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A therapeutic potential of nicotine: reassessing the current paradigm of nicotine pharmacotherapy, literature review.

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Delijewski M., Kośmider L., Balwierz R. J., Tomas M. B., Yi D., Koszowski B., Marciniak D., Karolewicz B.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

2018

vol. 75

issue 5

1053-1061

Introduction: Nicotine is a widely known alkaloid synthesized from tobacco plants, being a main constituent of tobacco smoke and cigarettes. Nicotine has also gained eminence as the therapeutic option in managing smoking cessation and even other health conditions. However, the therapeutic potential of nicotine in other diseases has yet to be completely assessed. This information void stems from an inherent aversion from researchers in assessing nicotine’s risk-benefit, due to its toxicities. We present information on the current body of evidence relating to non-traditional therapeutic applications of nicotine to fill this literature void. The purpose of this work is to present current literature on the therapeutic uses of nicotine in treating various diseases. Methods: Electronic search in PubMed for relevant research relating to the therapeutic potential of nicotine in various diseases. Results/conclusions: Nicotine has gained therapeutic significance as an active compound of the nicotine replacement therapy. Research show nicotine may have other therapeutic applications in some diseases. We discussed application of nicotine in diminished prevalence of Parkinson’s disease, decreasing symptoms of the Tourette’s syndrome, psychiatric diseases like chizophrenia, depression and management of pain. We also reviewed nicotine dosing, type of formulations, and compliance which are crucial factors in the therapeutic applications of nicotine.

Oddziaływanie nikotyny z melaniną

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Delijewski M., Buszman E., Wrześniok D.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

2013

vol. 67

issue 6

361-366

BACKGROUND The available literature suggests that nicotine may accumulate in human tissues containing melanin, which increases the biosynthesis of this pigment. Studies conducted on the interaction between nicotine and melanin do not explain the impact of this binding on the metabolism and distribution of nicotine, level of dependence, effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies and potential adverse effects of nicotine. The role of these interactions may be important for people with a high degree of skin pigmentation. It is necessary to answer questions concerning the nature of nicotine–melanin interaction as well as the effect of nicotine on human cells, tissues and organs containing melanin pigment. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of nicotine to bind to synthetic melanin and to evaluate the kinetics and the nature of these interactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nicotine–melanin complexes were analyzed by use of the Scatchard method. The amounts of nicotine bound to melanin were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS It has been demonstrated that nicotine forms complexes with melanin. The amounts of nicotine bound to melanin increase with rising initial concentrations and prolongation of incubation time. For the studied complexes, two classes of independent binding sites with association constants K1 = 2.44 × 104 M-1 and K2 = 7.72 × 102 M-1 have been found. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate the possible role of melanin in side effects of nicotine and in smoking cessation therapies effectiveness among people with high levels of pigmentation.

WSTĘP Dostępna literatura sugeruje, że nikotyna może kumulować się w ludzkich tkankach zawierających melaninę, co powoduje zwiększenie biosyntezy tego barwnika. Dotychczasowe badania nad oddziaływaniem nikotyny z melaniną nie wyjaśniają wpływu wiązania na metabolizm i dystrybucję nikotyny, poziom uzależnienia, zdolność do zaprzestania palenia czy zwiększenie ewentualnych działań niepożądanych nikotyny. Rola tych oddziaływań może mieć duże znaczenie w przypadku osób o wysokim stopniu pigmentacji skóry. Odpowiedzi wymagają pytania dotyczące charakteru wiązań między nikotyną a melaniną oraz zmian, jakie nikotyna może wywierać w komórkach, tkankach i narządach ludzkiego ciała, w których występuje melanina. Celem badań była ocena zdolności nikotyny do wiązania się z melaniną syntetyczną, a także ocena kinetyki wiązania i trwałości powstałych kompleksów. MATERIAŁ I METODY Kompleksy nikotyna–melanina oceniano metodą Scatcharda. Ilość nikotyny związanej z melaniną wyznaczono techniką spektrofotometrii UV-VIS. WYNIKI Wykazano, że nikotyna tworzy kompleksy z melaniną. Ilość nikotyny związanej z melaniną wzrasta wraz ze wzrostem stężenia początkowego oraz z wydłużaniem czasu inkubacji. Dla badanych kompleksów stwierdzono występowanie dwóch klas niezależnych miejsc wiążących o wartościach stałych trwałości K1 = 2,44 × 104 M-1 oraz K2 = 7,72 × 102 M-1. WNIOSKI Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na możliwą rolę melaniny w działaniach niepożądanych nikotyny oraz w problematyce zaprzestania palenia u osób o wysokim stopniu pigmentacji.

Green tobacco sickness – A brief review

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Reddy M. N. T., Ashok N.

World News of Natural Sciences

2019

vol. 24

209-214

Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) has been one of the unexplored areas of occupational health safety. Green Tobacco Sickness is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from wet tobacco plants who have direct contact with tobacco plants during cultivation and harvesting. The present review was carried out to discuss the etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of GTS. It is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin while the workers are engaged in handling the uncured tobacco leaves. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, prostration, weakness, breathlessness, and occasional lowering of blood pressure. The use of personal protective equipment like water‑resistant clothing, chemical‑resistant gloves, plastic aprons, and rain‑suits with boots should be used by the tobacco farmers to prevent its occurrence. An international‑level awareness campaign has to be taken up and more stringent workers safety regulations have to be formulated.

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1 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

1 Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

1 World News of Natural Sciences

1 2019

1 2018

1 2013

2 Delijewski M.

1 Ashok N.

1 Balwierz R. J.

1 Buszman E.

1 Karolewicz B.

1 Koszowski B.

1 Kośmider L.

1 Marciniak D.

1 Reddy M. N. T.

1 Tomas M. B.

1 Wrześniok D.

1 Yi D.

Search results

A therapeutic potential of nicotine: reassessing the current paradigm of nicotine pharmacotherapy, literature review.

Oddziaływanie nikotyny z melaniną

Green tobacco sickness – A brief review