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1

The Impact of Training on the 500 M Rowing Ergometer Time and an Assessment of the Applied Test's Relevancy

100%

Podstawski R., Choszcz D., Konopka S.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 3

264-272

EN

Purpose. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine the impact of training on the time spent covering a distance of 500 m on a rowing ergometer as well as an examination of the representativeness of the adopted sample in developing a method of providing an accurate and reliable assessment of the obtained results when measuring the short-term endurance capacity in a female student population. Methods. The research was conducted on 96 full-time female students at the UWM in Olsztyn using a "Concept II Indoor Rower" rowing ergometer, where the impact of regular training on the time of covering the 500 m distance was analysed. The results of the research were statistically analysed in order to examine the conformity of the obtained distributions in the time spent in covering the simulated distance, the subjects' mass and height, an adopted CPI value (height/body mass ratio), BMI index and the female students' slenderness ratios all within normal distribution. Mathematical (regressive) models describing the impact of the adopted factors on the time of covering the simulated distance were then developed. Results. On the basis of the obtained results and the developed mathematical relationships, it was noted that with further repetition of the exercise, the mean time of covering the 500 m distance on a rowing ergometer (based on the results obtained between the 1st to the 10th trial) decreased from ca. 15-20 s. The phenomenon of shortening the covered time may be caused by an improvement in the level of short-term endurance capacity as well as becoming familiarized with the movements (learning) performed on the rowing ergometer. Conclusion. A one-time attempt at covering the 500 m distance on a rowing ergometer, at the fastest pace possible and performed once a week, was found to improve the endurance capacity level of the studied subjects. The developed method found herein can be applied as an accurate and reliable test in assessing the time of covering the simulated 500 m distance on a rowing ergometer when determining short-term endurance capacity.

2

Digit Ratio in the Groups of Women and Men Practising and Non-practising Sports and Its Relations to the Somatic Features and Motoric Fitness

100%

Mońka M., Pietraszewska J.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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vol. 29

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issue 1

29-39

EN

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the digit ratio between groups of sporting and non-sporting women and men, and attempt to determine a value typical for athletes of each gender. Additional-ly, the aim was to evaluate relations of the digit ratio with both the somatic structure and motor fitness, which could then be used to improve on sports selection criteria. The research material comprised 22 anthropometric measurements together with results of four motor fitness tests of students active in various sports disciplines. The control group comprised students who had never practiced sport. The sporting students showed significantly lower digit ratios compared to the control group of non-sporting students. Correlations between the digit ratio and features of the body structure were low. Both sexes recorded significant nega-tive correlations between the digit ratio and handgrip strength, as well as with the long jump length. Those with a lower value of the digit ratio had better predispositions to practicing sports.

3

Physical fitness and selected parameters of the respiratory system and other somatic components among 12-year-old children

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Pasek M., Jerzemowski J.

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EN

Background: The purpose of the study was to present components of fitness and body composition and to determine the correlation between parameters of biological development in a group of schoolchildren. Material/Methods: Analysis of somatic features of 12-year-old children, of both sexes, from the Pomeranian province in Poland (99 boys and 96 girls) included basic parameters of the respiratory system, body fat, height and body weight. Functional indicators, i.e. components of motor abilities, have been tested. Results: Boys had significantly better results of endurance and jumping ability, and girls dominated in flexibility and somatic components like height, weight and skinfold thickness and additionally in Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second. In the group of boys the Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow25/75 was significantly correlated with shoulders strength. In the group of girls Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second and its relationship to Forced Vital Capacity was correlated with shoulders strength. The Peak Expiratory Flow rate was significantly correlated with abdominal strength and flexibility. Forced Vital Capacity was correlated with flexibility and Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second - with flexibility too. The biggest intensity of correlation was observed in the case of boys skinfold thickness with speed, jumping ability, shoulder strength, agility and endurance. The group of girls has weight correlated with speed and jumping ability and skinfold thickness correlated with the same parameters. Boys’ endurance of was significantly correlated with weight and skinfold thickness and girls’ endurance additionally with height. Conclusions: Significant differences between males and females have been identified with regard to body type and fitness. In the group of girls more correlations between parameters of the respiratory system and basic components of fitness were observed. However, the opposite situation appeared in the case of relationships between the remaining somatic indicators (height, weight and skinfold thickness) and general components of fitness, where more correlations in the group of boys have been reported.

