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Changes of Lactate Threshold during a Half-Year Training Cycle in "Arka Gdynia" Football Players

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Ignatiuk W., Rompa P., Radzimiński Ł., Dargiewicz R., Jastrzębski Z.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 2
104-112
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to assess lactate threshold changes during a half-year training cycle in S.S.A. "Arka Gdynia" football team.Material/Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 17 "Arka Gdynia" Football Club players. The subjects participated in premier league competitions in autumn 2009/10 season. Apart from league matches (17) the players took part in Remes Polish Cup (2 matches). Aerobic capacity tests were conducted at the beginning of the summer preparatory season (test 1 - 27th June 2009), during the competitive season (test 2 - 2nd September 2009) and at the beginning of the winter preparatory season (test 3 - 13th January 2010). The players underwent an incremental running test. Running speed (V/LT) and heart rate (HR/LT) at the lactate threshold were determined.Results: An analysis of mean running speed values at LT intensity in each study confirms that during the first two tests participants achieved the same mean value of the ratio V/LT (3.80 m/s). The last test revealed a regression of the results by 0.17 m/s. The lowest standard deviation (± 0.20 m/s) was observed in the first study, which indicates that the diversity of the group was the smallest.Conclusions: Goalkeepers achieved statistically lower (p<0.05) values of running speed at the intensity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (V/LT) in relation to field players.
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Lactate Threshold (D-Max Method) and Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists

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Czuba M., Zając A., Cholewa J., Poprzęcki S., Waśkiewicz Z., Mikołajec K.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 21
49-56
EN
The Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS) is defined as the highest workload that can be maintained over time where there is a balance between lactate production and lactate clearance. Therefore, determination of this workload is very importance for diagnosis of aerobic capacity and training program design.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of lactate threshold values determined by the D-max method as related to MLSS in cyclists. The research material included 10 female (body height 167±5.7 cm; body mass 56±4.8 kg; percent body fat 12.3±2.1) and 10 male well-trained cyclists (body height 183.5±4.4 cm; body mass 73.2±4.1 kg; percent body fat 7.9±2.6). The research had two distinct phases, separated by one day of active recovery. During the first phase, progressive tests were carried out to determine lactate threshold and maximal oxygen uptake in each subject. During the second phase, each athlete performed a series of 30-min ergocycle tests, with a fixed workload to establish maximal lactate steady state.Results showed no significant differences between lactate threshold workload (WRLT), determined by the D-max method, and maximal lactate steady state workload (WRMLSS) in female and male cyclists, expressed in absolute and relative values. Differences between male and female cyclists in absolute and relative values of WRLT, WRMLSS, and WRmax were significant (p<0.05), but in relative values there was a tendency for decreased differences between groups. The oxygen uptake at the lactate threshold and MLSS were significantly (p<0.05) different. Also, a significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in values of heart rate and lactate concentration at the lactate threshold and MLSS. The analysis of changes in lactate concentration, heart rate and oxygen uptake between the 10th and 30th minutes of MLSS, indicates that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in these values in male and female cyclists. The strong correlation (r=0.97; p<0.05) between WRLT and WRMLSS was found. Also, a significant correlation between (r=0.96; p<0.05) WRMLSS and peak workload during the incremental test (WRmax) (r=0.96; p<0.05) was also observed.
3
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An Application of Incremental Running Test Results to Train Professional Soccer Players

88%
Radzimiński Ł., Rompa P., Dargiewicz R., Ignatiuk W., Jastrzębski Z.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2010
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vol. 2
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issue 1
67-74
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to lay out an incremental running test to determine anaerobic threshold and its usefulness as a predictability factor of the physiological load on professional soccer players during soccer training activities.Material/Methods: Subjects performed multi-stage incremental running test at three time points throughout the soccer season on a synthetic soccer pitch to determine the lactate threshold. The initial speed was set at 2.8 m/s and increased by 0.4 m/s after each stage until termination. HR was recorded at 5-second intervals by the Polar heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, FIN) at the end of each 3.30 - 5 min running stage. A capillary blood sample was taken from the fingertip during 1 minute rest between stages. Blood lactate concentration from each sample was assigned to the corresponding values of the heart rate and the running speed. Beaver method was used to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and the corresponding values of HR (HR/LT) and the running speed (V/LT). According to V/LT and HR/LT players were assigned to running and training groups for optimal individualization of the training process. Players performed some training activities like running or small-sided games in those groups.Results: The velocity at LT in the first test was 3.61 ± 0.22 m/s and increased during the preparation period (Test 2 - 3.79 ± 0.21 m/s). A further increment was observed during the soccer season. HR/LT was 173.90 ± 7 bpm in the first test and decreased after preseason preparations to 168.58 ± 6.78 bpm. During the soccer season no significant changes were observed.Conclusions: In this study we have observed that aerobic fitness increased during the preparation period and a further increment was observed after the competitive season. The present study shows V/LT and HR/LT as useful indicators for programming and monitoring training loads.
4
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Newer Perspectives in Lactate Threshold Estimation for Endurance Sports – A Mini-Review

88%
Krishnan A., Guru C. S., Sivaraman A., Alwar T., Sharma D., Angrish P.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2021
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vol. 35
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issue 3
99-116
EN
Lactate threshold (LT) estimation in endurance sports continues to be a widely controversial field amongst sports scientists and students despite beyond 50 years of research. With the advent of technology and superior sensors, LT research has ventured into newer fields involving wearables and artificial intelligence. Still, there is a felt need to understand the focused areas of LT research and to guide the students, sports scientists and coaches. The main aim of this mini-review is to identify research categories in a descriptive manner and to synthesize broad themes for future research from latest literature. A comprehensive electronic search in three databases was performed including only original free full text research articles conducted in athletes and heathy subjects, published in English between 2016 and 2020 following PRISMA guidelines. Out of screened 466 articles, 14 articles were finally shortlisted as per inclusion criteria and the findings were summarized. Five research categories were identified and reviewed. To conclude, there is a need for consensus in Graded Exercise test protocols used, LT concepts validity for specific sports and the application of valid, reliable noninvasive LT estimation methods in endurance sports. Synthesized broad themes would help guide sports scientists, students and researchers for future research.
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