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Mood Changes in Individuals Who Regularly Participate in Various Forms of Physical Activity

100%
Myrna-Bekas R., Kałwa M., Stefaniak T., Kulmatycki L.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 2
170-177
EN
Purpose. A number of mental and physical benefits arise from leading an active lifestyle. Many forms of therapies make use of physical activity to reinforce rehabilitation as well as improve the condition of the body and mind. It is in this way that an individual can improve their well-being through cleansing the body of negative emotions and seek inner harmony, which is one of the most important features of mental health. However, the question arises whether all forms of physical activity improve the emotional state of an individual in the same way. A qualitative change in mood may be in fact related to the methodical factors present in physical activity (the type of exercise, the training method or its intensity and frequency) but also an instructor's personality, the age and gender of the participant as well as their physical fitness and motor skills, the subject's current social and mental state, environmental factors or other factors related to everyday life such as work, family, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in mood of physically active and highly fit people, aged 22-25 years, after various forms of physical activity and with different training methodologies. Methods. The Mood Adjective Check List (UMACL) was administered to 84 students before and after completing a course in a number of physical activities. Statistical methods were then applied to the results to measure the size of the differences and for any statistical significance. Results. The results found that regardless of the form of physical activity or class duration, there was a positive change in the mood of participants. Differences in size of the changes, when compared to the forms of physical activity and gender, were not found. Conclusions. The improvement in mood of fit and regularly physically active adults is observed regardless what form of physical activity is practiced.
2
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Changes in Mood States and Selected Personality Traits in Women Participating in a 12-Week Exercise Program

88%
Guszkowska M., Sionek S.
Human Movement
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2009
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vol. 10
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issue 2
163-169
EN
Purpose. The aim of the study was: (1) to investigate changes in mood and chosen personality traits in women participating in a 12-week exercise program; (2) to establish relationships between mood and personality traits; (3) to find personality factors predicting mood changes. Basic procedures. Subjects included 39 healthy female volunteers, aged 18-43, participating in a 12-week aerobic exercise program. The aerobics classes lasted 50 min each, including warm-up and cool-down, three times a week. Assessments of mood (UMACL by Matthews, Chamberlain & Jones), trait anxiety (STAI by Spielberger et al.), self-efficacy (GSES by Schwarzer, Jerusalem & Juczyński) and dispositional optimism (LOT-R by Scheier, Carver & Bridges) were obtained in the first and last weeks of the program. Main findings. The obtained results showed that (1) subjects' mood improved following the 12-week aerobic exercise program - tense arousal decreased, whereas hedonic tone and energetic arousal increased; (2) personality traits changed toward better personal adjustment: trait anxiety decreased, self-efficacy and optimism increased; (3) there were no significant relationships between changes in positive mood dimensions (hedonic tone and energetic arousal) and the negative one (tense arousal); (4) there were no correlations between mood changes and personality changes, but mood correlated with trait anxiety, self-efficacy and optimism in both measurements. Conclusions. Mood of healthy adult women improves significantly following a three-month aerobic exercise program, irrespective of positive changes in personality traits.
3
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The level of mood regulation in practicing hatha yoga in the background of people who do not practice this physical activity

88%
Kmiecik A., Bakota D., Płomiński A.
Physical Activity Review
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2020
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vol. 1
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issue 8
95-103
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze mood regulation in people practicing hatha yoga in the background of people who do not practice this sport activity. Materials and Methods: 96 Respondents from the Slaskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie province took part in the research The subjects were divided into two groups: practicing hatha yoga (N = 46) and control (N = 49). The analysis was carried out by means of a diagnostic survey using the standardized tool: Mood Control Scales. During the tests, the age and sex of the respondents were taken into account. Results: The average results of males and females exercising and not exercising hatha yoga in the Elevated Mood Scale are very similar to each other and range from 3.91 to 3.97 in women and from 3.87 to 3.91 in men. The results of men in the Depressed Mood Scale, as in the Elevated Mood Scale, differ slightly. However, a large difference, up to 0%, can be noticed by observing the results of women, 2.22 for exercising women and 2.79 for non-exercising women. Conclusions: Practicing hatha yoga has a beneficial effect on the level of mood regulation, contributing to the improvement of the mental state, the implementation of vital tasks and life goals and, consequently, reducing the negative mood and proper social functioning. Decreasing the level of low mood positively affects the quality of life. People with the ability to regulate the mood are less subject to mechanisms exacerbating the negative mood and, consequently, do not undertake the procedures leading to this mood. It can therefore be assumed that a bad mood is not treated in the category of failure, life catastrophe or a state without a way out. The conducted research allowed to show a greater tendency to reduce the level of low mood in women practicing hatha yoga. In the analysis, there were dependencies between the tendencies of mood regulation and gender. These dependencies were seen in women, whereas with men this did not play a significant role research did not play a significant role. However, there was no negative effect of the hatha yoga exercise on the level of mood.
4
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Changes in maximal aerobic fitness and students’ attitude towards physical effort during outdoor and indoor school lessons of Physical Education

