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1

Motor development of a child in the first three months of life

100%

Kloze A., Stępowska J.

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 1

43-48

EN

The standards as to when children should acquire particular gross and fine motor skills were presented in that study. Proper motor development of children may affect all aspects of their lives. Early detection and diagnosis of abnormalities make it possible to cope with developmental disorders quickly. The functioning of children changes in the first year of their lives. Children gain indispensable experience from the surrounding world and learn to react to external stimuli. They also develop their patterns of behavior and improve perception. This work focuses on selected aspects of motor development that play a significant role in the process of physiotherapy aimed at infants in their first trimester.

2

Changes in Motor Skills of Boys who Trained Sports Swimming in an Annual Training Cycle

100%

Eider P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 4

121-133

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who trained sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. The research included 94 boys aged 7 (1st grade of elementary school); 57 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and 37 belonged to the Control group. All boys attended elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. Motor skills were assessed with 8 tests of the EUROFIT Test Battery. The study resulted in the following conclusions: I. Dynamics of changes in terms of overall balance, static strength, functional strength (between Examination I and II) was greater in the Swimmers group. II. In terms of upper limb movement, agility, explosive strength, torso strength, and agility run, differences between results of both examinations were similar in the Swimmers and Control groups. III. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects were a positive phenomenon in the physical development of children. Thus, swimming trainings significantly impacted dynamics of positive changes in motor skills of boys at the early stage of school education. IV. Regular participation in sports classes (including swimming classes) had positive impact on motor skill development of children, which is of utmost importance at that age.

3

Corrective Gymnastics and Motor Skills of Five-and Six-Year-Old Children

100%

Rokicka-Hebel M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

114-126

EN

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate motor skills of children participating and not participating in corrective gymnastics activities. It has been assumed that children participating in additional physical activities conducted in nursery school have better motor skills than those staying out of this type of activities. Material/Methods: Tests were carried out in two stages. For quantitative research a questionnaire was conducted among headmasters of nursery schools in Gdansk. The qualitative and quantitative research involved: observation, document analysis, tests of educational performance verifying the level of motor skills. A total of 286 five- and six-year-old children were recruited from different preschools (eight preschools and three primary school preschool programs in Gdansk). Results: Comparing groups of preschoolers participating and not participating in the activities of corrective gymnastics showed that among five-year-olds attending corrective gymnastics greater skills were noticed only in two of the seven tests: I - walking on a balance bench and II - crawling on an inclined balance bench. Among six-year-olds only in one test: VI - throwing a ball against the wall and catching it. Conclusions: Corrective gymnastics viewed as additional physical activity exercise in preschools does not contribute to the development of new motor skills of five- and six-year-olds.

4

Preschool attendance as a factor in the motor skill development of children

100%

Rokicka-Hebel M.

Human Movement

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2013

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vol. 14

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issue 4

310-321

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the motor skills of children who had already attended one year of preschool or had just begun their education. Methods. A total of 286 five- and six-year-old children were recruited from different preschools (eight preschools and three primary school preschool programs) in Gdańsk, Poland. A test battery was designed based on the children’s preschool physical education curriculum and the motor skills that should be acquired at this age. The analyzed motor tasks included: 1) walking on a balance bench, 2) crawling on an inclined balance bench, 3) running then jumping over an obstacle with one leg, 4) catching and throwing a ball over an obstacle, 5) throwing a ball against the wall and catching it, 6) climbing on a gymnastic ladder, 7) jumproping. The children were tested twice in test-retest conditions, at the beginning and end of the school year. Results. The children showed the lowest level of skills in throwing, catching, and bouncing a ball against the wall and jumproping. Conclusions. No significant differences were identified as to children’s physical abilities or between the 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds either beginning or continuing preschool.

5

The relationship between CA repeat polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene and the structure of motor skills in young athletes

100%

Karpowicz K., Krych K., Karpowicz M., Nowak W., Gronek P.

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EN

The map of candidate genes that can potentially affect physical fitness becomes larger every year, and they are associated with such aspects as respiratory and cardiovascular stability; body build and composition - especially muscle mass and strength; carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; response to training; and exercise intolerance.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene and the structure of motor skills in the two groups of Polish young athletes in 2007-2009. In this study, 350 young sportsmen representing different sports disciplines were examined (age = 15.5 ± 0.5 years), by genotyping the IGF1 gene and determining the structure of motor skills using the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT) battery. The multiple stepwise regression was used to determine the impact of the investigated motor skills on the indicator of the overall physical fitness, measured by the total score of the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT). The analysis showed some regularity related to the character of the IGF1 gene polymorphism. It can be concluded that the two groups of young boys athletes practicing various sports disciplines (kinds of physical exercise) displayed similar associations between CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene and the level of motor effects. Our results suggest that this polymorphism may be a genetic marker of the physical performance phenotype. We demonstrated that CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene was associated with strength predispositions in the homozygous and non-carriers groups. In the group who were heterozygous it was speed-strength aptitudes.

