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Relationship between Muscle Strength and Front Crawl Swimming Velocity

100%
Gola R., Urbanik C., Iwańska D., Madej A.
Human Movement
|
2014
|
vol. 15
|
issue 2
110-115
EN
Purpose. competitive performance in swimming depends on a number of factors including, among others, the development of relevant muscle groups. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between muscle strength and swimming velocity and the role of individual muscle groups in front crawl swimming. Methods. sixteen physical education university students participated in the study. The strength values, defined as torque produced during isometric contractions, of eight upper and lower extremity muscle groups were measured. Data were compared with participants' front crawl swim times in the 25m and 50m distances. Results. correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between muscle strength and swimming velocity. statistically significant relationships were observed between swimming velocity and the torque values of the elbow flexor and shoulder extensor muscles as well as the sum of upper extremity muscle torque values (p ⋋ 0.05). Conclusions. The results indicate the need for a focus on training those muscle groups identified as having a statistically significant relationship with swimming velocity for a given distance, as the sample showed deficiencies in the strength of those muscle groups responsible for generating propulsive force in the front crawl. Additionally, the collected data can serve as a diagnostic tool in evaluating the development of muscle groups critical for swimming performance.
2
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Isometric torque of arm abduction and adduction muscles in men

61%
Dulawski G., Bober T., Czamara A., Zaleski A.
|
2008
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vol. 16
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issue 2
13-18
PL
Przedmiotem pracy były pomiary statycznych momentów sił grup mięśni odwodzących i przywodzących ramię (w płasz-czyźnie czołowej). Badania wykonano na urządzeniu Biodex Medical System Pro 3 u 15 mężczyzn praworęcznych. Pomiary maksymalnych momentów sił w 5 wybranych pozycjach kątowych pomiędzy 0° (ramię wzdłuż tułowia) a 120° (dla obu kierunków) pozwoliły przebiegi moment-kąt opisać wielomianami drugiego stopnia. Przebieg momentu siły mięśni odwodzących ramię w funkcji kąta ma kształt hiperboli z maksimum przy kącie 0°, a dla mięśni przywodzących przyjmuje kształt paraboli z maksimum przy kącie 45°. Grupa mięśni odwodzących wyzwala większy moment siły od przywodzacych przy kącie 0° i 120°. W pozostałych, pośrednich, pozycjach kątowych jest niewielka przewaga mięśni przywodzą-cych nad odwodzącymi.
EN
The aim of work was to present the results of maximal (isometric) torque produced by muscles acting as arm abductors and adductors (frontal plane). The Biodex Medical System was applied to test the group of 15, right handed, young men. Torque was measured at 5 different angular positions between 0° (arm along the trunk) and 120° in both directions. The torque-angle curves were approximated with polynomial of the second order. The abduction torque-angle curve has a shape of hyperbola with maximum at 0° and adduction torque has a form of parabola with maximum at 45°. Abduction muscle group is stronger than adduction muscle group in the position of 0° and 120°. In the remaining positions the adduction muscle group is stronger than abduction muscle group.
3
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Changes of Maximal Muscle Torque and Maximal Power Output of Lower Extremities in Male Judoists During Training

61%
Buśko K., Nowak A.
Human Movement
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2008
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vol. 9
|
issue 2
111-115
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was to follow changes of the maximal muscle torque and maximal power output of lower extremities in male judoists during pre-competition training (PCT). The original hypothesis assumed that different training loads would cause changes of the maximal muscle torque and maximal power output of legs in male judoists during pre-competition training, but not changes of the topography of the maximal muscle torque in all muscle groups. Basic procedures. The study sample consisted of five male judoists from the Polish National Team. Muscle torque measurements in static conditions were performed shortly before PCT (I), after the strength training mesocycle (II) and immediately after PCT (III). Ten muscle groups were examined: flexors and extensors of the trunk, shoulder, elbow, hip and knee. The maximal power output of legs was measured on a dynamometric platform during counter-movement jumps (CMJ) and bounce counter-movement jumps (BCMJ). Main findings. The sums of the muscle torque of both arms and the trunk were changed insignificantly during pre-competition training (PCT). The sum of muscle torque of the right and left lower extremities increased significantly between the measurements I and III. The muscle percent topography of muscle groups also showed significant changes. Maximal power output of lower extremities measured during CMJ decreased significantly, but increased during BCMJ. Conclusion. PCT caused changes of the maximal muscle torque of lower extremities, but the muscle topography of the muscle groups revealed significant changes, too. The maximal power output of lower extremities measured during CMJ decreased.
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