Search results

1

Selected nutritional behaviors and the level of physical activity of high school students

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Ratajczak J., Rucińska K., Kolbowicz M., Zalewski T.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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vol. 31

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issue 3

59-74

EN

The aim of the study was to assess selected nutritional behaviors and the level of physical activity of high school students in the West Pomeranian Voivodship. The research included questionnaires regarding the consumption of breakfast, detailing school days and weekends, the amount of vegetables, fruit, sweets and sugary drinks consumed, as well as questions about physical activity during school and extracurricular classes, intensity of exercises and participation of parents in joint sport. Anthropometric measurements were performed including: body weight, height, BMI, fat mass, lean mass, muscle mass. Body composition analysis was based on the bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA). There were many irregularities in the way students were eating: lack of breakfast, too little consumption of vegetables and fruits and frequent consumption of sweets and sugary drinks. Physical activity in the majority of students was at a correct level. Despite the nutritional mistakes made, the average BMI of the tested students was correct.

2

DIVERSITY OF NUTRITION AMONG MALE AND FEMALE UKRAINIAN STUDENTS

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Bergier J., Bergier B., Anatolii T.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 4

23-31

EN

Adequate nutrition is one of the most important factors of a good state of health. The objective of the study was recognition of the mode of nutrition and behaviours related with concern about silhouette among students from the Ukraine. Materials and Method. The study was conducted in 2013 among 2,125 students, including 1,291 females and 834 males, from 12 study specialties at the National University in Lutsk. The method of a diagnostic survey was applied with the use of a questionnaire. The study showed significant differences in the regularity of consumption of meals to the benefit of males. Females, in their behaviours, more frequently avoided eating, felt fear of gaining weight, and lost control over eating. With respect to behaviours related with concern about silhouette, females significantly more often applied exercises in order to reduce body weight, while males in order to gain body weight. A positive behaviour in both sexes was a trace application of drugs and other pharmacological means to improve own silhouette.

3

Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania

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Baranauskas M., Stukas R., Tubelis L., Žagminas K., Šurkienė G., Dobrovolskij V., Jakubauskienė M., Giedraitis V. R.

Open Medicine

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2014

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vol. 10

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issue 1

EN

Background: With environmental pollution increasing, interest in organic farming and organic foodstuffs has been growing all over the world. Data on organic food consumption by Lithuanian athletes is not yet available. This lack of data determined the aim of this study: to identify the particulars of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Methods: In September–November 2012, we polled 158 of the best-performing athletes of the Olympic sports team through direct interviews. An approved questionnaire was used to identify the specifics of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. Results: The survey results showed that 97% of athletes consume organic foodstuffs, and 80% of athletes highlighted the positive impact of organic food on health. Nevertheless, a slim majority of athletes (51.7%) consume organic foodstuffs seldomly, 2–3 times per week. The range of organic foodstuffs consumed depends on the gender of athletes, and the consumption of some products depends on monthly incomes. Conclusions: Survey results confirm the need for the production and expansion of the variety of organic foodstuffs. In the course of the development of the organic food market, it should be beneficial for manufacturers to target high-performance athletes and physically active people.

4

Evaluation of the relationship of the climbing level of sport climbers with selected anthropometric indicators and diet composition

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Przeliorz-Pyszczek A., Gołąbek K., Regulska-Ilow B.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 4

15-26

EN

Climbing is becoming more and more popular. During 2020 Olympic Games this discipline will be competed for the first time. Individualized diet plays a significant role among representatives of all sport disciplines. The aim of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the level of advancement of sport climbers, selected anthropometric indicators and diet composition. The study involved 36 women and 65 men practicing sport climbing who completed the food record and the survey on the most difficult climbing routes completed. Anthropometric measurements were collected. In the group of men statistically significant, positive correlation between the climbing level and the diet content of fiber, vitamin E, potassium, iron, zinc, and copper, was observed. In the group of women, a statistically significant positive correlation between the climbing level and the participation of vitamin C, potassium, magnesium and copper in the diet was observed. There was a positive correlation of protein, vitamin B2, B6, B12, D, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and copper content, and negative correlation between SFA content per 1,000 kcal of the diet and the climbing level of study participants. No statistical correlation was found between anthropometric parameters and advancement level.

