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1
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A Pattern of Efficiency of Actions in Soccer Based on Observations of the European Championships 2008 Finals

100%
Szwarc A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
|
2009
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vol. 1
|
issue 1
79-85
EN
Background: The purpose of this work was to present a model which shows the efficiency of the actions in the game of soccer, based on observations of 7 final tournament matches during the European Championships in 2008. The successful teams were analyzed from the quarterfinals to the final match. Activity, effectiveness and reliability, during both offensive and defensive actions, were subject to this examination.Material/Methods: The material consisted of the audio-visual records gathered from 7 matches which had been played in the final tournament in the 2008 European Championships. The gathered data was put on the special observation sheet in accordance with the Panfil's design.Results: It has been ascertained that the most effective actions are those of possessing the ball and the actions of gaining the field, while the rate of scoring goals is similar to that which had been observed during finals in other top soccer tournaments. Additionally, in the defensive actions the best players manifest higher reliability in co-operation than in individual actions.Conclusions: In the top-level competitions, group/team actions prevailed over individual ones. The examined players manifested nearly the same efficiency in scoring like those who took part in the finals of the World and continental championships. The players regarded as champions made use of various individual actions against their opponents with a ball, depending on the implemented game tasks.The models which illustrate the efficiency of actions in soccer, at the top-level competition should be used for creating ideal models which will design the game of players of lower sport competence.
2
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The Efficiency Model of Goalkeeper's Actions in Soccer

88%
Szwarc A., Lipińska P., Chamera M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 2
132-138
EN
Background: The purpose of this paper was to present cognitive models illustrating efficiency of the goalkeeper's actions in soccer based on observation of play in selected matches of the Euro 2008 finals.Material/Methods: The observation method was used in the study. The play of both goalkeepers was analysed in 7 soccer matches in a cup phase of the European Championships which took place in Portugal in 2008. The data was recorded on the authors' observation forms. Activity, effectiveness and reliability during both offensive and defensive actions were subject to this examination.Results: It was revealed that most actions of the goalkeeper are aimed at taking control of the field of play or keeping possession of the ball; creating goal scoring opportunity represents only a small percentage of offensive actions. Defensive actions are generally performed individually and the highest reliability is reported while catching the ball.Conclusions: Efficiency models of goalkeepers' actions should be used to create models of play for players representing a lower level of sports competence in order to improve the effectiveness of their game play. One should continue further study to improve a research tool so as to evaluate other, important from the point of view of the game's objectives, actions definitely dependent on team mates' behavior.
3
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The Efficiency of Players of Action-Effective Football Teams in One against One Situations

88%
Szwarc A., Kromke K., Lipińska P.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2012
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vol. 4
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issue 2
104-109
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the efficiency of action-effective football players in one against one situations (1×1).Material/Methods: The game of winning teams' players was observed in four matches and two semi-final meetings of the European Championships tournament in 2004 and 2008. Visual recording was monitored using a freeze-frame function and data about the players' game were recorded on observation sheet by Szwarc. The activity, effectiveness and reliability of individual offensive and defensive actions were estimated.Results: It was found that on average players of the best teams in Europe participated in 216 1×1 battles (from 184 to 273) in one game, with an average reliability of 52%.Conclusions: Furthermore, it was proved that players-champions engaged equally often and with the same effectiveness in both individual defensive measures and offensive actions.
4
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Breast fibroadenomas: a review in the light of current literature

88%
Salati S. A.
Polish Journal of Surgery
|
2021
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vol. 93
|
issue 1
40-48
EN
Introduction: Fibroadenomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the breast in the adolescent females accounting for about 2/3rd of all the breast lumps and more than half of all the biopsied breast lesions. They come into being due to overgrowth of glandular tissue under the influence of hormonal changes that the girls undergo at the time of puberty. Due to the wide prevalence of fibroadenomas and the psychosocial morbidity associated with the finding of a breast mass, it is imperative for physicians treating adolescent patients to be thoroughly familiar and updated with this disease. Aim: The article aims at providing a brief review of the classification, presentation, diagnosis, and update on the management of breast fibroadenomas on the basis of recent literature.
5
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DIFFERENTIATED ANALYSIS OF OFFENSIVE ACTIONS BY FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN SELECTED MATCHES FROM THE EURO 2008

75%
Buraczewski T., Cicirko L., Gawlik D.
|
2013
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vol. 20
|
issue 3
188-193
EN
Introduction. Football training should be organized in view of the requirements of contemporary sports and should be analyzed based on data obtained by observing the best teams in action. The goal of this study was to compare the frequency and effectiveness of selected tactical and technical actions performed by footballers from winning and losing teams in selected matches from the Euro 2008. Material and methods. The study involved close observation of performances by 166 players from 11 countries in 8 matches (Turkey-Czech Republic 3:2; Turkey-Switzerland 2:1; Italy- France 2:0; Holland-France 4:1; Sweden-Greece 2:0; Spain-Sweden 2:1; Germany-Portugal 3:2; Spain-Germany 1:0). The total amount of game observation time equaled 720 minutes. Analysis was conducted by repeatedly viewing DVDs of matches and coding the results on a detailed observational spreadsheet containing a detailed breakdown of offensive actions such as attempting goals, passing the ball or 1v1 attacking. Results and conclusions. Analysis showed that winning teams were more effective in seven out of eight indexes, i.e.: overall effectiveness in offense, effectiveness in attempting goals, overall effectiveness in passing, effectiveness in passing in easy situations, and effectiveness in 1v1 attacking. Losing teams were more effective solely in the index for passing in difficult situations.
6
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In-situ automatic observations of ice thickness of seas

75%
Dou Y., Chang X.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
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2012
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issue 3
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