Search results

1

Changes in the pancreas caused by different types of hypertension

100%

Nowińska P., Kasacka I.

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2017

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vol. 64

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issue 4

591-595

EN

Hypertension is considered a lifestyle disease. Unfavorable forecasts predict a significant increase in the number of patients suffering from this disorder. Many changes in various organs have been observed as a result of ischemia. An interesting question arises of whether differences between the mechanisms occurring in different types of hypertension could produce different effects in the organs. It is well known that there is a close relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance. On the other hand, insulin resistance is the main cause of type 2 diabetes, which develops in parallel with changes in the pancreas. The pancreas is a very important organ since it produces enzymes crucial for the digestive process, as well as performs an important endocrine function. The work presented here focuses primarily on the latter issue. The authors present an overview of contemporary literature concerning the influence of different types of hypertension on the function of the pancreas.

2

Acute Cardiovascular Alterations in Hypertensive Renal Patients During Exercise with Constant Load in the Interdialytic Period

80%

Malfatti C., Ferreira S.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 2

157-161

EN

Purpose. The study investigated acute cardiovascular alterations during aerobic exercise in interdialytic phase. Basic procedures. Seven hypertensive men with chronic renal disease (CRD) and seven healthy men (C) were matched according to the age (CRD: 48.5 ± 8.5; C: 45.28 ± 9.3) and body mass index (CRD: 24.2 ± 2.8 kgm-2; C: 26.7 ± 2.7 kgm-2). The exercise was executed on a cycloergometer during 6 minutes at 75% of HRmax and 3 minutes of recovery without load at 55 - 60 rpm. The patients came twice and were controlled only on an occasion at the hospital at 9.00 am. The exercise was performed before and 24 hours after haemodialysis (HD). The blood samples were drawn immediately before and 24 hours after HD for hematocrit and hemoglobin analysis. The statistical difference was verified by the ANOVA and two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test only for p < 0.05. Main findings. After HD, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) shows reduction in the first stage (~14%; p < 0.05) and in the recovery period of exercise (~18%; p < 0.05). A hypotension effect of HD was better observed in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from the 5th to 9th min of exercise (~20%; p < 0.05). The HD did not modify biochemical (hematocrit and hemoglobin), physiological (Rest SpO2; rest SBP; rest DBP and VO2max) and body weight parameters. Conclusions. The study showed a significant reduction in blood pressure levels during the exercise, principally in DBP 24 hours after HD, suggesting that exercise executed during this period can induce better tolerance to exercise in dialyzed patients.

3

Polymorphism in intron 23 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) is not associated with hypertension.

80%

Derebecka N., Hołysz M., Dankowski R., Wierzchowski M., Trzeciak W. H.

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2002

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vol. 49

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issue 1

263-268

EN

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised in the vascular endothelium by nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and is an important factor in the regulation of blood pressure. Impaired synthesis of NO due to mutations in the NOS3 gene is associated with hypertension. To date several allelic variants of the NOS3 gene have been identified and their possible linkage with hypertension investigated. We studied the distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of the G11T polymorphism in intron 23 of the NOS3 gene in patients with hypertension and in a control group of healthy individuals. The polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP analysis. The distribution of genotypes in the patients with hypertension and in the healthy individuals did not differ significantly from the values predicted from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the general population. No major differences in the distribution of the G11T polymorphism in the patients and healthy individuals were found (P > 0.05).

4

The Prevalence of Arterial Hypertension among Students of West Pomeranian Voivodeship

80%

Umiastowska D., Żółtowska H.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 3

81-86

EN

The research was carried out as part of the research project N N 404 260335 “The lifestyle of children and adolescents and their level of athleticism, fitness and somatic development” during Crampton test in 2633 students of elementary, secondary and high schools in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. 214 subjects, that is 8.1% of the whole group, were qualified for the group with the hypertension. The arterial hypertension was reported in 7.9% of girls and 8.4% of boys. The statistically significant dependencies between the prevalence of arterial hypertension and the size of metropolitan area where the children and adolescents live, as well as their sex were observed.

5

Effects of L-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure Reduction Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Cardiovascular Stimulus in Hypertensive Subjects with Different Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Genotypes

80%

Malfatti C. R. M., Pavlak J. L. L., da Silva L. A., Medeiros T. E., Alonso K. C., Artoni R. F., Nogaroto V., Túrmina J. A., Osiecki A., Osiecki R.