75%
Pasek M., Michalowska-Sawczyn M., Nowak-Zaleska A.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 1
24-33
EN
Background: The aim of the research was to determine an influence of an increased number of outdoor lessons of Physical Education on aerobic fitness and to evaluate students’ attitude towards endurance efforts. Material/Methods: In the presented research project a group of students participated in a school program of Physical Education on the basis of a higher number of lessons realized in the natural environment in the vicinity of school. The subjects were a group of 220 students from 4 schools of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, who were subjected to initial and final measurements during two school years. The most important assumption of the research stated better effects of outdoor classes of Physical Education in comparison with indoor classes and the shortage of experimental factor influence on the correlation change between objective and subjective indices of fitness and attitudes related to it. Results: In the experimental group the most distinct differences between initial and final tests concerned the endurance measurement, similarly to the control group in which, however, the improvement in the final test was less noticeable. The correlation among three analyzed variables was significant for both research groups. The comparison of results of students from the experimental and the control groups demonstrates a positive influence of outdoor lessons on the level of endurance and, to a lower degree, on the feeling of effort fatigue and mood. Conclusions: The research was conducted with a use of three research tools: the mood scale, Cooper’s test and the subjective fatigue feeling with finished effort scale that allow a positive verification of the presented hypothesis, which should be an encouragement for wider practicing of innovative activities to bring closer the assumed aims of Physical Education to the aims actually achieved.
5
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Wpływ czekolady na zdrowie człowieka

51%
Musioł M., Błoński B., Stolecka-Warzecha A., Paprotna-Kwiecińska J., Wilczyński S.
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
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2018
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issue 72
69-79
EN
Ostatnie badania potwierdzają prozdrowotne właściwości czekolady, chociaż historia kakao jako leku sięga kilku tysięcy lat. Drzewo kakaowca rosnące w klimacie równikowym, w wierzeniach starożytnych Majów i Azteków, było boskim darem dla ludzkości zapewniającym mądrość i wiedzę uniwersalną. Z jego ziaren uzyskiwany jest proszek kakaowy służący do produkcji czekolady zawierającej wiele składników bioaktywnych, w tym witaminy, składniki mineralne, polifenole i kwasy tłuszczowe. Czekolada pozytywnie wpływa na nastrój, zmniejsza podatność na stany depresyjne oraz stres oksydacyjny. Spożycie czekolady w trakcie ciąży może poprawić stan psychiczny przyszłych matek i zmniejszyć negatywny wpływ matczynego stresu na niemowlę. Dzięki wysokiej zawartości flawanoli wykazuje właściwości przeciwzapalne, przeciwalergiczne, przeciwwirusowe oraz przeciwnowotworowe. Pozytywnie wpływa na pamięć i umiejętności poznawcze, może zmniejszyć ryzyko demencji. Regularne spożywanie produktów zawierających kakao zmniejsza ryzyko zgonu z przyczyn sercowo-naczyniowych, a zwłaszcza udaru mózgu, oraz może zmniejszyć obwodową oporność na insulinę u kobiet z cukrzycą typu 2. Działa pobudzająco po wysiłku psychicznym lub fizycznym. Zapewnia uczucie sytości, dlatego była dodawana do żołnierskich racji żywnościowych w czasie I wojny światowej. Należy jednak pamiętać, że spożycie czekolady podnosi poziom kwasu szczawianowego w moczu oraz może prowadzić do zaostrzenia objawów trądziku pospolitego. Jest toksyczna dla zwierząt. Czekolada zawiera również związki, których znaczenie dla zdrowia nie zostało szczegółowo poznane.
PL
Recent research confirms the healthy properties of chocolate. However, the history of cocoa as a drug dates back several thousand years. The cocoa tree growing in the equatorial climate in the beliefs of the ancient Maya and Aztecs was a divine gift for humanity providing wisdom and universal knowledge. From its grains, cocoa powder is obtained for the production of chocolate, which contains many bioactive components, including vitamins, minerals, polyphenols and fatty acids. Chocolate positively affects the mood, reduces the susceptibility to depression and reduces oxidative stress. Consuming chocolate during pregnancy can improve the mental state of future mothers and reduce the negative impact of maternal stress on the infant. Due to the high content of flavanols it has antiinflammatory, antiallergic, anti-viral and anticancer properties. It positively affects memory and cognitive skills, and can reduce the risk of dementia. Regular consumption of products containing cocoa reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular causes, especially stroke, and may reduce peripheral insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. It has a stimulating effect on men-tal and physical exercise. It provides a feeling of fullness, which is why it was added to soldier's food rations during the First World War. However, it should be remembered that the consumption of chocolate raises the level of oxalic acid in the urine, and may lead to exacerbation of acne vulgaris. What is very important, this product is toxic for animals. Chocolate also contains compounds whose health importance is not known in detail.
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