4

THE EVALUATION OF MOTOR SKILLS OF I-IV GRADE MUSIC-ORIENTED MALE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLEX NO 2 IN SZCZECIN

100%

Wilk K., Eider P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

45-58

EN

The aim of the research was to establish the motor efficiency of boys between the ages of 7 and 10 years, attending Grades 1-4 of music oriented and general education classes. The research material included 106 boys aged 7-10 of the Primary School Complex No. 2 in Szczecin. There were 50 children examined in the music oriented classes, and 56 in control group. The research was conducted twice in the school year 2006/2007, including the same research material – first in September 2006, second in June 2007 accordingly. To evaluate the level of motor skills the EUROFIT European Fitness Test was used. Test results were statistically analyzed. The Utenberger’s test resulted in statistically significant better results of boys from the Grade 1 of control group (C) compared to their peers from Grade 1 of music oriented classes. In research II, only boys of Grades 1-2 M had statistically significant results improvement in the Utenberger’s test in comparison with research I. In research II, male students of Grades 1, 2, 3 M acquired statistically significant better results in the speed test of the upper limb than their peers of Grades 1 C, 2 C, 4 C. Moreover, in study II the subjected individuals of Grades 1 M, 2 M, 4 M and 4 C obtained statistically significant increase in their results in comparison with study I. Trunk flexibility of male students from music-oriented classes and control group was in line; the same was true for the jump test. In study II, trunk flexibility and endurance in jumping insignificantly improved in all examined classes. In the study, boys from Grade 4 M, obtained statistically more significant average hand strength results compared to their peers from Grade 4 C. In study II, boys from Grades 1 and 2 M obtained statistically significantly lower average values in this test in comparison with boys from Grades 1 and 2 C. In study II, unlike in study 1, there was a statistically significant improvement in the test results only in boys from Grades 3 and 4 M. In contrary, there was a statistically significant improvement of hand strength results in all grades of control groups compared to study I. In trunk flexibility test, boys from Grade 1 M had statistically lower mean values than boys from Grade 1 C. In the same study, boys from grades 3 and 4 M had statistically significantly higher average values than their peers from Grades 3 and 4 C. In study II, statistically significant differences were found between Grades 3 M and 3 P as well as between 4 M and 4 P. In study II, in Grades 1 C and 2 M, there was a statistically significant results improvement compared to study I. Functional capacity of boys from all subjected classes was similar in both studies. In study II, statistically significant improvement in this test was found only in Grade 2 M. In agility fitness test, in study II, boys from Grade 4 M had statistically significantly better results opposed to Grade 4 C. It turned out that boys from grades 1 M, 2 M, and 3 C, had statistically significant results improvement in study II compared to study I. Based on the conducted studies, the following conclusions have been formulated: 1. Motor efficiency of boys from music-oriented as well as control classes was comparable. 2. Practicing musical instruments at the early education stage did not have any significant influence on the general motor efficiency of male pupils. 3. As part of preventive measures of degenerative overload changes of the motor system in music-oriented classes, the national curriculum program of study for PE should be modified and supplemented with exercises strengthening trunk muscles and increasing the range of motion in the shoulder and pelvic girdles.

5

Physique and Fitness of Swimmers from West Bengal

88%

Mandal (Majee) A., Sarkar N.