Human Movement

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2014

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vol. 15

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issue 2

116-119

EN

Purpose. The present study investigated whether L-arginine supplementation reduces blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects with different ACE genotypes. Methods. Eight male hypertensive patients received L-arginine (2 or 4 g/day) or a placebo for a period of 4 days prior an exercise test. Statistical analysis consisted of one-way analysis of variance. Results. L-arginine supplementation induced a statistically significant (p ⋋ 0.05) reduction in systolic BP measured during rest (reductions of 7.8% and 12.3% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively), exercise (reductions of 11.8% and 10.4% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively), and recovery (reductions of 11.7% and 10.7% with 2 and 4 g/day, respectively). The observed magnitude of BP reduction suggests an association with ACE polymorphism; a larger effect was seen with the II and DI genotypes compared with the DD genotype (II: 121 mmHg and DI: 133 mmHg vs. DD: 144 mmHg). Conclusions. The results showed that L-arginine supplementation at low doses was efficient in reducing BP and that vasodilator actions that occurred through the secretion of nitric oxide might be ACE genotype dependent.

6

Surface structure changes of pathological placenta tissue observed using scanning electron microscopy - a pilot study

80%

Bobiński R., Pielesz A., Waksmańska W., Sarna E., Ulman-Włodarz I., Kania J., Mikulska M., Turbiarz A.

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2017

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vol. 64

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issue 3

533-535

EN

Structural changes within the placenta are observed in the course of pathological pregnancy. The aim of the study was to perform initial assessment of morphological features of placenta. The analysis was conducted by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Samples of placenta of women who delivered neonates appropriate for gestational age were characterized by a homogenous surface texture with natural corrugation. The surface of IUGR placenta from the group of mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension was definitely heterogeneous - noticeable swelling of tissue surface was observed. Samples from LGA group also demonstrated a number of surface bulges and heterogeneities which were, nonetheless, characterized by a certain repeatability.

7

Phytotherapy as an alternative method to supp ort treatment of hypertension

80%

WYKURZ P., MUSZYŃSKA B.

Medicina Internacia Revuo

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2017

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vol. 28

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issue 108

202-215

EN

Hypertension is a dangerous chronic disease; it is the most common cause of death in Poland, Europe and the United States. In Poland, the estimated number of people with hypertension is about 36%. The development of this disease is progressive, a large proportion of people are unaware of their disease in the early stages. The use of basic recommendations for the prevention of hypertension i. e. stopping smoking, limiting alcohol intake and weight gain, increasing physical activity, limiting salt intake and changing eating habits can effectively lower blood pressure by 20-50 mm Hg. Such a considerable effect can significantly help a person with grade 2 hypertension (160-179 / 100-109 mm Hg). Phytotherapy is the branch of medicine that uses plants for medicinal purposes. Active compounds contained in plant raw materials can be used in heart and vascular diseases. They exhibit anti-arrhythmic, hypotensive, dilate peripheral, cerebral, coronary vessels, improving lipid profile, antioxidant, vasoprotective, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory and diuretic. They exhibit negative chronotropic, but dromotropic and inotropic positive activity. Phytotherapy can be used as an alternative method to support the treatment of hypertension. In combination with basic preventive recommendations, it can delay the treatment by synthetic drugs for a very long time. It is therefore worth using herbs and their blends to improve the quality of our lives.

8

Comparison between bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometric indices in hypertensive patients

80%

Krzesiński P., Rozbicki P., Pałkowska-Goździk E., Banak M.

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vol. 14

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issue 3

301-305

EN

Aim: Obesity is one of the most crucial challenges of contemporary medicine. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful tool to identify individuals with increased fat mass. However, the equipment is relatively expensive, especially compared to basic anthropometric methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relations between anthropometric indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertension. Material and methods: In 137 hypertensives the correlations between fat mass (absolute, FM; relative, %FM) and anthropometric parameters (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, WHR; waist-to-height ratio, WHtR; body adiposity index, BAI; visceral adiposity index, VAI) were analysed. Results: Classic anthropometrics correlated well with bioimpedance indices of adipose tissue content: %FM vs. BAI (R = 0.77), WHtR (R = −0.54), BMI (R = 0.52), WC (R = 0.29); FM vs. BMI (R = 0.82), WC (R = 0.66), BAI (R = 0.58), VAI (R = 0.26), WHtR (R = 0.23), WHR (R = 0.19). In females BMI, WC and BAI showed the strongest correlations with adiposity. In males they were WHtR and WC. Conclusions: Some anthropometric measurements show good agreement with bioelectrical impedance analysis and can be considered a valid surrogate for body composition assessment in the case of its inaccessibility. In hypertensive women WC and BMI seem to be the most precise in the assessment of %FM, while in men WHtR and WC are more useful.