6

CHOSEN INDIVIDUAL FACTORS OF ADOLESCENTS’ PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR LEISURE TIME

88%

Görner K., Jurczak A., Spieszny M., Mucha D., Makuch R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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vol. 1

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issue 1

31-37

EN

The aim of the research was to diagnose chosen individual factors of adolescents’ physical development (motor skills, physical fitness, motor activity needs) and their influence on their actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The subjects of the research were students of Cracow’s junior high schools. The probability sample of 295 girls and 329 boys were examined. The method used was a survey. The results of the examinations showed that the chosen individual factors had an influence on the actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The boys’ motor skills (in contrast with the rest of the factors) correlated the least with the increase of the actual level of physical activity in leisure time, and in case of the girls, they did not correlate at all. Youngsters’ individual predispositions to undertake physical activity in their free time were at a medium-high level. Nevertheless, their internalization did not take place because more than a half of the subjects undertook physical activities at a low level (51.0%) or not at all (7.4%).

7

Development of Selected Motor Skills in Boys and Girls in Relation to Their Rate of Maturation - A Longitudinal Study

88%

Sokołowski B., Chrzanowska M.

Human Movement

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 2

132-138

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the process of how motor skills were developed and shaped in boys and girls in relation to their rate of maturation, based on the use of peak height velocity (PHV), which measures biological maturity. Methods. This study made use of a longitudinal study researching the physical fitness of boys and girls from Kraków, Poland during the years 1980-1990. From the original sample population, 296 boys and 196 girls were selected for further analysis. Physical fitness tests were administered over the subsequent decade, measuring the following motor skills: speed, explosive strength of the lower limbs, static strength of the right and left hand, agility, dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles, static endurance of the upper limbs and shoulders, and flexibility. On the basis of the median and PHV age quartiles for both sexes, the examined individuals were divided into two cohorts: early maturers and late maturers. The mean values and standard deviations of the physical fitness test results were calculated based on biological age. Afterwards, the means and standard deviations of each tested motor skill of the early maturers were standardized into means and standard deviations of the late maturers. Results. The motor skills best performed in all age groups and in both sexes by early maturers were in tests of static strength of the hands. In the group of boys, early maturers in all age groups also performed the best in tests of speed and explosive strength of the lower limbs. Late-maturing girls were positively differentiated in each age group in tests of static strength of the upper limbs and shoulders, and in the dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles. Conclusions. The rate of maturation was found to significantly influence the results of fitness tests, particularly in the case of boys.

8

Changes in Motor Skills of Children who Train Sports Swimming at the Initial Stage of School Education (in an Annual Training Cycle)

88%

Eider P., Wilk K., Tarnowski M., Terczyński R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 4

93-105

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who train sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. Swimming belongs to the disciplines in which training starts at the age of 6-7. The proper selection of candidates to train certain disciplines is a complex process as they should be chosen from a large population of children, both girls and boys, having specific somatic and motor characteristics which, developed in the long-term, will enable them to achieve sports mastery. The aim of the research was to define which changes in motor skills occur in girls who train sports Aim: swimming in an annual training cycle. The Subject group consisted of 85 girls aged 7 who attended four elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. 36 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and they were all members of the Municipal Swimming Club (MKP) in Szczecin. The Control group consisted of 49 girls who attended the same elementary schools. All subjects took part in two examinations (carried out in the school year 2009/2010. Physical ability tests were conducted in gyms. Motor skills were assessed with EUROFIT Test Battery which is the most reliable and accurate tool according to scientific research. The research revealed changes in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of all eight tests. Examination II proved statistically significant improvement of results in both groups (Sw, C) in comparison to Examination I. Changes between Examination I and Examination II results were most visible in the Swimmers groups in terms of balance, agility, static strength, functional strength and agility run. Changes between Examination I and Examination II were similar in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of speed of limb movement, explosive strength and torso strength. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects are a positive phenomenon in the physical development of a child. Swimming training resulted significantly in positive changes in terms of motor skills of subject who were at the initial stage of swimming trainings, compared to their non-training peers. Participation in organized, regular sports classes results in the development of motor (physical) skills of children.

