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Assessment of body posture in younger schoolchildren

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Wojna D., Anwajler J., Hawrylak A., Barczyk K.
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2010
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vol. 18
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issue 4
27-39
PL
Intensywny rozwój nauki i techniki, poza wieloma korzyściami dla człowieka, niesie także duże zagrożenia dla jego rozwoju i zdrowia. Technizacja i bardzo szybkie tempo życia, nadmiar obowiązków szkolnych i pozaszkolnych, ograniczenie aktywności fizycznej i złe nawyki żywieniowe wpływają na powstawanie niekorzystnych zmian w postawie ciała coraz młodszych Polaków. Duży udział w powstawaniu wad postawy ciała ma styl życia młodego pokolenia, który negatywnie odbija się na zdrowiu i sprawności fizycznej. Celem pracy było prześledzenie zmian w postawie ciała dzieci w wieku 6-7 lat. Badaniami objęto 348 dzieci w wieku 6-7 lat z losowo wybranych, publicznych przedszkoli i szkół podstawowych Wrocławia. Metoda badań obejmowała ocenę postawy ciała w płaszczyźnie metodą fotogrametryczną oraz pomiar masy i wysokości ciała. Oceny jakości postawy badanego dziecka w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej dokonano według kryteriów Wolańskiego w modyfikacji Zeyland-Malawki, natomiast postawę ciała w płaszczyźnie czołowej i poprzecznej oceniono na podstawie wartości wskaźników asymetrii liniowej i kątowej wg klasyfikacji Bibrowicza. Wśród badanych dzieci w wieku 6-7 lat stwierdzono znaczny odsetek występowania wad postawy ciała. Postawy nieprawidłowe w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej występowały liczniej w grupie dzieci młodszych, natomiast w płaszczyźnie czołowej w grupie dzieci 7-letnich. W grupie sześciolatków częściej postawy nieprawidłowe stwierdzono wśród chłopców, natomiast u siedmiolatków wśród dziewcząt. W badanych grupach kształt i wielkość krzywizn przednio-tylnych kręgosłupa oraz wielkość wskaźników asymetrii nie różniły się istotnie statystycznie między dziewczętami a chłopcami.
EN
Development of science and technology, apart from its obvious advantages, carries a significant threat to development and health. Technicalization and a rapid pace of living, excess of school work and other duties, limited physical activity and bad nutrition habits cause unfavourable changes in the body posture of younger Poles. The lifestyle of the young generations, which is unfavourable to their health and fitness, has resulted in increased rate of postural disorders in this population. This study aimed at investigating the changes in body posture of children at the age of 6-7. Examinations covered 348 children at the age of 6-7 from randomly chosen public kindergartens and elementary schools in Wrocław. The research method was based on the assessment of body posture by means of photogrammetric examination and the measurement of body mass and height. The assessment of quality of posture in saggital plane was performed according to Wolański's criteria modified by Zeyland-Malawka, whereas body posture in the frontal and transverse plane was assessed on the basis of the values of linear and angular asymmetry indexes according to the classification Bibrowicz. A considerable percentage of faulty postures were found in the examined children. Faulty postures in saggital plane were more frequent in the group of younger children, whereas faulty postures in frontal plane were more frequent in the group of seven-year-old children. In the group of six-year olds, faulty postures were more frequent in boys, whereas, in the group of seven-year olds - in girls. The differences in the shape and size of anterior and posterior spinal curvatures and the values of asymmetry indices were not statistically significant between the girls and boys.
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The influence of applied research methods on the frequency of the appearance of abnormal spinal curvatures