PL

Cel: Otyłość należy do głównych wyzwań współczesnej medycyny. Analiza bioimpedancyjna stanowi użyteczne narzędzie identyfikacji osób ze zwiększoną masą tkanki tłuszczowej. Niestety, sprzęt do analizy bioimpedancyjnej jest dość kosztowny, zwłaszcza w porównaniu z podstawowymi metodami antropometrycznymi. Celem pracy była ocena związku pomiędzy pomiarami antropometrycznymi a analizą bioimpedancyjną u pacjentów z niepowikłanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Materiał i metody: U 137 osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym oceniono korelacje między ilością tkanki tłuszczowej (bezwzględnej, fat mass, FM; względnej, %FM) a parametrami antropometrycznymi (wskaźnik masy ciała, body mass index, BMI; obwód talii, waist circumference, WC; wskaźnik talia–biodra, waist-to-hip ratio, WHR; wskaźnik talia–wzrost, waistto-height ratio, WHtR; wskaźnik otłuszczenia ciała, body adiposity index, BAI; wskaźnik wisceralnej – trzewnej tkanki tłuszczowej, visceral adiposity index, VAI). Wyniki: Klasyczne pomiary antropometryczne korelowały z bioimpedancyjnymi wskaźnikami zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej: %FM vs BAI (R = 0,77), WHtR (R = −0,54), BMI (R = 0,52), WC (R = 0,29); FM vs BMI (R = 0,82), WC (R = 0,66), BAI (R = 0,58), VAI (R = 0,26), WHtR (R = 0,23), WHR (R = 0,19). U kobiet najsilniejszy związek z ilością tkanki tłuszczowej wykazywały BMI, WC i BAI, zaś u mężczyzn – WHtR i WC. Wnioski: Niektóre pomiary antropometryczne wykazują wysoką zgodność z analizą bioimpedancyjną i mogą być brane pod uwagę jako zastępcze wskaźniki oceny składu ciała w przypadku braku możliwości jej zastosowania. U kobiet z nadciśnieniem tętniczym najbardziej precyzyjne w ocenie %FM okazują się WC i BMI, podczas gdy u mężczyzn są to WHtR i WC.

9

Analysis of etiology and treatment methods of epistaxis in adult patients visiting

80%

Syniec M., Prygiel J., Dubielska A., Taradaj K., Deja M. D., Balcerzak J.

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2015

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vol. 4(4)

21-26

EN

Introduction: Epistaxis is not only the most commonly seen type of bleeding in laryngological emergency department, but also a frequent reason of visiting this department. It may be a symptom of trivial disorder or serious systemic either chronic disease.Aim of study: The primary objective of this study was to analyze the etiology and treatment methods of epistaxis in adult patients. Material and methods: This was the retrospective study of 574 adult patients who visited the Emergency Department of Otolaryngology in Public Central Teaching Hospital between 1st January and 30th December 2014 because of epistaxis. There were 274 females and 300 males with the mean age of 64,6 years (woman), and 60,3 years (men). Results: 228 patients (39,7%) were chronically treated for hypertension. Blood pressure measurement was performed in 335 patients (58,4%) and elevation over 160 mmHg systolic, or over 95mmHg diastolic took place in 132 cases (22,99%). Other significant factor observed in the study was anticoagulant and antithrombotic drug usage. In 134 cases (22,3%) patients were treated with medicine from this group (the most frequently- acetylsalicylic acid). Other accompanying disorders were: heart failure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, other cardio-/cerebro-vascular diseases, COPD, respiratory track infection. The most common intervention in case of epistaxis was nasal packing (Rapid Rhino – 248 patients, Spongostan sponge – 129 patients). Captoprilum was administered in 79 cases (13,8%) to normalize elevated blood pressure. 90 patients (15,6%) required an additional internal medicine consultation. Conclusion: The impaired control of hypertension and treatment with oral anticoagulant (acenocumarol) or antithrombotic drugs (acetylsalicylic acid) were the most common reasons of epistaxis in examined group of patients. The most frequent symptomatic management were packing with Spongostan sponge and Rapid Rhino balloon tampon. Typical anterior nasal tamponade with gauze was much less frequent. The treatment according to the etiology was added if needed.

10

White blood cells count and its populations in patients with acute coronary syndromes and co-morbidities.

80%

Igor V., Iyad A.