5

Prevalence, attitudes and motivations concerning dietary supplements in sport intake among medical students

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Brożyna K., Gąsławska-Kupisz A., Marzęda A., Tkaczyk J., Rutkowska A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 28

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issue 4

67-74

EN

Nowadays, because of irregular lifestyle, high level of stress dietary supplements (DS) are becoming more popular as a source of needful nutrients among millions of people all over the world. The main purpose of present study was to estimate prevalence of dietary supplement consumption in sport, motivation in DS usage and sources of information. Anonymous self-administered questionnaire was spread among students of medical faculty in the end of their fourth year of study. There were 218 students of the fourth year of the Medical Faculty, of which 60.1% were females and 39.9% were males. Males more often used or had been using dietary supplements than females. The most popular dietary supplement was whey protein. The most common aim among men was to build up muscle mass. It is possible to state conclusions that prevalence of using dietary supplement among students is similar to values reported previously in the literature. Males were definitely more often undertaking physical activity in the gym and that could be the reason why they were definitely more often using specific dietary supplements.

6

Diet-Derived MicroRNAs: Separating the Dream from Reality

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Cottrill K. A., Chan S. Y.

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issue 1

EN

Background: Both pleiotropic and ubiquitous, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert control over a wide range of cellular functions. They have been detected in virtually every extracellular fluid in the mammalian body, and many circulate substantial anatomical distances in plasma. Thus, secreted miRNAs are valuable not only as diagnostic tools but also may serve as novel biological effectors that can be transmitted between source and recipient tissue. Design: This review will discuss the possibility of delivering functional miRNAs from exogenously derived dietary sources. We will examine prior research interrogating the existence and relevance of such a mechanism. Findings: Recent findings have reported cross-kingdom transfer of specific plant-derived miRNAs to mammalian tissue following consumption of plant-based foods. These exogenous miRNAs were reported to be active in the recipient organisms, directing changes in gene expression at distant organ sites. In spite of this, subsequent studies have been unable to find evidence of substantial exogenous diet-derived miRNAs in mammalian circulation or tissues, regardless of diet. Conclusion: Further examination of diet-derived miRNA uptake is ongoing, but it does not appear that horizontal delivery of miRNAs via normal dietary intake is a generalizable or frequent process to maintain robust expression of these miRNAs in most higher-order animal organisms.

7

Nutritional Principles of Adolescent Swimmers

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Ferens K., Przeliorz-Pyszczek A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2019

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vol. 25

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issue 1

51-61

EN

Adolescence is a period between age 10 and 19. Intensive changes associated with the development of the organism influence the nutritional needs during this period. Young swimmers’ training is characterized by large volume, so their diet can play an important role in their results and future career. The energy intake of a developing athlete should be determined individually based on gender, anthropometric measurement, character, and number of workouts per day. The frequent presence of drowsiness and fatigue during training may indicate insufficient dietary energy supply. Dehydration exceeding 2% of body weight should be prevented. Isotonic drinks should only be consumed during training longer than 75 minutes. Young swimmers should consume adequate amounts of carbohydrates to restore glycogen reserves before another training unit. Carbohydrates with a high glycemic index of 1-1.2 g/kg b.w./h should be delivered during the post-training period. Immediately following training, a meal containing a complete protein should be consumed to accelerate post-exercise recovery. The total protein supply should be at least 1.2 g/kg b.w./h. The minimum intake of fat in the diet of a young swimmer should be 2 g/kg lean b.w. It is recommended to limit products containing large amounts of saturated fatty acids.

8

The Emergence of eSports Nutrition: A Review

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Ribeiro F. J., Viana V. M., Borges N. P., Teixeira V. H.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2021

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vol. 33

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issue 1

81-95

EN

Peak cognitive performance is of paramount importance for the sports and competitive activities that depend on a high level of cognitive performance, such as eSports. The popularity of eSports has increased rapidly in recent years and will probably continue to rise in the forthcoming years. Above all, eSports practitioners require higher levels of cognitive abilities and motor skills for optimal performance and may benefit from adequate body composition and proper nutrition, as happens with more traditional athletes. However, there is a noticeable shortage of scientific knowledge in this area, including in nutritional-related aspects. Therefore, the objective of this non-systematic review is to summarize the nutritional strategies that may enhance health, cognitive performance, decrease reaction time and minimize fatigue. This information may be relevant for eSports competitors and set a base for further investigations, which could ultimately lead to the establishment of nutritional recommendations specific for this competitive population.