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2018

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vol. 24

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issue 4

77-90

EN

The purpose of the present study is to assess the physique and fitness status of young school and college age swimmers from West Bengal. This cross sectional study was carried out on 46 male and 9 female swimmers of 9-20 years of age. The study parameters include body height, body weight, BMI, different anthropometric parameters, skinfold thickness and aerobic power, strength, flexibility, blood pressure and pulmonary function. Besides, history of training was taken by questionnaire. In the present study male and female adolescent swimmers have significantly higher body fat than their non-swimmer counterparts. Besides, respiratory capacity, max. oxygen consumption and flexibility parameters are significantly higher in male and female swimmers than in control group boys and girls. Besides, highly significant correlation has been found between sitting height, arm span and hand span of swimmer with swimming speed, years of training(swimming) and percentage of body fat. Again, pulmonary function, strength and max. oxygen consumption parameters are significantly correlated with years of training and speed of training. Therefore, simple regression equations are constructed to predict strength, respiratory and cardio-vascular parameters of adolescent swimmers on the basis of years of swimming and speed of swimming. When different style of swimming is considered it has been observed that highest Vo2 max value has been found in free style and butterfly swimmers followed by breast stroke and then back stroke swimmers. Swimmers of the present study when compared to international standard, they are shorter and lower in body fat content values and some physiological parameters like Vo2 max, flexibility and hand grip strength than international standard values. From this study it can be concluded that as there is no available information regarding strength, cardiovascular and respiratory status of adolescent girls and boys swimmers of West Bengal, this study can be said to be a pilot study on the basis of which further elaborate investigation requires to be initiated. Thus these baseline information of physique and physiological parameters of adolescent swimmers will provide local database for coaches and sports physiologists to develop proper training schedule and for identification of talent in the early ages.

6

Measurement of Motor Fitness of Students Using the Rowing Ergometer

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Choszcz D., Podstawski R., Wysocka-Welanc M.

Human Movement

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2009

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vol. 10

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issue 1

46-52

EN

Purpose. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model to determine correlations between selected somatic traits and indoor rowing test results over a distance of 500 m as well as differences in the level of motor fitness of students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Material and methods. The research was carried out on a group of 274 full-time UWM students with the aid of Concept II Indoor Rower. The analysis concerned the effects of students' body weight and body height, year of study and the time required to cover the distance of 500 m during an indoor rowing test. Analysis of variance and regression analysis with stepwise elimination of the polynomial degree and form were used. Results. Only 15 subjects (5.5% of the sample) achieved the highest level of motor fitness, i.e. covered the distance under 92.7 s. A mathematical model describing the effects of decisive variables on the dependent variable was a model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree. The exogenous variables were subjects' body height and body weight. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of regression of multiple variables of the 2nd degree can be useful for selection of individuals with predispositions to practice rowing at the academic and recreational levels. The proposed method of mathematical model development should be regarded as an algorithm for other, more versatile models involving additional variables.

7

Sprawność Motoryczna Chłopców z Zespołem Downa z Umiarkowaną Niepełnosprawnością Intelektualną (Badania Pilotażowe)

75%

Wieczorek M., Urban S., Wilińska A.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2014

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vol. 28

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issue 2

49-56

EN

Wstęp: Sprawność motoryczna człowieka w swojej strukturze, opiera się przede wszyst-kim o nieustanne współdziałanie zdolności motorycznych oraz umiejętności motorycznych. Pomiar i ocena poziomu sprawności motorycznej u różnych grup osób jest jednym z obsza-rów poznawczych ważnych w pracy dydaktycznej. Specyficzną grupę wychowanków sta-nowią osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną a wśród nich osoby z Zespołem Downa. Celem poznawczym badań, było rozpoznanie poziomu sprawności motorycznej wy-branej grupy osób z umiarkowaną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Jako cel praktyczny badań, postanowiono przeanalizować czy test Eurofit Specjalny może być stosowany jako jedno z narzędzi do pomiaru sprawności motorycznej dla chłopców z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym z Zespołem Downa. Materiał i metody: W badaniach wzięło udział 13 chłopców w wieku od 13 do 19 lat. Zastosowaną metodą była obserwacja bezpośrednia a narzędziem test Eurofit Specjalny. Otrzymane wyniki odniesiono do skali punktowej tego testu w zależności od wieku i płci. Wyniki: Badani chłopcy, wykazują niski, w odniesieniu do norm testu Eurofit Specjalny, poziom sprawności motorycznej. Najwyższe wyniki uzyskano w próbach mierzących rów-nowagę i siłę kończyn górnych. Wnioski: Niskie rezultaty mogą być skutkiem interpretacji wyników, która jako punkt odniesienia, przyjmuje skalę opisaną w teście Eurofit Specjalny, gdzie nie ma jednoznacz-nej informacji na temat odsetka osób z Zespołem Downa wśród badanych, których wyniki tworzą punkty do oceny. Dalsze badania na większej ilości osób wykorzystujące inne baterie testów, mogą zweryfikować faktyczną przydatność norm testu Eurofit Specjalny do pomiaru sprawności motorycznej osób z Zespołem Downa.

