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vol. XVII
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issue 2
215-232
EN
The article discusses the history of Bydgoszcz psychology in the interwar period (1918-1939). Main initiatives of the local circle, connected with the popularization, teaching and practical applications of psychological knowledge were all described. The activity of “Koło Psychologiczne” (or “Psychological Circle”), the beginnings of vocational guidance and the courses of further education in the field of psychology were also subject to our discussion. The most important forms for popularization of psychology in Bydgoszcz’s newspapers and public lecturing activities in the fields of psychology and other, related to it, were also presented.
UK
У міжвоєнний період м. Львів виступало центром українсыкого політичного та культурного жкиття Польщі. Незважаючи на непрості політичні обставини, українсыкі еліти намагалися формулювати образ міста як „серця й мозку" західної України. У 1928 р. нагодою до цього стали, зокрема, березневі вибори до парламенту та листопадові святкування десятої річниці спалаху українсыко-польської війни.
EN
During tne mid-war period Lviv was a leading centre of Ukrainian cultural and political life in Polish state. Despite the untavourable political situation Ukrainian elites tried to create mythologized image of the city as a ”heart and brain” of West Ukraine. In 1928 the opportunities for such actions were, among others, parliamentary elections in March, and - in November - 1st anniversary of the outbreak of the Ukrainian-Polish war.
RU
Во время первой мировой войны Львов стал полем борьбы между поляками и украинцами за обладание городом. Во время конфликта евреи объявили нейтралитет. Тем не менее, после занятия Львова поляками, в городе начались антисемитские беспорядки. Евреев (в основном ложно) обвиняли в сотрудничестве с украинцами. Погром длился 2 дня (22 – 23 октября) и очень сильно повлиял на полско-еврейские отношения. Другим важным вопросом являлся вопрос равноправия евреев и персональной автономии. Еврейские политические партии понимали и поддерживали стремления евреев к автономии. Поляки, по нескольким причинам, не могли согласится на еврейские требования. Борьбу евреев за права общественное мнение принимало как подтверждение их враждебного настроения к Польще.
EN
Polish-Jewish relations in Lviv 1918 – 1919 (selected issues). During World War I Lviv became a field of struggle between Poles and Ukrainians for the possession of the city. During the conflict Jews declared to be neutral. Nevertheless, when the Polish army took over the city, anti-Jewish riots started. Jews were, mainly falsely, believed to support Ukrainians. The pogrom lasted for two days (Nov 22 – 23 1918) and had a strong negative effect on the Polish-Jewish relations. Another important issue was the question of equality for Jews. Most of the Jewish political parties in Lviv understood and supported the demand. Poles, for various reasons, could not agree to grant Jews with a national-cultural autonomy. For the public opinion in Poland, the Jewish struggle for equality was only another example of their hostility towards the Polish state.
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