Search results

1

Non specific vaccines – immunostimulation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections

100%

Paśnik J.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

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2016

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vol. 70

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issue 6

31-39

EN

Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children are the most common cause of outpatient visits. Due to the necessity of treatment of chronic, frequent use of antibiotics and the dangers of complications are a major clinical problem. Big hopes are now with the possibility of the use of immunostimulation as prevention of these infections. The paper discusses the most important methods of stimulation of the immune system in children. In the light of previous reports were evaluated effects of this type of therapy.

2

IN VIVO STIMULATION OF PERITONEAL CELLS BY CHITOSAN ADMINISTERED IN DRINKING WATER TO MICE

100%

Brodaczewska K., Doligalska M.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2012

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vol. 17

111 - 116

EN

The aim of the study was to determine immunostimulant properties of chitosan administered alimentary to BALB/c mice. We observed that chitosan feeding effected in activation of cells from the peritoneal cavity. The cells produced less nitric oxide with simultaneous enhanced activity of arginase and higher expression of receptor for IL-4. What is more, chitosan caused increased number of cells expressing MHC class II. The study confirms that chitosan can stimulate immune system what potentially makes it useful candidate for adjuvant.

3

Vaccines nonspecific – immunostimulation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections

100%

Paśnik J.

Otolaryngologia Polska

|

2016

|

vol. 70(6)

31-39

EN

Recurrent respiratory tract infections in children are the most common cause of outpatient visits. Due to the necessity of treatment of chronic, frequent use of antibiotics and the dangers of complications are a major clinical problem. Big hopes are now with the possibility of the use of immunostimulation as prevention of these infections. The paper discusses the most important methods of stimulation of the immune system in children. In the light of previous reports were evaluated effects of this type of therapy.

4

Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on Toll-like receptor expression and cytokine levels in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

88%

Wang F., Wang S. Q., Wang H. F., Wu Z. C., Bao W. B., Wu S. L., Wang F., Wang S. Q., Wang H. F., Wu Z. C., Bao W. B., Wu S. L.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 1

5

Immunosuppressive influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) infection on cellular defense mechanisms in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

88%

Schulz P., Deperasińska I., Kaczorek-Łukowska E., Siwicki A. K.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2019

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issue 4

6

Purification and characterization of antibacterial proteins from granular hemocytes of Indian mud crab, Scylla serrata

88%

Yedery R. D., Reddy K. V. R.

|

issue 1

71-82

EN

Marine invertebrates depend upon antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a major component of innate immunity, as they are rapidly synthesized and diffuse upon pathogen invasion. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a 11 kDa antimicrobial protein, which we name SSAP (for Scylla serrata antimicrobial protein), from granular hemocytes of the mangrove crab S. serrata. The protein is highly similar to scygonadin, a male-specific AMP isolated from the ejaculatory duct of S. serrata. SSAP was isolated using various chromatographic techniques, viz. ion-exchange, ultra filtration and RP-HPLC, and demonstrated antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Full length mRNA encoding SSAP was amplified using a combination of RT-PCR and RACE. The nucleotide sequence revealed a full-length ORF of 381 bp coding for a preprotein of 126 amino acids comprising a signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 102 amino acids with a predicted mass of 11435 Da and pI of 5.70. Unlike scygonadin, SSAP is expressed in several tissues of both male and female crabs, as evidenced by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot analyses. The study suggests that SSAP might be an isoform or a variant of scygonadin and might play an important role in regulating the immunity of the crab upon microbial infection.

7

Receptory związane z białkami G w odporności wrodzonej bezkręgowców

75%

Andrejko M., Mizerska-Kowalska M., Zdzisińska B.

Kosmos

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2017

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vol. 66

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issue 4

553-562

PL

Receptory związane z białkami G (GPCRs) stanowią najliczniejszą i bardzo zróżnicowaną grupę receptorów błonowych odpowiedzialnych za przekazywanie sygnałów ze środowiska zewnętrznego do wnętrza komórki. GPCRs uczestniczą niemal w każdym aspekcie życia organizmów, regulując m. in. mechanizmy związane z odpowiedzią immunologiczną, zarówno u kręgowców, jak i bezkręgowców. W pracy opisano ogólną budowę i klasyfikację GPCRs, mechanizmy aktywacji i przekazywania sygnału przez te receptory oraz sposoby regulacji ich aktywności. Ponadto zamieszczono podstawowe informacje na temat mechanizmów rozpoznawania patogenów przez bezkręgowce. W zasadniczej części pracy zaprezentowano wyniki najnowszych badań dotyczące zaangażowania GPCRs w reakcje obronne bezkręgowców, na przykładzie wybranych organizmów modelowych, tj. skrzypłocza atlantyckiego (Limulus polyphemus), muszki owocowej (Drosophila melanogaster) oraz nicienia (Caenorhabditis elegans).

