dwunastnicy); 3) pomyłki związane z chorobami trzustki (zmiany zapalne i nowotworowe, w tym różnicowanie guza zapalnego ze zmianą nowotworową). Pomimo rozwoju technik obrazowania najważniejszym problemem badania obrazowego trzustki pozostaje diagnostyka różnicowa zmian ogniskowych o litej strukturze. Podstawowym celem badania ultrasonograficznego jest wczesne wykrycie nowotworu trzustki. Nieprawidłowe przeprowadzenie badania, zaniechanie badania powtórnego przy istniejących złych warunkach oceny trzustki, oraz, co gorsza, opisanie prawidłowej trzustki, która nie była w całości dobrze widoczna, jest błędem.
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