9

Results of home parenteral nutrition in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease – an alternative for surgery of malnourished patients

88%

Turkot M., Sobocki J.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2017

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vol. 89(5)

23-28

EN

Introduction: In the world, the inflammatory bowel disease affects an increasing number of younger and younger patients, and in some of them parenteral nutrition is an alternative to high-risk surgical intervention due to advancement of the disease and malnutrition. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the results of home parenteral nutrition in patients with severe bowel inflammatory disease, in whom surgical treatment is associated with high risk of complications. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 46 patients, who received home parenteral nutrition instead of another surgical intervention. The inclusion criteria included home parenteral nutrition and diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Results: Mean number of complications requiring hospital admission per patient was 1.76, the BMI increased by 4.3 on average [kg/m2]. During parenteral nutrition, the percentage of patients, in whom anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressant drugs were completely discontinued, was 17.4%. In the whole group, at least one immunosuppressive drug was discontinued in onefifth of patients. Mean albumin level increased by 2.4 g/L, lymphocyte count dropped by 474 lymphocytes/mm3, and leukocyte count increased by 747.6/mm3. The patients described their condition as good in 87%, and 7.4% of patients were able to work. Conclusions: Home parenteral nutrition positively affects patient’s general condition by increasing BMI and normalizing biochemical test results. The results indicate the need to consider this method as an alternative to surgical intervention in severe bowel inflammatory disease with high perioperative risk, which could reduce the complication rate.

10

ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY INTAKE AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AMONG RUGBY UNION PLAYERS

88%

Żyła K., Stachura J., Różańska D.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2014

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vol. 8

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issue 4

35-46

EN

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the energy, macronutrient an selected micronutrient intake of second league Rugby Union players and to assess the anthropometric characteristic of this group. Players (n = 44) were divided into forwards (n = 20) and backs (n = 24), who differed significantly in weight (92.6 vs 80.8 kg), BMI (28.6 vs 24.5 kg/m2) and percentage of body fat (22.0 vs 13.3%). The dietary intake was assessed using 3-day dietary recalls. There were no significant differences in dietary intake related to player position. Athletes reported a mean daily energy intake of 3613.4 ±942.6 kcal (carbohydrates 41.4%, protein 17.8%, fats 39.3%). The mean intake of carbohydrates and protein were on a level of 4.8 and 1.9 g/kg of body weight/day, respectively. Although the mean daily intake of minerals and vitamins met recommendations, some players did not reach the requirements, especially for potassium (61.4%) and vitamin C (22.7%). The differences in body compositions of the players suggest differences in the type of training and the specificity of the player’s position. These improper proportions of dietary nutrients within the study group may decrease opportunities to achieve optimum results during matches.

11

The role of B vitamins in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration

88%

Figurska M.

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issue 3

183-189

EN

In recent years, the importance of B vitamins as biologically active nutrients with potential effects preventing the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration has been analysed. This work is a review of the current literature from the last 10 years, dealing with the subject of the properties of B vitamins and research providing epidemiological data on its intake and plasma concentration and their impact on the disease in patients with macular degeneration. The review confirms the important beneficial role of B vitamins in limiting the development and progression of macular degeneration. Although further randomized trials are needed to evaluate diet and determine selected plasma antioxidants over a longer, at least several years’ period while taking into account a number of risk factors for modifiable and determine selected plasma antioxidants over a longer, at least several years’ period while taking into account a number of risk factors for modifiable and non-modifiable macular degeneration.

12

Dietary Pattern and its Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density in Girls and Boys with Cystic Fibrosis – preliminary report

88%

Sands D., Mielus M., Umławska W., Lipowicz A., Oralewska B., Walkowiak J.

