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Seasoning technologies of Gmelina arborea Roxb. lumber species grown at Bonga, SNNP, Ethiopia

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Desalegn G., Kaba G., Tesfaye A., Amanuel S.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 3
269-281
EN
Quality and performance of wood and wood-based products have been seriously affected by the major factors, among which moisture content (MC), inappropriate drying (seasoning) and density are the preceding ones. A study was conducted on Gmelina arborea lumber with the main objective of determining some imperative seasoning and density characteristics of the lumber that will help determine its wood quality and decide proper utilization. Gmelina arborea logs were harvested from Bonga trial site of Central Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Center (CEE-FRC). The experimental design for seasoning and density was complete randomized design. The experiments were conducted in air and kiln seasoning methods. Mean initial moisture content (IMC) of samples were determined using oven and MC for air seasoning stack was 143.80%, while for kiln seasoning was 120.19%. The final MC to reach to about 12% MC in air took 210 days, while kiln seasoning took 13.5 days. Kiln seasoning rate of Gmelina arborea lumber was 15 times faster than air seasoning. The species was classified as slow and fairly rapid air and kiln seasoning lumber species, respectively. When Gmelina arborea lumber seasoned from green to 12% MC, mean shrinkage (%) characteristic values: Tangential (3.63%), radial 1.58%), and volumetric (5.11 %). Mean density of Gmelina arborea lumber species at green (initial), basic and oven dried and at 12% MC was 940,400, 430 and 420 kg/m3, respectively. The density at 12% MC, (420 kg/m3) classified as light density lumber species. Gmelinaarboreashown good quality lumber characteristics, comparable with many indigenous and homegrown exotic lumber species in density, seasoning rate and shrinkage characteristics.
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