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Postural Sway Response to Rebound Jumps of Different Duration

100%
Zemková E., Kyselovičová O., Hamar D.
Human Movement
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 2
153-156
EN
Purpose. The study compares the sway variables after continuous CMJs eliciting different level of proprioceptive stimulation determined by percentage of max height of the jump. Basic procedures. A group of 11 aerobic dancers performed in random order repeated jumps with maximal effort until the jump height dropped to 75%, 50%, and 25% of previously established max jump achieved in non-fatigued conditions. The height of CMJs was calculated from flight times registered by FiTRO Jumper. Thirty seconds prior to and two minutes after exercises the COP velocity was registered at 100 Hz by means of posturography system FiTRO Sway Check based on dynamometric platform. Main findings. Results showed that max height of the jump (MJ) decreased from 27.7 ± 2.8 cm to 20.1 ± 2.6 cm when subjects matched 75% of 1MJ, to 13.8 ± 1.6 cm at 50% of 1MJ, and to 6.9 ± 0.8 cm at 25% of 1MJ. The COP velocity was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher after jumps dropped to 75% of 1MJ as compared to baseline (from 9.2 ± 1.6 mm/s to 14.5 ± 2.4 mm/s). Its further significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase was observed after jumps dropped to 50% of 1MJ (to 19.6 ± 2.6 mm/s). However, there was only slight increase in COP velocity after jumps dropped to 25% of 1MJ (to 21.4 ± 3.2 mm/s). Conclusions. Taking into account a gradual increase in sway velocity after jumps matched 75% and 50% of 1MJ and its no further increase after jumps matched 25% of 1MJ, it may be assumed that post-exercise balance impairment is not linearly related to the level of proprioceptive stimulation.
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CRITERIA OF ATHLETE NEUROMUSCULAR SYSTEM RESERVE CAPACITIES DURING PERFORMANCE OF SPEED-STRENGTH WORK

75%
Pryimakov O., Jashchanin J., Shchegolkov A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2014
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vol. 6
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issue 2
35-43
EN
The work presents complex methods of simultaneous registration of electric activity of the lower extremity muscles and efforts developed in the process of jumping test performance to exhaustion with revealing structural changes of muscles, their capillaries and other energy supply elements. Methodology reveals inborn predisposition of the system of execution and management of locomotion to loads of different character as well as the level of neuromuscular system reserve capacities in the process of long-term adaptation to physical loads.
3
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Effects of Plyometric Training on Maximal Power Output and Jumping Ability

75%
Makaruk H., Sacewicz T.
Human Movement
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2010
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vol. 11
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issue 1
17-22
EN
Purpose. The study aims to determine the effect of plyometric exercises performed with minimum ground contact time on the maximal power output of the legs and jumping ability. Basic procedures. This study sample comprised 44 non-training students of physical education. Following randomization, the experimental group performed plyometric exercises for six weeks, whereas the control group participated only in lectures. The subjects performed counter movement jumps (CMJ), depth jumps (DJ) and a five-hop test. Main findings. After the completion of plyometric training, an increase in the relative maximal power output (p ≤ 0.001) in CMJ and DJ was observed, whereas the center of mass elevation and the five-hop test distance length did not change significantly (p>0.05). Additionally, the rebound time in DJ was significantly shorter and the range of counter movement in the knee decreased (p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions. Depending on the aim of programme, plyometric training should determine the ways of performing exercises. Methodological guidelines in plyometric training aimed at increasing the maximal power output may be different from indications concerning jumping ability.
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