Developmental Period Medicine

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2015

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issue 1

105-113

EN

Background: Nutrition influence on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients survival is well documented and dietary therapy is one of basic elements of their treatment. Prolonged survival of CF patients might yet emerge comorbidities, which include bone mineral disease. The aim: The assessment of the dietary pattern and its relationship between bone density in boys and girls with cystic fibrosis. Material and methods: 89 patients aged 10-18 years from 3 Polish CF Centres were included into the study. To obtain a knowledge about quality of diet, a 3-day food record was assessed and percent of recommended for CF patients intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus was counted. Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (L1-L4) was measured and expressed as a Z-score. To assess nutritional status, anthropometric measurements was evaluated (body weight, height and BMI). Descriptive methods, Mann-Whitney test, T-Student test, Spearman correlation and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: The patients with cystic fibrosis did not meet specific for CF nutritional guidelines. A deficiency in recommended intake was observed in energy (88%), protein (82%), calcium (78%) and vitamin D3 (71%). The intake of phosphorus was higher than recommended (142%). A nutritional status was significantly reduced, as compared with the reference group (p<0.001). Boys characterized significantly lower body weight (p=0.019) and height (p=0.036) than girls as well as worse caloric (p=0.023) and carbohydrates intake (p=0.005). However, girls had reduced vitamin D3 content in their diet (p<0.001). The bone mineral density in the whole group was reduced and Z-score amounted to -0.95±1.17. Tendency to decreasing of BMD with age was observed. BMI showed important correlation with bone mineral density both in girls (p<0.001) and in boys (p=0.020). Conclusion: CF patients do not follow specific for them dietary recommendations and essential differences were observed between girls and boys. Nutritional status (BMI) showed correlation with bone mineral density in CF patients. Therefore intensive nutritional therapy according to recommendations is needed.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Wpływ żywienia na długość życia chorych z mukowiscydozą (ang. Cystic Fibrosis − CF) jest dobrze udokumentowany, a postępowanie dietetyczne jest jednym z podstawowych elementów leczenia pacjentów z CF. Systematyczne wydłużanie się wieku przeżycia chorych może powodować ujawienie się niedoborów żywieniowych prowadzących do chorób towarzyszących, jakimi są m.in. zaburzenia w gospodarce mineralnej kości. Cel: Celem pracy była ocena sposobu żywienia dziewcząt i chłopców z mukowiscydozą i jego związku z gęstością mineralną kości. Materiał imetody: Do badania włączono 89 pacjentów wwieku 10-18 lat. Wcelu ustalenia jakości diety, oceniono sposób żywienia za pomocą zapisu 3-dniowych jadłospisów, obliczając procent realizacji zapotrzebowania zgodnie z rekomendacjami opracowanymi dla pacjentów z mukowiscydozą. Dotyczyło to pokrycia zapotrzebowania kalorycznego, białka, tłuszczu, węglowodanów, witaminy D3, wapnia i fosforu. Oceniono gęstość mineralną kości (Bone Mineral Density − BMD) w odcinku lędźwiowym (L1-L4). Wynik wyrażono, jako wartość standaryzowaną Z-score. W celu określenia stanu odżywienia dokonano pomiarów antropometrycznych (masa i wysokość ciała oraz BMI). Wykonano następujące obliczenia statystyczne: analizy opisowe, test Manna-Whitneya, test t-Studenta, korelację Spearmana, oraz jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji ANOVA. Wyniki: Badani pacjenci nie spełniali opracowanych dla chorych na mukowiscydozę zaleceń żywieniowych. W diecie zaobserwowano niedobory energii (88% normy), białka (82%), wapnia (78%) oraz witaminy D3 (71%). Wykazano nadmierne spożycie fosforu (142%). Stan odżywienia (parametry antropometryczne) badanej grupy był obniżony i w sposób statystycznie istotny różnił się od grupy referencyjnej (p<0,001). Chłopcy charakteryzowali się znacznie niższą masą ciała (p=0,019) iwysokością (p=0,036) niż dziewczęta, a także niższą kalorycznością diety (p=0,023) oraz zawartością węglowodanów (p=0,005). Dietę dziewcząt cechowała mniejsza zawartość witaminy D3 w diecie (p<0,001) w porównaniu do chłopców. Średnia wartość gęstości mineralnej kości w całej grupie była obniżona i wynosiła -0,95±1,17. Zaobserwowano tendencję do obniżania się BMD wraz z wiekiem. Stan odżywienia wyrażony jako BMI wykazał statystycznie istotną korelację z gęstością mineralną kości, zarówno u dziewcząt (p<0,001), jak i u chłopców (p=0,020). Wnioski: Pacjenci z CF nie przestrzegali opracowanych dla nich zaleceń dietetycznych. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice między dziewczętami i chłopcami. Stan odżywienia (BMI), wykazał korelację z gęstością mineralną kości (BMD), co wymaga intensywnej terapii żywieniowej, zgodnie z opracowanymi rekomendacjami.

