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THE EFFECTS OF A 10-WEEK STEP AEROBICS TRAINING ON VO 2 max, ISOMETRIC STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF YOUNG WOMEN

100%
Drobnik-Kozakiewicz I., Sawczyn M., Zarębska A., Kwitniewska A., Szumilewicz A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2013
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vol. 4
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issue 4
3-9
EN
Health status is partly determined by physical fitness level. Physical fitness can be developed through different physical activities under condition that regularity and intensity are maintained on optimal level. One of such physical activities is step aerobics - one of the most popular collective fitness forms offered in fitness clubs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of step aerobics training on VO2max, isometric strength and body composition of young female students. Female students aged 19-21 of University of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk were subjects in this study. VO2max, isometric strength of elbow flexors and knee extensors, as well as body composition, were measured week before and week after a ten-week step aerobics training. For statistical analysis, basic descriptive statistics and student’s t-test were applied for dependent variables. After ten weeks of training there were no statistically significant changes in body composition, probably due to lack of calorie intake control. Significant changes were observed in isometric strength of elbow flexors but no changes in isometric strength of knee extensors. There was a compensation in isometric strength noted between left and right leg after ten weeks of training, where left leg was weaker than the right leg before training. Significant changes were noted in VO2max values, which increased from 42.04 ml/kg/min-1 to 45.71 ml/kg/min-1. Step aerobics training can sufficiently increase VO2max in young females and has a potential in developing strength of upper extremities. When body composition is the main purpose, diet should be taken under consideration.
2
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The Gluteus Medius Vs. Thigh Muscles Strength Ratio and Their Relation to Electromyography Amplitude During a Farmer’s Walk Exercise

88%
Stastny P., Lehnert M., Zaatar A., Svoboda Z., Xaverova Z., Pietraszewski P.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2015
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vol. 45
|
issue 1
157-165
EN
The strength ratio between hamstrings and quadriceps (H/Q) is associated with knee injuries as well as hip abductor muscle (HAB) weakness. Sixteen resistance trained men (age, 32.5 ± 4.2 years) performed 5 s maximal isometric contractions at 75° of knee flexion/extension and 15° of hip abduction on a dynamometer. After this isometric test they performed a Farmer´s walk exercise to find out if the muscle strength ratio predicted the electromyography amplitude expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The carried load represented a moderate intensity of 75% of the exercise six repetitions maximum (6RM). Electromyography data from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus medius (Gmed) on each leg were collected during the procedure. The groups selected were participants with H/Q ≥ 0.5, HQ < 0.5, HAB/H ≥ 1, HAB/H < 1, HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 and HAB/Q < 0.5. One way ANOVA showed that Gmed activity was significantly greater in the group with HAB/H < 1 (42 ± 14 %MVIC) as compared to HAB/H ≥ 1 (26 ± 10 %MVIC) and HAB/Q < 0.5 (47 ± 19 %MVIC) compared to HAB/Q ≥ 0.5 (26 ± 12 %MVIC). The individuals with HAB/H < 1 were found to have greater activation of their Gmed during the Farmer’s walk exercise. Individuals with HAB/Q < 0.5 had greater activation of the Gmed. Gmed strength ratios predict the muscle involvement when a moderate amount of the external load is used. The Farmer’s walk is recommended as an exercise which can strengthen the gluteus medius, especially for individuals with a HAB/H ratio < 1 and HAB/Q < 0.5.
3
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Reliability of Handgrip Strength Test in Basketball Players

88%
Gerodimos V.
Journal of Human Kinetics
|
2012
|
vol. 31
25-36
EN
Handgrip strength is important in basketball as various movements rely on the continuous use of wrist and digits flexor muscles when catching, holding, shooting and throwing the ball. Therefore, the assessment of handgrip strength is used in prepubertal, adolescent and adult basketball players. The reliability of handgrip strength may be influenced by several factors including age. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of handgrip strength in basketball players from childhood to adulthood. Male basketball players (n = 90) were assigned into three groups: prepubertal (9.8 ± 0.7yrs), adolescents (14.4 ± 0.6yrs), and adults (26.1 ± 5.6yrs). Each participant performed three maximal isometric contractions on each hand in two occasions, one day apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. The test-retest reliability was high for both preferred (ICC = 0.94 - 0.98) and non-preferred (ICC = 0.96 - 0.98) hands, without differences in reliability among age-groups. The results showed a significant age-related increase (p < 0.05) in absolute and relative handgrip strength irrespective of hand preference. The present results indicate that maximum handgrip strength can be measured reliably, using the Jamar hand dynamometer, in basketball players from childhood to adulthood.
4
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Core Strength as a Paramount Contributor for Potential Upper Limb Isometric Strength - A Correlational Study

88%
Kaur H., Chaudhary S., Chhabra C.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
|
2023
|
vol. 42
45-53
EN
It is believed that a strong core will enable an athlete to effectively transfer forces from the lower extremities through the torso to the upper extremities. Control of the shoulder girdle force is important for the proper function of the upper extremities, although stabilising forces from the trunk and pelvis are also important. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between shoulder isometric push-up/pull-down strength and isometric strength of the abdominal muscles. Using the HUR Rehab-Line 5310 and 5120, isometric upper limb and core strength was measured. The statistical analysis revealed a moderate but significant positive association between the strength of the back muscles and isometric push-ups. Additionally, there was a weak and significant connection between isometric push-ups and abdominal strength. The study therefore draws the conclusion that there is a link between isometric upper limb performance and core musculature strength/stability. The abdominal and back muscles' isometric strength is closely tied to the isometric push-up, which is attributable to the contraction of the Pectoralis Major, Deltoid, and Triceps Brachii. The only muscle group identified to have a substantial and positive correlation with isometric pull-down strength is the abdominal muscles.
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