EN

The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors engaged in extracellular signals transduction. GPCRs are involved in almost all aspects of vertebrates and invertebrates' life, including regulation of the immune response mechanisms. The paper describes the general structure and classification of GPCRs. Moreover, it presents the mechanisms of GPCR activation and signal transduction as well as the regulation of GPCR activity. Furthermore, basic information about the mechanisms of pathogen recognition by invertebrates is included. The main part of this review shows the most recent data about the involvement of GPCRs in defense mechanisms of invertebrates such as the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), and nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans).

8

Activation of MAP kinase pathways in Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis

75%

Wojda I., Koperwas K., Jakubowicz T.

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2014

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vol. 61

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issue 1

185-189

EN

We followed changes in the level of phospho-MAP kinases in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella after infection with Bacillus thuringiensis. We observed an enhanced level of phosphorylated p38 and JNK in fat bodies of the infected larvae. In hemocytes, injection of B. thuringiensis caused the highest increase in phospho-JNK, however, all pathways were activated after aseptic injection. We report that Galleria mellonella larvae exposed to heat shock before infection showed an enhanced level of phosphorylated JNK in fat body. This finding is relevant in the light of our previous reports, which submit evidence that pre-shocked animals are more resistant to infection.

9

Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and β-glucan affects immune parameters in the tench (Tinca tinca) fry

75%

Kazuń B., Małaczewska J., Kazuń K., Kamiński R., Żylińska-Urban J., Kazuń B., Małaczewska J., Kazuń K., Kamiński R., Żylińska-Urban J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 4

10

The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions

51%

Dzik J. M.

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2010

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vol. 57

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issue 4

443-466

EN

The last two decades of study enriched greatly our knowledge of how the immune system originated and the sophisticated immune mechanisms of today's vertebrates and invertebrates developed. Even unicellular organisms possess mechanisms for pathogen destruction and self recognition. The ability to distinguish self from non-self is a prerequisite for recognition of sexual compatibility and ensuring survival. Molecules involved in these processes resemble those found in the phagocytic cells of higher organisms. Recognition of bacteria by scavenger receptors induces phagocytosis or endocytosis. The phagocytic mechanisms characterizing the amoeboid protozoans developed further during the evolution towards innate immunity. The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain SRCR is encoded in the genomes from the most primitive sponges to mammals. The immune system of sponges comprises signal transduction molecules which occur in higher metazoans as well. Sponges already possess recognition systems for pathogenic bacteria and fungi, based on membrane receptors (a lipopolysaccharide-interacting protein, a cell surface receptor recognizing β(1 → 3)-d-glucans of fungi). Perforin-like molecules and lysozymes are involved, among others, in defense in sponges. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species function in the immunity of early metazoan. Genes encoding the family of reactive oxygen-generating NADPH oxidases (Noxes) are found in a variety of protists and plants. The NO synthases of cnidarians, mollusks, and chordates are conserved with respect to the mammalian NOS. The antimicrobial peptides of protozoans, amoebapores, are structural and functional analogs of the natural killer cell peptide, NK-lysin, of vertebrates. An ancestral S-type lectin has been found in sponges. Opsonizing properties of lectins and the ability to agglutinate cells justify their classification as primitive recognition molecules. Invertebrate cytokines are not homologous to those of vertebrate, and their functional convergence was presumably enabled by the general similarity of the lectin-like recognition domain three-dimensional structure. Sponges contain molecules with SCR/CCP domains that show high homology to the mammalian regulators of complement activation (RCA family). A multi-component complement system comprising at least the central molecule of the complement system, C3, Factor B, and MASP developed in the cnidarians and evolved into the multilevel cascade engaged in innate and acquired immunity of vertebrates. The adaptive immune system of mammals is also deeply rooted in the metazoan evolution. Some its precursors have been traced as deep as in sponges, namely, two classes of receptors that comprise Ig-like domains, the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), and the non-enzymic sponge adhesion molecules (SAM). The antibody-based immune system defined by the presence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), T-cell receptor (TCR), B-cell receptor (BCR) or recombination activating genes (RAGs) is known beginning from jawed fishes. However, genes closely resembling RAG1 and RAG2 have been uncovered in the genome of a see urchin. The ancestry of MHC gene remains unknown. Similarly, no homologue of the protein binding domain (PBD) in MHC molecules has been found in invertebrates. The pathway by which endogenous peptides are degraded for presentation with class I MHC molecules utilizes mechanisms similar to those involved in the normal turnover of intracellular proteins, apparently recruited to work also for the immune system. Several cDNAs coding for lysosomal enzymes, e.g., cathepsin, have been isolated from sponges. All chromosomal duplication events in the MHC region occurred after the origin of the agnathans but before the gnathostomes split from them. The V-domains of the subtype found in the receptors of T and B-cells are known from both agnathans and cephalochordates, although they do not rearrange. The rearrangement mechanism of the lymphocyte V-domains suggests its origin from a common ancestral domain existing before the divergence of the extant gnathostome classes. Activation-induced deaminase (AID) - homologous proteins have been found only in the gnathostomes. It appears thus that the adaptive immunity of vertebrates is a result of stepwise accumulation of small changes in molecules, cells and organs over almost half a billion years.