Critical Care Innovations

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2021

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vol. 4

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issue 2

1-7

EN

INTRODUCTION: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and sudden death cause most ischemic heart disease (IHD)- related deaths, which represent 1.8 million deaths per year, with similar numbers of men and women dying from coronary artery disease (CAD). It’s known that inflammation plays crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and its destabilization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of white blood cells count in its subpopulation in patients with ACS and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors – arterial hypertension and 2 type Diabetes Mellitus (DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational cohort trial we observed of 184 patients with ACS. All patients were randomized into four groups: 1st group - 42 patients with ACS without arterial hypertension (AH) or DM; 2nd group – 56 patients with ACS and previous AH; 3rd group – 42 patients with ACS and 2 type DM; and 4th group – 44 patients with ACS and AH and DM. We studied of leukocytes count and their subpopulations in blood. RESULTS: The mean white blood cells count was significant higher in patients with ASC, compared with control group: 8.23 [6.50; 9.40] vs 5.49 [5.20; 5.70] (p<0.001). Similarly, ACS caused increase of leukocytes subpopulation count in blood. The significant higher count of white blood cells was observed in patients with ACS and co-morbidities: 2 type DM and its association with AH. In patients with ACS and previous AH we observed significant lower neutrophils count (p<0.05), but increased quantity of lymphocytes, compared with patients with ACS without co-morbidities (p<0.001). DM and its association with AH was characterized of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes counts growth. CONCLUSIONS:ACS is characterized of raised white blood cells count and its population, especially in cases of association with 2 type Diabetes Mellitus.

PL

WSTĘP: Ostre zespoły wieńcowe (OZW) i nagła śmierć sercowa są przyczyną większości chorób niedokrwiennych serca powodującymi zgony, które stanowią 1,8 miliona przypadków rocznie, przy podobnej liczbie zgonów mężczyzn i kobiet z powodu choroby wieńcowej tętnic. Wiadomo, że stan zapalny odgrywa kluczową rolę w powstawaniu blaszki miażdżycowej i jej destabilizacji. Celem pracy jest ocena liczby białych krwinek w jej subpopulacji u pacjentów z: OZW i modyfikowalnymi czynnikami ryzyka sercowo-naczyniowego (nadciśnienie tętnicze i cukrzyca typu 2). MATERIAŁ I METODY: W tym obserwacyjnym badaniu kohortowym obserwowano 184 pacjentów z OZW. Wszyscy pacjenci byli losowo podzieleni na cztery grupy: I grupa – 42 pacjentów z OZW bez nadciśnienia tętniczego lub cukrzycy; II grupa – 56 pacjentów z OZW i nadciśnieniem tętniczym; III grupa – 42 pacjentów z OZW i cukrzycą; i IV grupa – 44 pacjentów z OZW, nadciśnieniem tętniczym i cukrzycą. Badano liczbę leukocytów i ich subpopulacji we krwi. WYNIKI: Średnia liczba białych krwinek była istotnie wyższa u pacjentów z OZW w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną: 8.23 [6.50; 9.40] vs 5.49 [5.20; 5.70] (p<0.001). Podobnie OZW powodowało wzrost liczby subpopulacji leukocytów we krwi. Istotnie wyższą liczbę białych krwinek obserwowano u pacjentów z OZW i chorobami współistniejącymi: 2 typ cukrzycy i jego związek z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. U pacjentów z OZW i nadciśnieniem tętniczym zaobserwowano znamiennie niższą liczbę neutrofili (p<0.05), ale zwiększoną ilość limfocytów w porównaniu z pacjentami z OZW bez chorób współistniejących (p<0.001). Cukrzycę i jej związek z nadciśnieniem tętniczym scharakteryzowano wzrostem liczby neutrofili, limfocytów i monocytów. WNIOSKI: OZW charakteryzuje się podwyższoną liczbą białych krwinek i ich populacją, szczególnie w przypadkach związanych z cukrzycą typu 2.

11

Risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy

71%

Gawęcki M.

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issue 1

34-41

EN

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a well-described ocular disorder affecting primarily young individuals. As chronic forms of central serous chorioretinopathy are often leading to significant visual impairment, potential risk factors for its development are constantly analyzed in numerous studies. Review of available research shows that predominant risk factors for central serous chorioretinopathy include male gender, steroid intake, pregnancy, Cushing syndrome, chronic or acute stress, maladaptive personal traits, and increased choroidal thickness. Other factors, such as hypertension, gastric ulcer and reflux or genetic predispositions probably increase the risk of central serous chorioretinopathy onset, but its quantification remains the question of debate.

12

Physiological Responses Associated with Nordic-Walking Training in Systolic Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women

71%

Latosik E., Zubrzycki I. Z., Ossowski Z., Bojke O., Clarke A., Wiacek M., Trabka B.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 43

|

issue 1

185-190

EN

Loss of physical strength and hypertension are among the most pronounced detrimental factors accompanying aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a supervised 8-week Nordic-walking training program on systolic blood pressure in systolic-hypertensive postmenopausal women. This study was a randomized control trial on a sample of 24 subjects who did not take any hypertension medications. There was a statistically significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in lower and upper-body strength in the group following Nordic-walking training. There was a decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density cholesterol. The obtained results indicate that an 8-week Nordic-walking program may be efficiently employed for counteracting systolic hypertension through a direct abatement of systolic blood pressure and an increase of maximal aerobic capacity.