13

A summary of the use of maize in nutritional products for sportsmen

88%

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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vol. 31

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issue 3

33-45

EN

The aim of the investigation was to review experimental articles and patents referring to corn-based nutritional products for sportspeople published in the period 1970–2019. Publications were searched in the ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases, as well as the Google Scholar and Google Patents internet search engines. Factorial combinations of the keywords (“Zea mays” or “maize” or “corn”) and (“athlete” or “sport”) were applied. Most papers and patents were published in the period 2010–2019 by researchers affiliated to the USA and China – the two largest global producers of corn. Altogether, 65 patents and 16 articles were recorded. Inventors patented food supplements based on corn-derived saccharides and proteins. Empirical articles were devoted to the impact of corn-based food products on health of sportspeople, evaluation of the impact of length of consumption on the metabolism and performance of athletes, as well the frequency of use and acceptance of nutritional products based on corn by sportspeople. Despite growing interest in the application of corn constituents in nutritional products for sportspeople, further investigations are strongly desirable.

14

Plants, Algae, Cyanobacteria and Fungi in Diet of Vegan and Vegetarian Sportsmen - a Systematic Review

88%

Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K.

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vol. 37

23-43

EN

Vegan and vegetarian diets have become increasingly popular in developed countries. The aim of the research presented here is to review publications referring to the role of plants, algae, bacteria and fungi in the diet of vegan and vegetarian sportsmen published in the period 2000-2021. The review of the literature was based on peer-reviewed original full-text articles and patents using the ISI Web of Science database, as well as the Google Scholar and Google Patents search engines. Factorial combinations of the following keywords were applied: (‘plant’ or ‘alga’ or ‘fungus’ or ‘cyanobacteria’) and (‘athlete’ or ‘sport’) and (‘food’ or ‘nutrition’ or ‘diet’) and (‘vegan’ or ‘vegetarian’). The survey of the literature, carried out according to PRISMA statements, showed that many taxa canbe used in manufacturing products enhancing sport nutrition, athletic performance, mental alertness, physical health, preventing disorders and controlling body weight.Numerous authors found that the ingestion of plant constituents such as caffeine and proteins enhances muscle growth and recovery. Other investigations indicated the occurrence of beneficial effects, as well as imperfections, ofnon-animal diets. The performed investigations documented that acceptance of vegan and vegetarian diets flows from religious and ethical beliefs, as well as the advantages of sustainable eating practices.

15

Consumption of light foods and drinks among adults

75%

Szczepańska E., Grudowska E.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2020

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issue 74

68-76

EN

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional habits are significant not only in maintaining good health, but also in preventing many diseases. Proper nutrition also helps to maintain the right body weight. Due to growing consumer interest in these issues, a new food market sector, namely light foods, has emerged. The aim of the study was to assess the consumption frequency of light foods and drinks and to analyse the relationship between the consumption frequency and age, education and body weight of the respondents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 203 adults who declared the consumption of light foods and drinks. The frequency of consuming light foods and drinks was assessed on the basis of the author's own survey questionnaire. RESULTS: The largest proportion of respondents choose light dairy products several times a week (23.2%) or occasionally (40.4% of respondents). Fat products of a light type and light sweets were consumed occasionally by 34.5% and 30% of respondents respectively. Light drinks were in most cases consumed several times a month (20.7%) and occasionally (40.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of fast foods is rare among the respondents. There was a weak or low correlation between the frequency of light food consumption and age, education and body weight of the respondents. It seems necessary to provide nutrition education from an early age, especially among children and adolescents, and to continue it with adults.

PL

WSTĘP: Sposób żywienia ma znaczenie nie tylko dla utrzymania dobrego stanu zdrowia, ale również w prewencji wielu chorób. Prawidłowe odżywianie pozwala także utrzymać właściwą masę ciała. Z powodu zwiększenia zainteresowania konsumentów tymi zagadnieniami zaczął rozwijać się nowy sektor rynku żywnościowego, tj. produkty typu light. Celem pracy była ocena częstości ich spożycia oraz analiza zależności pomiędzy częstością konsumpcji a wiekiem, wykształceniem i masą ciała badanych osób. MATERIAŁ I METODY: W badaniu brały udział 203 dorosłe osoby, które deklarowały spożywanie produktów typu light. Częstotliwość ich konsumpcji oceniano na podstawie autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety.

