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Inhibition of the receptor-mediated virion attachment to a lipid membrane

100%
Zhdanov V.
Open Physics
|
2012
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vol. 10
|
issue 5
1210-1215
EN
The forefront of the anti-viral defence is sometimes aimed at virion attachment to a host membrane. This step or, more specifically, virion contacts with cellular membrane receptors (or, e.g., glycolipids) can be inhibited by antibodies (or specially chosen or designed compounds) via their association with virions. In this case, the full-scale attachment of virions to a host membrane occurs via a subtle interplay of the formation and rupture of multiple virion-inhibitor and virion-receptor bonds. We present a kinetic model describing this interplay and illustrating general trends in the process under consideration.
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Influenza prevention and treatment by passive immunization

86%
Kalenik B., Sawicka R., Góra-Sochacka A., Sirko A.
|
2014
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vol. 61
|
issue 3
573-587
EN
Passive immunity is defined as a particular antigen resistance provided by external antibodies. It can be either naturally or artificially acquired. Natural passive immunization occurs during pregnancy and breast-feeding in mammals and during hatching in birds. Maternal antibodies are passed through the placenta and milk in mammals and through the egg yolk in birds. Artificial passive immunity is acquired by injection of either serum from immunized (or infected) individuals or antibody preparations. Many independent research groups worked on selection, verification and detailed characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the influenza virus. Numerous antibody preparations were tested in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments for their efficacy to neutralize the virus. Here, we describe types of antibodies tested in such experiments and their viral targets, review approaches resulting in identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies and discuss methods used to demonstrate their protective effects. Finally, we shortly discuss the phenomenon of maternal antibody transfer as a way of effective care for young individuals and as an interfering factor in early vaccination.
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