13

The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects

71%

Araújo J. P., Silva E. D., Silva J. C. G., Souza T. S. P., Lima E. O., Guerra I., Sousa M. S. C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 43

|

issue 1

79-85

EN

The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 x 5; group x time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.

14

The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome diagnosis: A cross-sectional study in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults

71%

Arovah N. I., Heesch K. C.

Physical Activity Review

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2021

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vol. 2

|

issue 9

101-110

EN

Objectives: The roles of cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and allcause mortality risks are well established; however, little is known about the role of CF in reducing risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of CVD risk factors, particularly in Asian countries. This research examined associations between CF and MetS diagnosis and its five components in Indonesian middle-aged and older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 161 participants (aged 63±8 years; 70% female). CF was assessed with a 6-minute walk test. MetS diagnosis and its components were assessed with the Adult Treatment Panel III. Logistic regression modelling was conducted to examine the relationships between CF and MetS diagnosis and its components, after adjustment for BMI and other confounders. BMI was categorized using cut-points for Asians. Results: In adjusted models, participants with low CF had a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with MetS than those with high CF (OR=4.79, 95%CI:2.17-10.62). They were also more likely to have low highdensity lipoprotein (OR=2.07, 95%CI:1.02-4.18) or hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.37, 95%CI:1.15-4.86). There was also borderline significant findings that suggested that participants with low CF had greater likelihood of having abdominal obesity (OR=2.34, 95%CI:0.97-5.65, p=0.06) or hyperglycaemia (OR=2.07 95%CI:0.98-4.41, p=0.06). Conclusions: Low CF is associated with increased likelihood of being diagnosed with MetS. The adverse effects of low CF are mainly characterized by dyslipidaemia. Public health messages should emphasise the importance of improving CF for preventing MetS. Assessment of CF could be useful for targeting individuals most likely to benefit from intervention to prevent MetS.

15

Dynamics of nitric oxide release in the cardiovascular system.

71%

Balbatun A., Louka F. R., Malinski T.

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2003

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vol. 50

|

issue 1

61-68

EN

The endothelium plays a critical role in maintaining vascular tone by releasing nitric oxide (NO). Endothelium derived NO diffuses to smooth muscles, triggering their relaxation. The dynamic of NO production is a determining factor in signal transduction. The present studies were designed to elucidate dynamics of NO release from normal and dysfunctional endothelium. The nanosensors (diameter 100-300 nm) exhibiting a response time better than 100 μs and detection limit of 1.0×10-9 mol L-1 were used for in vitro monitoring of NO release from single endothelial cells from the iliac artery of normotensive (WKY) rats, hypertensive (SHR) rats, and normal and cholesterolemic rabbits. Also, the dynamics and distribution of NO in left ventricular wall of rabbit heart were measured. The rate of NO release was much higher (1200 ± 50 nmol L-1 s-1) for WKY than for SHR (460 ± 10 nmol L-1 s-1). Also, the peak NO concentration was about three times higher for WKY than SHR. Similar decrease in the dynamics of NO release was observed for cholesterolemic rabbits. The dynamics of NO release changed dramatically along the wall of rabbit aorta, being highest (0.86 ± 0.12 μmol L-1) for the ascending aorta, and lowest for the iliac aorta (0.48 ± 0.15 μmol L-1). The distribution of NO in the left ventricular wall of rabbit heart was not uniform and varied from 1.23 ± 0.20 μmol L-1 (center) to 0.90 ± 0.15 μmol L-1 (apex). Both, the maximal concentration and the dynamics of NO release can be useful diagnostic tools in estimating the level of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular system efficiency.

16

Increased Frequency of Ace Gene DD Genotype in Normotensive Male Smokers with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

71%

Waliszewski K., Słomski R., Oszkinis G., Majewski W., Pawlaczyk K.

Polish Journal of Surgery

|

2007

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vol. 79

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issue 5

368-374

EN

The aim of the study was to assess whether the association between abdominal aortic aneurisms (AAAs) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) DD genotype is changed in male smokers.Material and methods. The ACE I/D polymorphism was examined by PCR in 112 subjects with AAA and in 50 control subjects. The frequency of ACE genotypes (II, ID and DD) in the patient group was assessed in subgroups divided on the basis of blood pressure, smoking and sex.Results. A significant increase in the frequency of ACE DD genotypes has been found in all AAA patients studied (odds ratio OR=2.6; range 1.3-5.6, p <0.0002) when compared to the remaining ACE genotypes (ID and II) and the control group. The respective values were higher when all 74 male smokers with AAA were assessed (OR=3.6; p <0.006). No increase in ACE DD genotype frequency was seen in all females (38) and male nonsmokers when compared to the respective control group (n=16) (OR=1.4; p <0.75).In the group of normotensive AAA patients, the proportion of ACE DD genotype in relation to the remaining ACE genotypes (ID and II) was found to be higher than in the general AAA patient population (odds ratio OR=6.14; range 2.5-14.9, p <0.0001). In 32 normotensive male smokers with AAA, the respective values were higher (OR=8.3).Conclusions. An increased frequency of the ACE DD genotype in normotensive male smokers may account in large part for the increase in DD genotype occurrence noted in all AAA patients.