16

Study of health risks in patients with type 2 diabetes by assessing their diet

75%

Grochowska-Niedworok E., Szczepańska E., Całyniuk B., Kardas M., Muc-Wierzgoń M.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2012

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vol. 66

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issue 5

15-21

EN

Treating diabetes is a complex process covering proper diet, regular and moderate physical activity and medication. The basis of diet planning is to determine the energy requirements, considering the age, sex, physical activity, physiological condition, concomitant diseases and body mass of the patient. The aim of the study was to evaluate the energy value of meals consumed by patients with type 2 diabetes considering their age, sex and body mass. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed three times on 100 patients, including 52 men and 48 women. It consisted in a 24-hour diet recall and performing anthropometric measures. To evaluate the energy value of meals, the Dieta 2 computer program was used, whereas the Statistica 7.1 program was used for statistical analyses purposes. RESULTS Among the men and women of all the age groups, the daily energy requirements were lower comparing to the dietary recommendations. Moreover, the energy value of individual meals was lower in comparison to the recommendations, excluding dinner which for all the age and weight groups (excluding men aged 31–50 of 90–99kg body mass and women over 75 years of age of 60–69 kg body mass) provided more energy comparing to the recommended value. The energy value of individual meals consumed by the studied patients regardless of their age, weight and body mass was lower comparing to the dietary recommendations. An improper distribution of energy in daily rations and its inadequate division in meals was noted, regardless of the age and sex of the studied subjects. CONCLUSIONS A 24-hour diet recall is an element enabling possible health risks assessment, including undernutrition, overweight or obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PL

Leczenie cukrzycy jest procesem kompleksowym i obejmuje stosowanie odpowiedniej diety, regularnej i umiarkowanej aktywności fizycznej oraz przyjmowanie leków. Podstawą planowania diety jest ustalenie zapotrzebowania energetycznego, które powinno uwzględniać wiek, płeć, aktywność fizyczną, stan fizjologiczny, współistnienie chorób oraz masę ciała pacjenta. Celem pracy była ocena wartości energetycznej posiłków spożywanych przez pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2, z uwzględnieniem ich płci, wieku i masy ciała. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badanie zostało przeprowadzone trzykrotnie. Uczestniczyło w nim 100 pacjentów, w tym 52 mężczyzn i 48 kobiet. Składały się na nie 24-godzinny wywiad żywieniowy oraz pomiary antropometryczne. Do oceny wartości energetycznej posiłków posłużono się programem komputerowym Dieta 2, do analiz statystycznych wykorzystano program Statistica 7.1. WYNIKI Dla mężczyzn i kobiet we wszystkich grupach wiekowych dobowa podaż energii była niższa od wskazywanej w zalecaniach żywieniowych. Także wartość energetyczna poszczególnych posiłków była niższa od zalecanej, z wyjątkiem posiłku obiadowego, który we wszystkich grupach wiekowych i wagowych (poza mężczyznami w wieku 31–50 lat i masie ciała 90–99 kg oraz kobietami powyżej 75 lat i masie ciała 60–69 kg) dostarczał więcej energii od ilości rekomendowanej. Wartość energetyczna poszczególnych posiłków spożywanych przez badanych pacjentów niezależnie od ich płci, wieku i masy ciała była niższa od zaleceń żywieniowych. Stwierdzono nieprawidłowy rozkład energii zawartej w dziennej racji pokarmowej i podział jej na posiłki, niezależnie od płci i wieku badanych osób. WNIOSEK 24-godzinny wywiad żywieniowy jest elementem umożliwiającym ocenę możliwości wystąpienia zagrożeń zdrowia, w tym niedożywienia, nadwagi lub otyłości, u pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2.

17

Ortoreksja – nowe zaburzenie odżywiania

75%

Dittfeld A., Koszowska A., Fizia K., Ziora K.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2013

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vol. 67

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issue 6

393-399

EN

Diet is an important factor which has an influence on one's state of health. An increasing number of people try to to follow the rules of healthy eating, however, when one puts too strong emphasis on diet, it can lead to disease. Orthorexia is the new eating disorder in which sick people limit further food and drink products gradually, as they believe that these products may have an adverse influence on their state of health. Eventually, it leads to extremely rigorous restrictions on nutrition which causes a shortage of nutrients, weight loss, malnutrition, other adverse health consequences, and even death. The main problem is the lack of awareness about this disease among dieticians and doctors, lack of properly structured diagnostic tools and treatment programs.

