The professional and scientific activities of Karol Gilewski (1832-1871), one of the famous Cracovian physicians, the professor of the Jagellonian University are described first of all. His treatise on laryngofissure and laryngeal polyps in 1865 is presented widely. This is a second scientific work in Polish medical literature on this subject. The cases of laryngeal scleroma and laryngeal and cutaneous syphilis are also described.
The achievements of 19th-century Warsaw physicians and the first decades of the twentieth century who created the Polish otorhinolaryngology are presented briefly. The most famous of them are Teodor Heryng, Alfred Sokolowski and the surgeons Franciszek Jawdyński and Julian Kosiński. Other well-known doctors in Warsaw, whose merit were significant, are also analyzed.
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