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EN
Samples of crude mucin were incubated at room temperature for 48 and 96 h in a sodium azide containing buffer, pH 7.0. Then each sample was purified, reduced and alkylated with iodo[^14C]acetamide. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that radioactivity was incorporated into the mucin subunits and proteins of 100 and 140 kDa. The results of our experiments suggest that the released proteins can be a part of mucin molecule, cleaved by proteolysis and reduction of disulfide bridges.
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 1
35-40
EN
The knowledge about biological activities of constituents from medicinal mushrooms belonging to the genus Tricholoma is limited. A 59-kDa laccase has now been purified from fresh fruiting bodies of the mushroom Tricholoma matsutake. The purification protocol entailed ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, affinity chromatography on ConA-Sepharose, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. Of the various affinity and ion exchange chromatographic media employed, the laccase bound only on Con A-Sepharose. The activity of the laccase did not undergo major changes over the temperature range 20-80°C. However, all activity vanished following exposure to 100°C for 10 minutes. The enzyme activity varied only slightly over the pH range 3-5, with the optimal pH of 5, but exhibited a precipitous decline when the pH was increased to 6, and was undetectable at pH 8 and 9. The laccase showed activity in the decolorization of azo dyes without a mediator. Its N-terminal sequence demonstrated only slight resemblance to those of other mushroom laccases. The newly described laccase is distinctive from the previously isolated Tricholoma mushroom laccases in a number of aspects.
EN
Naegleria belongs to the free-living amoeba family and is well-known as a human pathogen. It is recognized as etiological agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis involving central nervous system which always leads to death. To date, there is not a single report demonstrating Naegleria isolation and identification from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan, and thus the aim of this study. Naegleria was isolated on non-nutrient agar plates seeded with heat killed E. coli and confirmed by morphological properties of the both stages of cyst or trophozoites. Furthermore, PCR was conducted along with direct sequencing of the PCR product for molecular identification. PCR and sequencing data verified the amplification of Naegleria sp. (07) and Vahlkampfia sp. (01) from both water and soil samples. Interestingly two species were successfully isolated and cultured on both 30 and 45°C. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the Naegleria isolation and molecular characterization from environmental sources of Rawlakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The author is anxious for further evaluation of the pathogenic potential of the identified species and explores drinking water across Pakistan to investigate its quality and frequency of FLA, which might be a possible human hazard in future.
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