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Drzał-Grabiec J., Walicka-Cupryś K., Truszczyńska A.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2013
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vol. 27
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issue 4
41-46
EN
Introduction: The frequency of the appearance of abnormal spinal curvatures is different, depending on the adopted method, the researcher and the adopted norms. The aim of the study is to compare the frequency of the appearance of abnormal spinal curvatures of the body, detected with the mechanical inclinometer and the Moire method, irrespectively of the adopted norms and their influence on the received diagnosis. Material and methods: 96 subjects were involved in the examinations (48 boys and 48 girls at the age of 9). Each tested child had the anterior-posterior spine curvatures examined, with the use of the photogrammetric method and the mechanical inclinometer. Results: Results of measurements of the α , β, γ angles differ significantly in the examined groups (p=0,017). The diagnosis from the photogrametric examination and the inclinometer is characterised by a low unanimity (25,0-37,2%). Similarly in case of comparing the diagnosis from the photogrametric examination, applying two various criteria, the agreement amounts to 9,5-42,3 %, in case of the flat back (93,5%). Conclusions: 1. The frequency of the detection of abnormal spinal curvatures will depend on the applied research method 2. The kind of the detected defect is based on the accepted norms even within one research method.
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Changes in shape of elderly foot

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Drzał-Grabiec J., Podgórska J., Rykała J., Walicka-Cupryś K., Truszczyńska A.
Advances in Rehabilitation
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2013
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vol. 27
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issue 4
13-19
EN
Introduction: The human foot is an important static and dynamic part of motor organ. Changes that occur with age in shaping the feet causes worsening the quality of life, loss of mobility and increased risk of falls. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the women and men’s over 60’s feet shape parameters. Material and Methods: Seventy people (35 women and 35 men), aged between 60 and 90 years old, mean body height 167±5.6 cm, mean weight 78.1±12. kg participated in the study. The control group consisted of 70 people (35 women and 35 men) between the age of 20 and 25, mean body height 172±7,3 cm, mean body weight 70±8,4 kg. Non-invasive photogrammetric method based on the Moiré phenomenon has been used to evaluate the feet shape parameters. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the foot shape between men and women over sixty, compared to the control group for the majority of tested parameters. Analyzing the parameters between a group of men and women, statistically significant differences were found regarding the length (P:p=0.0000; L:p=0.0000) and the width of the foot (P:p=0.0017; L:p=0.0007). The other parameters do not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: 1. The structure and the shape of a foot among men and women depends on age. 2. Changes in the foot shape among men and women over sixty, in most cases are not correlated with gender.
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Body posture in orphan children aged 8-13 years

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Grabara M.
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PL
Celem pracy było porównanie postawy ciała dzieci z placówek opiekuńczo-wychowawczych z postawą ciała dzieci z rodzin pełnych. Badaniami objęto 28 dziewcząt i 27 chłopców z domów dziecka, a grupę kontrolną stanowiło 36 dziewcząt i 36 chłopców. Przedział wiekowy wszystkich badanych to 8-13 lat. Do oceny postawy ciała wykorzystano metodę fotogrametryczną. Badania wykazały, iż u dzieci z domów dziecka notowano większe spłaszczenie kifozy piersiowej, częściej występowały też asymetrie trójkątów talii oraz skrzywienia boczne kręgosłupa z odchyleniem powyżej 10 mm. Zarówno w grupie eksperymentalnej, jak i kontrolnej ocena postawy w płaszczyźnie strzałkowej wskazała na znaczny odsetek postaw złych wg typologii Wolańskiego, przy tym u dzieci osieroconych były one częstsze, a dominującym typem postawy był typ lordotyczny.
EN
The purpose of the study was to compare body posture in orphan children with body posture in children from full families of the same age. The study was carried out in an experimental group consisting of 28 orphan girls and 27 boys and in a control group numbering 36 boys and 36 girls. The age of all the examined children ranged from 8 to 13 years. Body posture evaluation was carried out by means of photogrammetric method - the Moiré technique. The results showed greater flattening of thoracic kyphosis in orphan children as well as more frequent asymmetries of the waist's triangles and scoliosis of inclination over 10mm. In both the experimental and control group evaluation of the body posture in the sagittal plane revealed a high percentage of defective posture cases according to the Wolańki's typology and in the orphan children they were more common and lordotic posture type was the predominant one.
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