17

Wpływ polimorfizmu rs1421085 genu FTO na rozwój nadciśnienia tętniczego u osób z nadwagą i otyłością

61%

Woźny Ł., Wojtas E., Chuchmacz G., Maciejiczek J., Karon M., Kandefer B., Śnit M., Grzeszczak W.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2016

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vol. 70

51-55

EN

AIM: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the potential association between the rs1421085 polymorphism of the FTO gene and the incidence of hypertension and overweight and obesity in consecutive patients reporting to a primary care physician in a Public Health Centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 391 patients from the area of southern Poland, who in turn reported to the Public Health Centre. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on their waist circumference score (control group, group of overweight patients and obese patients). Genotyping was carried out using a fluorescently labeled probe and readily prepared single nucleotide polymorphism kits – TaqMan Pre-designed SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems). For statistical analysis we used the Statistica 9.0 program. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity judged by the waist circumference score was 71.35%, for 24.04% of which constituted overweight people and 47.31% the obese. In the serum of overweight and obese people statistically significant higher levels of glucose concentration, insulin, mean arterial pressure and lipid profile components were found in comparison to the people from the control group (p < 0.001). In the control group no genotype showed a correlation with a higher average systolic pressure – statistically expressed as p ≥ 0.05. In the overweight and obese groups, homozygotes for the T allele exhibit a higher average systolic pressure than the other genotypes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Polymorphism rs1421085 of the FTO gene does not show a statistically significant correlation with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population of southern Poland. 2. The probability of exhibiting hypertension in a person who is a TT homozygote within the rs1421085 polymorphism is statistically significantly higher than in other genotypes, in overweight or obese subjects.

PL

CEL PRACY: Celem pracy było znalezienie związku między polimorfizmem rs1421085 genu FTO a występowaniem nadciśnienia tętniczego u osób z nadwagą i otyłością. MATERIAŁ I METODYKA: Badaniem objęto łącznie kolejnych 391 pacjentów z rejonu Polski południowej, którzy zgłaszali się do poradni ogólnej POZ. Badanych podzielono na 3 grupy na podstawie wartości obwodu pasa (grupa kontrolna, grupa z nadwagą, grupa z otyłością). Genotypowanie polimorfizmu FTO rs1421085 prowadzono z wykorzystaniem znakowanych fluorescencyjnie sond, używając gotowych zestawów do oznaczania polimorfizmu pojedynczego nukleotydu – TaqMan Pre-designed SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems). Do obliczeń poszczególnych parametrów w ujęciu statystycznym zastosowano program Statistica 9.0. WYNIKI: Częstość występowania nadwagi i otyłości ocenianej na podstawie obwodu pasa wynosiła w badanej grupie 71,35% (24,04% – nadwaga, 47,31% – otyłość brzuszna). W surowicy osób z nadwagą i otyłych stwierdzono istotnie statystycznie wyższe stężenia glukozy, insuliny, wartości średniego ciśnienia tętniczego i składowych profilu lipidowego w stosunku do osób z grupy kontrolnej (p < 0,001), w której żaden z genotypów nie korelował z wyższym średnim ciśnieniem skurczowym (p ≥ 0,05). W grupach z nadwagą i otyłością osobnicy homozygotyczni względem allelu T wykazują wyższe wartości średniego ciśnienia skurczowego niż inne genotypy (p < 0,05). WNIOSKI: 1. Polimorfizm rs1421085 genu FTO nie wykazuje znamiennej statystycznie korelacji z występowaniem nadwagi i otyłości w populacji Polski południowej. 2. Prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia nadciśnienia tętniczego u osoby będącej homozygotą TT w obrębie polimorfizmu rs1421085 jest znamiennie statystycznie wyższe niż w przypadku innych genotypów u osób z nadwagą lub otyłością.

18

Czy występują istotne różnice w ilości zażywanych leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych między chorymi na cukrzycę i nadciśnienie tętnicze a chorymi na nadciśnienie tętnicze?

