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The effects of cochleostomy of hearing threshold in animal experiment

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Stanisławek-Sut O., Morawski K., Niemczyk K.
Otolaryngologia Polska
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2010
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vol. 64(7)
17-21
EN
SUMMARY Introduction: To assess an effect of cochleostomy on hearing threshold in guinea pigs. Material and methods: The authors performed animal experiments using fi ve 3-month-old guinea pigs. Before experiment hearing threshold were evaluated. Surgery involved access to the temporal bone by a post-auricular incision. After a wide opening of the bulla cochleostomy was created (10 000 turn/min, diamond bur of 0,8 mm diameter). Hearing threshold was identifi ed on the basis of presence of wave V in auditory brainstem responses (ABR) for click and frequency-specifi c stimulation. Also morphology and latency changes for wave V for this stimulation was assesed. Hearing status was evaluated before, just after and 1-, 2-, and 4-weeks after surgery. For surgical procedure and ABR examination all animals were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (50 mg/kg) mixed with xylazine (9 mg/kg) in the supplemental doses. After surgery the animal was treated by antibioticoterapy for 3 days – Enrofl oksacyna 0,3 ml subcutaneouly and analgesic – Tolfedine 0,05 mg in second day. Results: Four week observation of ABR morphology and hearing thresholds for click and frequency-specifi c stimulation of 100 dB SPL intensity showed only temporary changes confi rming that cochleostomy did not affect cochlear function. Conclusions: The correctly performed cochleostomy in guinea pigs did not affect persistently the cochlear function indicating that such an option of CI electrode insertion in patients is safe.
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Metabolism of cyclic GMP in peritoneal macrophages of rat and guinea pig.

63%
Kobiałka M., Witwicka H., Siednienko J., Gorczyca W. A.
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2003
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vol. 50
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issue 3
837-847
EN
The aim of our studies was to establish which enzymes constitute the "cGMP pathway" in rat and guinea pig peritoneal macrophages (PM). We found that in guinea pig PM synthesis of the nucleotide was significantly enhanced in response to activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and it was only slightly stimulated by specific activators of particulate guanylyl cyclases (pGC). In contrast, rat PM responded strongly to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the activator of pGC type A. The rat cells synthesized about three-fold more cGMP than an equal number of the guinea pig cells. The activity of phosphodiesterases (PDE) hydrolyzing cGMP was apparently regulated by cGMP itself in PM of both species and again it was higher in the rat cells than in those isolated from guinea pig. However, guinea pig PM revealed an activity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent PDE1, which was absent in the rat cells. Using Western blotting analysis we were unable to detect the presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1) in PM isolated from either species. In summary, our findings indicate that particulate GC-A is the main active form of GC in the rat PM, while in guinea pig macrophages the sGC activity dominates. Since the profiles of the PDE activities in rat and guinea pig PM are also different, we conclude that the mechanisms regulating cGMP metabolism in PM are species-specific. Moreover, our results suggest that targets for cGMP other than PKG1 should be present in PM of both species.
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