9

Analysis of Experts’ Quantitative Assessment of Adolescent Basketball Players and the Role of Anthropometric and Physiological Attributes

75%

Štrumbelj E., Erčulj F.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 42

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issue 1

267-276

EN

In this paper, we investigated two questions: (1) can measurements of anthropometric and physiological attributes substitute for expert assessment of adolescent basketball players, and (2) how much does the quantitative assessment of a player vary among experts? The first question is relevant to the potential simplification of the player selection process. The second question pertains directly to the validity of expert quantitative assessment. Our research was based on data from 148 U14 female and male basketball players. For each player, an array of anthropometric and physiological attributes was recorded, including body height, body mass, BMI, and several motor skill tests. Furthermore, each player's current ability and potential ability were quantitatively evaluated by two different experts from a group of seven experts. Analysis of the recorded data showed that the anthropometric and physiological attributes explained between 15% and 40% of the variance in experts’ scores. The primary predictive attributes were speed and agility (for predicting current ability) and body height and growth potential (for predicting potential ability). We concluded that these attributes were not sufficiently informative to act as a substitute for expert assessment of the players’ current or potential ability. There is substantial variability in different experts' scores of the same player’s ability. However, the differences between experts are mostly in scale, and the relationships between experts’ scores are monotonic. That is, different experts rank players on ability very similarly, but their scores are not well calibrated.

10

Interrelationships Among Motor Coordination, Body Fat Percentage, and Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls

75%

Chagas D. d. V., Batista L. A.

Human Movement

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 1

4-8

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelationships among motor coordination, body fat percentage, and physical activity levels in adolescent girls. Methods. Sixty-eight girls aged 12-14 years participated in the study. Skinfold thickness was measured and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder test was administered. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire on physical activity. Bivariate and partial correlations were used to analyze the interrelationships among the selected variables. Results. There were no significant (p > 0.05) correlations between any motor coordination scores and physical activity levels with and without controlling for body fat percentage. All motor coordination scores were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with body fat with and without controlling for physical activity levels. Conclusions. The relationships between motor coordination scores and physical activity levels, as well as between motor coordination scores and body fat percentage, were not influenced by body fat and physical activity levels, respectively. However, the overall low physical activity level in this sample may have biased these results. Additional research involving girls with higher physical activity levels should be pursued.

11

Morphological features and motor skills of girls practicing speed skating as well as volleyball and basketball

63%

Momola I.

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2010

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vol. 18

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issue 2

56-62

PL

Celem opracowania jest porównanie rozwoju morfologicznego dziewcząt uprawiających koszykówkę, siatkówkę i łyżwiarstwo szybkie w sanockich klubach sportowych oraz ich sprawności fizycznej w oparciu o testy "Eurofit". Zawodniczki porównano z populacją polską i krakowską. Celem badań było też określenie współzależności pomiędzy mierzonymi parametrami. Badano 63 dziewczęta 11-letnie w latach 2006-2007. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji, korelacji prostoliniowej, analizy głównych składowych. Wysokość i masa ciała łyżwiarek, siatkarek i koszykarek mieszczą się w normie rozwojowej. Zawodniczki osiągnęły korzystniejsze wyniki w większości prób sprawności fizycznej niż ich krakowskie rówieśniczki i dziewczęta z próby ogólnopolskiej.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare morphological development and physical fitness of the girls training basketball, volleyball and speed skating in sports clubs in Sanok on the basis of "Eurofit" tests and to determine correlations between the examined parameters. The research results were compared with the centile charts of the girls tested nationwide and in Krakow. The test group consisted of 63 girls aged 11 and the study was carried out in 2006 and 2007. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis including one-way ANOVA, linear correlation analysis and principal components analysis. Body height and mass in speed skaters, basketball players and volleyball players are within the development norm. The players achieved higher results in most exercise tests than their peers from Krakow and the rest of the country.

Refine search results

Motor development of a child in the first three months of life

Changes in Motor Skills of Boys who Trained Sports Swimming in an Annual Training Cycle

Corrective Gymnastics and Motor Skills of Five-and Six-Year-Old Children

Preschool attendance as a factor in the motor skill development of children

The relationship between CA repeat polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene and the structure of motor skills in young athletes

CHOSEN INDIVIDUAL FACTORS OF ADOLESCENTS’ PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR LEISURE TIME

Development of Selected Motor Skills in Boys and Girls in Relation to Their Rate of Maturation - A Longitudinal Study

Changes in Motor Skills of Children who Train Sports Swimming at the Initial Stage of School Education (in an Annual Training Cycle)

Analysis of Experts’ Quantitative Assessment of Adolescent Basketball Players and the Role of Anthropometric and Physiological Attributes

Interrelationships Among Motor Coordination, Body Fat Percentage, and Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls

Morphological features and motor skills of girls practicing speed skating as well as volleyball and basketball