61%

Markowicz A., Grzeszczak W.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

|

2018

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issue 72

209-215

EN

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes, as well as hypertension, cause significant deterioration in the quality of life as well as shortening the patient’s survival time. The aim of the study was to find answers to the following questions: 1) how many antihypertensive drugs are used by patients with hypertension and by patients with diabetes and hypertension; 2) are more antihypertensive drugs used by patients with impaired renal function; 3) are there any differences in the amount of antihypertensive drugs used between the observed groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 300 consecutive patients qualified for urgent admission to the Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology in Zabrze. The reason for admission was unstable blood pressure in subjects with hypertension and diabetes or hypertension without diabetes. Body weight and height were measured using an AED mechanical column scale. 24-hour automatic blood pressure measurement was performed with an Oscar 2 device. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the amount of medication used by patients with hypertension with or without diabetes. It was shown that along with deteriorating kidney function, the subjects used significantly more antihypertensive drugs (especially diabetic patients and those with hypertension). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Patients with hypertension and with or without diabetes use on average 3.53 ± 2.22 antihypertensive drugs. In this regard, differences between the studied groups were not demonstrated. 2. Along with deteriorating kidney function, the number of antihypertensive drugs used by patients increases, especially in patients with diabetes. 3. Along with deteriorating kidney function, the amount of antihypertensive medication used is higher in patients with diabetes and hypertension compared to hypertensive patients without diabetes.

PL

WSTĘP: Cukrzyca oraz nadciśnienie tętnicze powodują zarówno istotne pogorszenie jakości życia, jak i skrócenie czasu przeżycia chorego. Celem pracy było znalezienie odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: 1) ile średnio leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych zażywa chory na nadciśnienie oraz chory na cukrzycę i nadciśnienie tętnicze; 2) czy na skutek upośledzenia czynności nerek chorzy zażywają większą ilość leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych; 3) czy występują różnice w ilości stosowanych leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych między badanymi przez nas grupami. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Do badania włączyliśmy kolejnych 300 chorych zakwalifikowanych w trybie pilnym do przyjęcia do Kliniki Chorób Wewnętrznych, Diabetologii i Nefrologii w Zabrzu. Powodem przyjęcia były nadciśnienie tętnicze i cukrzyca lub nadciśnienie tętnicze bez cukrzycy. Pomiaru masy ciała oraz wzrostu dokonano przy użyciu mechanicznej wagi lekarskiej kolumnowej ze wzrostomierzem firmy AED. 24-godzinnego automatycznego pomiaru ciśnienia tętniczego krwi dokonano aparatem Oscar 2. WYNIKI: Nie wykazano znamiennych statystycznie różnic między ilością stosowanych leków u chorych na nadciśnienie z cukrzycą lub bez cukrzycy. Wykazano, że wraz z pogarszającą się czynnością nerek badani zażywali istotnie więcej leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych (szczególnie chorzy na cukrzycę i nadciśnienie tętnicze). WNIOSKI: 1. Chorzy na cukrzycę i nadciśnienie tętnicze oraz chorzy na nadciśnienie tętnicze bez cukrzycy stosują średnio 3,53 ± 2,22 leków spośród określonych grup leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych. Brak różnic w ilości zażywanych leków między badanymi grupami. 2. Wraz z pogorszeniem czynności wydalniczej nerek wzrasta ilość leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych zażywanych przez chorych, szczególnie u chorych na cukrzycę. 3. Wraz z pogorszeniem czynności nerek ilość stosowanych leków przeciwnadciśnieniowych jest większa u chorych na cukrzycę i nadciśnienie niż u chorych na nadciśnienie bez cukrzycy.

19

Wpływ stresu przewlekłego na rozwój nadciśnienia tętniczego

61%

Jodłowska E., Juszczak M.

Folia Medica Lodziensia

|

2013

|

vol. 40

|

issue 1

53-77

EN

Chronic stress is one of the factors which increase the probability of arterial hypertension development. The chronic stimulation of central and peripheral components of the stress system affects this process directly and indirectly by, among others, the evolution of visceral obesity. The hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal gland axis (HPA) activity and the sympathetic nervous system stimulation play a significant role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Glucocorticoids are terminal effectors of the HPA axis and they are responsible for the initiation of many pathomechanisms leading to arterial hypertension development. These hormones may adversely affect the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the endocrine glands activity. The excessive secretion of glucocorticoids and the chronic hyperactivity of the HPA axis conduce the visceral fat accumulation. Adipose tissue is metabolically active and significantly affects hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance by producing adipokines. The hypertensive effect induced by glucocorticoids action results, among others, from the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and impaired action of the isoform 2 of the 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. On the other hand, the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system during chronic stress results in disturbances in the central regulation of arterial pressure, hyperactivity of the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system and augmentation of the vasoconstrictor substances production. Chronic stress leads to endothelial dysfunction, remodelling of the blood vessels and their hypertrophy, growing of vascular resistance, inflammatory and prothrombotic processes in blood vessels. The paper discusses the major pathomechanisms which are induced by chronic stress and may potentially lead to development of hypertension.

