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MODELING THE TOTAL ENERGY COSTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE: A WORK IN PROGRESS

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Scott C. B., Reis V. M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

2016

vol. 14

issue 2

5 - 12

We present an aerobic and anaerobic, exercise and recovery energy cost model of intermittent energy costs utilizing task (work, Joules) as opposed to rate (per minute) measurements. Low to moderate intensity steady state exercise energy costs are typically portrayed as the volumetric rate at which oxygen is consumed (VO2 L min–1), where a proportionate upward climbing linear relationship is profiled with an increasing power output; add to this the concept of the anaerobic threshold and energy costs increase with more intense aerobic exercise in disproportion to VO2 L min–1 measurements. As a per task function, intermittent work and recovery bouts contain a combined estimate of total costs, that is as kJ or kcal (not kJ.min-1 or kcal.min-1). Adopting this approach to describe single and multiple sets of resistance training, the model that emerges for intermittent resistance exercise portrays linearity between equivalent work and total energy costs that differs proportionately among conditions – “continuous” muscular endurance vs. Intermittent higher load strength work, moderately paced vs. slower and faster conditions, smaller vs. larger working muscle masses and failure (fatigue) vs. non-failure states. Moreover, per kcal (or kJ) of total energy costs, work (J) is more inefficient with a greater load and lower repetition number as opposed to lower resistance with an increased number of repetitions. The concept of energy costs Rusing disproportionately with increased or prolonged work does not appear to apply to resistance exercise.

TOTAL ENERGY COSTS – AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC, EXERCISE AND RECOVERY – OF FIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISES

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Scott C. B., Luchini A., Knausenberger A., Steitz A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

2014

vol. 8

issue 4

53-59

We utilized a non-steady state method (kJ per set, not kJ min–1) to estimate the total energy costs (aerobic and anaerobic, exercise and recovery) of five different resistance exercises: incline bench press, squat, deadlift, shoulder shrug and calf raise. Using a Smith machine, work was precisely measured as the product of the vertical distance the lifting bar traveled and the amount of weight lifted. The average of two lifts performed on separate days was completed by 16 women (165 cm; 61.1 kg; 21.8 years) and 22 men (180.5 cm; 83 kg; 23.7 years). Overall 40 data points (the averages of 80 lifts) were plotted and correlations completed within each exercise for work and total energy costs: deadlift r = 0.997, squat r = 0.977, incline press r = 0.947, shoulder shrug r = 0.921 and calf raise r = 0.941 (p < 0.05). The amount of oxygen consumed during exercise for each lift represented the lowest energy cost contribution (18%), followed by anaerobic (31%) and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC, 51%) (p < 0.05). The identification of work (J) along with an estimate of the total energy costs (kJ) revealed remarkably consistent relationships within any given resistance exercise, leading to a predictable increase in the cost of lifting for each exercise. However, due to the muscle/joint and movement characteristics of each exercise, the work to cost relationship differed for all lifts.

An Application of Incremental Running Test Results to Train Professional Soccer Players

88%

Radzimiński Ł., Rompa P., Dargiewicz R., Ignatiuk W., Jastrzębski Z.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

2010

vol. 2

issue 1

67-74

Background: The aim of this study was to lay out an incremental running test to determine anaerobic threshold and its usefulness as a predictability factor of the physiological load on professional soccer players during soccer training activities.Material/Methods: Subjects performed multi-stage incremental running test at three time points throughout the soccer season on a synthetic soccer pitch to determine the lactate threshold. The initial speed was set at 2.8 m/s and increased by 0.4 m/s after each stage until termination. HR was recorded at 5-second intervals by the Polar heart rate monitor (Polar Electro, FIN) at the end of each 3.30 - 5 min running stage. A capillary blood sample was taken from the fingertip during 1 minute rest between stages. Blood lactate concentration from each sample was assigned to the corresponding values of the heart rate and the running speed. Beaver method was used to determine the lactate threshold (LT) and the corresponding values of HR (HR/LT) and the running speed (V/LT). According to V/LT and HR/LT players were assigned to running and training groups for optimal individualization of the training process. Players performed some training activities like running or small-sided games in those groups.Results: The velocity at LT in the first test was 3.61 ± 0.22 m/s and increased during the preparation period (Test 2 - 3.79 ± 0.21 m/s). A further increment was observed during the soccer season. HR/LT was 173.90 ± 7 bpm in the first test and decreased after preseason preparations to 168.58 ± 6.78 bpm. During the soccer season no significant changes were observed.Conclusions: In this study we have observed that aerobic fitness increased during the preparation period and a further increment was observed after the competitive season. The present study shows V/LT and HR/LT as useful indicators for programming and monitoring training loads.

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2 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

1 Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

1 2016

1 2014

1 2010

2 Scott C. B.

1 Dargiewicz R.

1 Ignatiuk W.

1 Jastrzębski Z.

1 Knausenberger A.

1 Luchini A.

1 Radzimiński Ł.

1 Reis V. M.

1 Rompa P.

1 Steitz A.

Search results

MODELING THE TOTAL ENERGY COSTS OF RESISTANCE EXERCISE: A WORK IN PROGRESS

TOTAL ENERGY COSTS – AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC, EXERCISE AND RECOVERY – OF FIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISES

An Application of Incremental Running Test Results to Train Professional Soccer Players