11

Immunometabolizm czyli jak procesy biochemiczne kontrolują funkcje obronne leukocytów

51%

Cichoń I., Kołaczkowska E.

Kosmos

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2017

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vol. 66

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issue 4

635-649

PL

W ostatnich latach nową, dynamicznie rozwijającą się gałęzią nauki o odporności jest immunometabolizm. Dział ten bada jak przemiany metaboliczne zachodzące w komórkach układu odpornościowego, wpływają na ich przetrwanie, rozwój, ale także funkcje wykonawcze. W opracowaniu tym opisujemy przebieg podstawowych i pomocniczych szlaków pozyskania energii przez leukocyty, a w szczególności glikolizę, cykl Krebsa, szlak pentozofosforanowy oraz utlenienie kwasów tłuszczowych. Przedstawiamy znaczenie poszczególnych szlaków dla funkcjonowania leukocytów, rozwoju ich fenotypu (np. makrofagów M1 i M2), oraz przełączania szlaków podczas ich aktywacji. Zmiany te mogą wpływać na funkcje obronne w czasie reakcji zapalnej, infekcji lub uszkodzenia tkanek. Z drugiej strony, leukocyty mogą realizować różne programy metaboliczne, celem pozyskania energii do walki z patogenami. Zależność pomiędzy funkcjami obronnymi a metabolizmem rzuca także nowe światło na zrozumienie mechanizmów chorób metabolicznych, a przede wszystkim kompleksowej odpowiedzi immunologicznej.

EN

In recent years, a new branch of immunology called immunometabolism has been established. The discipline focuses on intracellular metabolic changes in immune cells that impact - influence their survival, development, as well as defense mechanisms. Here we provide a brief summary of basic and ancillary metabolic pathways which leukocytes utilize to obtain energy, with a special focus on glycolysis, TCA cycle, penthosophosphate pathway and fatty acid oxidation. Significance of the given metabolic path for leukocyte functioning, phenotype changes (e.g. M1 vs. M2 macrophages) and biochemical changes during activation is discussed. The metabolic changes can in fact shape the effector functions during inflammation, infection or tissue injury. On the other hand, leukocytes can adopt different metabolic programs to gain energy required to eliminate pathogens. An interplay between immunity and metabolism sheds new light on understanding of metabolic diseases but foremost on complex immune responses.

12

różnorodność peptydów przeciwdrobnoustrojowych bezkręgowców

51%

Zdybicka-Barabas A., Cytryńska M.

Kosmos

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2017

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vol. 66

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issue 4

563-574

PL

Peptydy przeciwdrobnoustrojowe są kluczowymi efektorami odporności wrodzonej. Wykazują działanie przeciwbakteryjne, przeciwgrzybowe, przeciwpierwotniacze, a często przeciwwirusowe i przeciwnowotworowe. Wiele z nich zaangażowanych jest w neutralizację endotoksyn patogenów oraz ma właściwości immunomodulacyjne, stąd określane są również jako peptydy odpornościowe. O bogactwie i różnorodności naturalnie występujących peptydów przeciwdrobnoustrojowych świadczy ich liczba zgromadzona w bazie Antimicrobial Peptide Database (aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php), która zawiera dane dotyczące ponad 2100 peptydów zidentyfikowanych u zwierząt. Spośród nich ponad 570 to peptydy odpornościowe bezkręgowców, w tym 495 opisanych u stawonogów. Niezwykle szerokie występowanie peptydów przeciwdrobnoustrojowych u przedstawicieli wszystkich królestw jednoznacznie wskazuje na ich fundamentalną rolę w sukcesie ewolucyjnym złożonych organizmów wielokomórkowych. Ich zasadnicze znaczenie w odporności bezkręgowców podkreśla ponadto fakt, że większość opisanych pod tym względem gatunków wytwarza zestaw peptydów zróżnicowanych pod względem struktury przestrzennej, właściwości biochemicznych, mechanizmu działania oraz spektrum aktywności przeciwdrobnoustrojowej.