PL

Sposób żywienia stanowi ważny czynnik wpływający na stan zdrowia. Coraz więcej osób stara się przestrzegać zasad zdrowego żywienia, jednak przesadne dbanie o dietę może doprowadzić do choroby. Ortoreksja to nowo poznane zaburzenie odżywiania, w którym chorzy stopniowo ograniczają kolejne produkty spożywcze, uznając, że mogą mieć niekorzystny wpływ na stan ich zdrowia. Ostatecznie prowadzi to do niezwykle rygorystycznych ograniczeń żywieniowych, powodujących niedobór składników odżywczych, spadek masy ciała, niedożywienie i inne niekorzystne skutki zdrowotne, ze śmiercią włącznie. Problemem jest brak świadomości dotyczącej tej jednostki chorobowej wśród dietetyków i lekarzy, brak odpowiednio skonstruowanych narzędzi diagnostycznych i programów leczenia.

18

Wpływ podaży makroskładników odżywczych i wartości energetycznej diety na stężenie testosteronu u mężczyzn uprawiających sport

75%

Wrzosek M., Włodarek D.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

|

2018

|

vol. 34(1)

9-16

EN

Androgenic and anabolic functions of testosterone make it the most important male hormone. Its concentration can be influenced by the intake of dietary macronutrients and its calorific value. The aim of this study was to review available research on testosterone levels among male athletes within the context of their effects of diet. It has been proved that both the calorific value and the amount of protein, fats and carbohydrates are not without effect on the hormone. Energy shortages and individual macronutrients reduce testosterone levels in an athlete’s body, thus affecting its training possibilities.

PL

Androgeniczne i anaboliczne funkcje testosteronu czynią go najważniejszym hormonem męskim. Jego stężenie może podlegać wpływom podaży makroskładników diety oraz jej wartości energetycznej. Celem pracy był przegląd najnowszych badań nad stężeniem testosteronu wśród sportowców płci męskiej w kontekście wpływu diety. Dowiedziono, iż zarówno wartość energetyczna, jak i ilość białka, tłuszczów i węglowodanów nie pozostają bez wpływu na stężenie testosteronu. Niedobory energii i poszczególnych makroskładników obniżają stężenie tego hormonu w organizmie sportowca, wpływając tym samym na jego możliwości treningowe.

19

Selenium nanoparticle protected strawberry against salt stress through modifications in salicylic acid, ion homeostasis, antioxidant machinery, and photosynthesis performance

75%

Soleymanzadeh R., Iranbakhsh A., Habibi G., Ardebili Z. O., Soleymanzadeh R., Iranbakhsh A., Habibi G., Ardebili Z. O.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

|

2020

|

vol. 62

|

issue 1

20

Lifestyle and Living Physical Activity as a Part of an Active Way of Life in the Czech Republic

75%

Sekot A.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2011

|

vol. 53

|

issue 1

48-64

EN

An integral part of a reasonable, creative, valuable, and positive way of life is also personal responsibility for individual physical and psychical shape and good health: a sound state of body and soul, freedom from disease, bodily conditions, and a wish for health and happiness. In this context we are increasingly aware of the great importance of sport not only as a part of mass culture, but broadly understood, for individual and social health and well-being. Physical activity of people plays an increasingly more important role in scientific interest regarding the way of life of contemporary society, and it is a very important factor in the process of officiating the level of a healthy and active lifestyle, quality of life, and health in general. The indispensable role of physical activity in the course of human life is permanently and scientifically confirmed in the context of the prevention of obesity.The development of a sedentary life style is the result of a socialization process towards physical inactivity developed in youth and continued into adulthood. At the present we face in our cultural settings an apparent tendency: people are more and more individualized, losing the beneficial impacts of community activities, involved in passive way of life, and lacking proper level of physical activities and active sport. The phenomenon of physical activity has also been considered from the perspective of the EURO-PRE-VOB project: accenting built environmental as an aspect of way of life. The Czech Republic is, on the level of mass sport, strongly influenced by the existence of new development of the city structure, including fitness centres, bicycling paths, roller-skating stadiums, beach volleyball playing fields, and golf courses. The national support of sport is, nowadays, divided into the support of top sports, performance sports, and new waves in sports (e.g. sports for everyone - for all), sports for school, which are then on the regional level (and by the various sport organizations) subsidized from other sources and, moreover, not coordinately.

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