PL

Stres przewlekły jest jednym z czynników zwiększających prawdopodobieństwo rozwoju nadciśnienia tętniczego. Chroniczne pobudzenie ośrodkowych i obwodowych składowych reakcji stresowej wpływa na rozwój nadciśnienia tętniczego bezpośrednio oraz pośrednio, między innymi, poprzez rozwój otyłości trzewnej. W patogenezie nadciśnienia tętniczego uwarunkowanego stresem przewlekłym istotne znaczenie ma aktywacja osi podwzgórze-przysadka-kora nadnerczy (PPKN) i pobudzenie układu współczulnego. Glukokortykosteroidy, jako końcowy efektor osi PPKN, inicjują szereg patomechanizmów sprzyjających rozwojowi nadciśnienia tętniczego - wywierają niekorzystny wpływ na profil lipidowy, gospodarkę węglowodanową oraz czynność gruczołów wydzielania wewnętrznego. Nadmierne wydzielanie glukokortykosteroidów i chroniczna aktywacja osi PPKN sprzyjają akumulacji tkanki tłuszczowej w obrębie jamy brzusznej. Tkanka tłuszczowa posiada aktywność metaboliczną i poprzez produkcję adipokin istotnie przyczynia się do rozwoju hiperinsulinemii oraz insulinooporności. Efekt hipertensyjny wywołany działaniem kortyzolu jest konsekwencją uwrażliwienia mięśniówki gładkiej naczyń na wewnątrzpochodne czynniki presyjne, zwiększenia zatrzymywania sodu i wody w ustroju (co prowadzi do hiperwolemii), zwiększenia lepkości krwi, hipercholesterolemii i dyslipoproteinemii oraz nasilonej trombocytozy, która sprzyja powstawaniu zakrzepów. Istotne znaczenie ma tu zahamowanie syntezy tlenku azotu i upośledzenie czynności izoformy 2 dehydrogenazy 11-β-hydroksysteroidowej. Z drugiej strony, chroniczna aktywacja układu współczulnego w stresie przewlekłym prowadzi do zaburzenia ośrodkowej regulacji ciśnienia tętniczego, a także do pobudzenia układu renina-angiotensyna-aldosteron i nasilenia syntezy czynników naczyniokurczących. Stres przewlekły sprzyja uszkodzeniu śródbłonka naczyniowego, przebudowie ściany naczyń krwionośnych i zwiększeniu oporu obwodowego oraz aktywacji procesów zapalnych i prozakrzepowych w naczyniach krwionośnych, a także przerostowi lewej komory serca. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie patomechanizmów, które indukowane są w warunkach stresu przewlekłego i mogą potencjalnie prowadzić do rozwoju pierwotnego nadciśnienia tętniczego.

20

Cost-effectiveness analysis of psychotherapy in treatment of essential hypertension in primary care

61%

Kalmatayeva Z., Zholamanova A.

Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

|

2014

|

vol. 16

|

issue 4

57-64

EN

Aim of the study. To estimate expediency of psychotherapy in patients with essential hypertension from a clinical and economic perspective. Place and duration of study. Clinical material was collected from September 2011 to February 2012 in Polyclinic no. 12, Almaty and the Central City’s Polyclinic, Kaskelen. Method. 75 patients with identified psychosomatic disorders (37 male, 38 female) suffering from hypertension of a first or second degree (from 140/90 to 179/109mmHg) were randomised into two groups (mean age 48.5±3.69 and 47.5±4.2 years). All patients received therapy within the same scheme, but group 1 was additionally treated with psychotherapy. Results. Qualitative improvements were shown on all scales of the “Mini-mult” test for group 1. The control examination of mean blood pressure (BP) at week 14 found a statistically significant difference in final systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the two groups (134.27±3.7 vs. 137.33±3.9, p=0.032), but no such difference in final diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (82.93±5.1 vs. 83.81±4.3, p=0.198). The average cost of the 24-week treatment per person was 47.81USD for group 1 (standard treatment with psychotherapy) and 48.62USD for group 2 (standard treatment). The cost of SBP reduction was 1.98 vs. 2.53USD per 1mmHg for group 1 and 2 respectively and for DBP reduction it was 3.19 vs. 3.73USD per 1mmHg for group 1 and 2 respectively. Blood pressure (BP) reduction was faster in group 1 (7.05 vs. 7.97 weeks). Conclusions. Conservative treatment of hypertension combined with comprehensive psychotherapy leads to better results compared with a conventional conservative treatment scheme, from psychological, clinical and economic points of view, bur results can be different in another country. More trials in different countries with greater numbers of patients are necessary.

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