8

Ocena sprawności motorycznej piłkarzy za pomocą systemu Functional Movement Screen (FMS)

75%

Andrychowicz Ż., Domżalski M., Drobniewski M., Synder M., Osmulska M., Borowski A.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2018

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vol. 34(4)

257-268

EN

Background. The aim of our study was to explore soccer players’ motor fitness level and their ability to move within the basic movement patterns; identify most frequent dysfunctions, movement asymmetry, and functional limitations. Material and methods. A total of 89 males between 18 and 33 years of age divided into training group (59 professional soccer players) and control group (30 individuals who did not play soccer). Each participant underwent one FMS testing comprising 7 motion tests based on the basic motion patterns. Results. Statistical analysis revealed that an average result was for the training 15,4, and for the control group 11.9 out of 21 scores, respectively. The relationship between FMS testing scores, BMI (Pearson correlation coefficient group 1 = 0.9848 and group 2 = -0.31191), a number of years of training (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.21634), and a number of injuries (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.13952). Conclusions. 1. Soccer players obtained higher scores in all but one tests. 2. Correct BMI results in FMS testing. 3. Along with increase in a number of years of professional training and incurred injuries. 4. The dominant limb achieved no higher scores in asymmetry tests and injuries occurred in the non-dominant lower limb more frequently than in the dominant upper limb.

PL

Wstęp. Celem badań było poznanie poziomu sprawności motorycznej piłkarzy i ich umiejętność poruszania się w obrębie podstawowych wzorców ruchu; zidentyfikowanie najczęstszych dysfunkcji, asymetrii ruchu i ograniczeń funkcjonalnych. Materiał i metody. Łącznie przebadano 89 mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 33 lat, podzielonych na grupę treningową (59 profesjonalnych piłkarzy) i grupę kontrolną (30 osób, które nie grały w piłkę nożną). Każdy uczestnik przeszedł jednorazowo badanie FMS obejmujące 7 testów ruchowych w oparciu o podstawowe wzorce ruchowe. Wyniki. Analiza statystyczna wyników wykazała, że średni wynik dla grupy badanej wynosi 15,3667, a dla grupy kontrolnej 11,9 punktów na 21 możliwych. Sprawdzano zależności pomiędzy wynikami testów FMS a: BMI (współczynnik korelacji Pearsona dla gr. 1 =0.9848 dla gr. 2= -0.31191), latami trenowania piłkę nożną (współ. korelacji Pearsona =0.21634) oraz liczbą kontuzji (współ. cząstkowy korelacji Pearsona = -0.13952). Wnioski. 1. Piłkarze uzyskali wyższe wyniki prawie we wszystkich testach oprócz jednego. 2. Prawidłowe BMI skutkuje lepszym wynikiem FMS. 3. Wraz ze wzrostem ilości lat zawodowego treningu oraz ilości przebytych kontuzji rośnie wynik końcowej oceny testów FMS. 4. Kończyna dominująca nie uzyskała lepszych wyników w testach asymetrycznych, urazy częściej występują w kończynie dolnej niedominującej, a w kończynie górnej dominującej.

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The Impact of Training on the 500 M Rowing Ergometer Time and an Assessment of the Applied Test's Relevancy

Digit Ratio in the Groups of Women and Men Practising and Non-practising Sports and Its Relations to the Somatic Features and Motoric Fitness

Physical fitness and selected parameters of the respiratory system and other somatic components among 12-year-old children

THE EVALUATION OF MOTOR SKILLS OF I-IV GRADE MUSIC-ORIENTED MALE STUDENTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLEX NO 2 IN SZCZECIN

Physique and Fitness of Swimmers from West Bengal

Measurement of Motor Fitness of Students Using the Rowing Ergometer

Sprawność Motoryczna Chłopców z Zespołem Downa z Umiarkowaną Niepełnosprawnością Intelektualną (Badania Pilotażowe)

Ocena sprawności motorycznej piłkarzy za pomocą systemu Functional Movement Screen (FMS)