EN

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the key effectors of innate immunity. They exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and often antiviral and anticancer activities. Many of them are involved in neutralization of pathogen endotoxins, have immunomodulatory properties, and are therefore referred to as defense peptides (host defense peptides). The wealth and diversity of naturally occurring AMPs is evidenced by their numbers in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php), which contains data on over 2100 peptides identified in animals. Of these, over 570 are invertebrate peptides, including 495 described in arthropods. The unusually widespread presence of AMPs in all kingdoms clearly indicates their fundamental role in the evolutionary success of complex multicellular organisms. Their essential role in invertebrate immunity further emphasizes the fact that most species produce a set of defense peptides varied in terms of spatial structure, biochemical properties, mechanism of action and spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

13

Receptory rozpoznające wirusowe kwasy nukleinowe w odpowiedzi przeciwwirusowej ryb

51%

Rakus K., Chadzińska M.

Kosmos

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2017

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vol. 66

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issue 4

609-621

PL

Kluczowym etapem nieswoistej reakcji odpornościowej organizmu na zakażenie wirusowe jest szybkie wykrycie obecności wirusów w komórce i aktywacja syntezy interferonów (IFN) typu I. Wirusowe kwasy nukleinowe (DNA i RNA) są głównymi strukturami pochodzenia wirusowego rozpoznawanymi przez receptory wrodzonego układu odpornościowego. Wśród receptorów rozpoznających te struktury bardzo istotną rolę odgrywają receptory Toll-podobne (TLR) i RIG-I-podobne (RLR). Wiele z tych receptorów opisanych u ssaków występuje także u ryb, chociaż z drugiej strony ryby posiadają także receptory, które nie zostały zidentyfikowane u ssaków. Ryby, które są pierwszymi kręgowcami z pełni rozwiniętym układem odpornościowym wrodzonym i nabytym, stanowią doskonały model do badania ewolucji mechanizmów odporności u kręgowców. W pracy przedstawiono receptory rozpoznające wirusowe kwasy nukleinowe opisane u ryb oraz główne białka adaptorowe biorące udział w przekazywaniu sygnału wewnątrzkomórkowego w celu aktywacji syntezy IFN typu I i cytokin prozapalnych.

EN

Recognition of the non-self signature of invading viruses is a crucial step for the initiation of the anti-viral innate immune defense mechanisms including interferon (IFN) type I production. Viral nucleic acids occur the main virus-derived structures to be recognized by the receptors of the innate immune system. There are a number of receptors that recognize viral nucleic acids among which the most important are Toll-like receptors (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLR). Many of those receptors described in mammals have been also found in fish, although fish possess some specific receptors which have not been characterized in mammals. Teleost fish represent a relevant model for the study of the core immune mechanisms activated by viral infections. In this work we review the current knowledge about the fish receptors for viral nucleic acids and the main adaptor proteins involved in signaling pathways for the activation IFN type I and pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis.

Refine search results

Non specific vaccines – immunostimulation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections

IN VIVO STIMULATION OF PERITONEAL CELLS BY CHITOSAN ADMINISTERED IN DRINKING WATER TO MICE

Vaccines nonspecific – immunostimulation in patients with recurrent respiratory infections

Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on Toll-like receptor expression and cytokine levels in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

Immunosuppressive influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) infection on cellular defense mechanisms in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Purification and characterization of antibacterial proteins from granular hemocytes of Indian mud crab, Scylla serrata

Receptory związane z białkami G w odporności wrodzonej bezkręgowców

Activation of MAP kinase pathways in Galleria mellonella infected with Bacillus thuringiensis

Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum and β-glucan affects immune parameters in the tench (Tinca tinca) fry

The ancestry and cumulative evolution of immune reactions

Immunometabolizm czyli jak procesy biochemiczne kontrolują funkcje obronne leukocytów

różnorodność peptydów przeciwdrobnoustrojowych bezkręgowców

Receptory rozpoznające wirusowe kwasy nukleinowe w odpowiedzi przeciwwirusowej ryb