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1

Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006

100%

Saczuk J., Wasiluk A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 4

259-266

EN

Background: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span. Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ² test. Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2nd degree underweight, and higher by 4.79% and 1.29% in pupils with overweight and obesity, respectively, while it was lower by 10.11% among boys with a normal BMI value. In girls the percentage with normal BMI values was observed to decrease by 8.95%, whereas among girls with overweight - to increase by 4.85%. Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions

2

Daily step counts and selected biological and psychological variables in 16-18-year-old girls

88%

Kantanista A., Lisowski P., Glapa A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

17-23

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of steps a day and biological (body fat, lean body mass, BMI and estimated VO2 max) and psychological (self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA and self-perception of body image) factors in 16-18-year-old girls. Material/Methods: The study included data from 60 girls, aged 16-18. Voluntary participants were selected from a public high school in Poland. Number of steps was measured with a pedometer Yamax Digi-Walker, model SW 701, during 7 days. Girls were classified into three groups: low active, slightly active and active (5,000-7,499; 7,500-9,999; ≥ 10,000 steps/day, respectively). The levels of psychological factors were determined by means of a questionnaire survey. Estimated VO2 max was assessed by a 1-mile walk test. The percentage of body fat and lean body mass was evaluated using Bodystat 1,500, bio-impedance method. Results: Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences in the biological and psychological variables among low active, slightly active and active girls. Conclusions: Girls in the study performed approximately from 5,000 to 12,500 steps a day. To explain better relationships between daily step counts and psychological and biological variables future research should additionally involve girls with less than 5,000 steps a day and more than 12,500 steps a day.

3

Changes in Motor Skills of Children who Train Sports Swimming at the Initial Stage of School Education (in an Annual Training Cycle)

88%

Eider P., Wilk K., Tarnowski M., Terczyński R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 20

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issue 4

93-105

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who train sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. Swimming belongs to the disciplines in which training starts at the age of 6-7. The proper selection of candidates to train certain disciplines is a complex process as they should be chosen from a large population of children, both girls and boys, having specific somatic and motor characteristics which, developed in the long-term, will enable them to achieve sports mastery. The aim of the research was to define which changes in motor skills occur in girls who train sports Aim: swimming in an annual training cycle. The Subject group consisted of 85 girls aged 7 who attended four elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. 36 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and they were all members of the Municipal Swimming Club (MKP) in Szczecin. The Control group consisted of 49 girls who attended the same elementary schools. All subjects took part in two examinations (carried out in the school year 2009/2010. Physical ability tests were conducted in gyms. Motor skills were assessed with EUROFIT Test Battery which is the most reliable and accurate tool according to scientific research. The research revealed changes in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of all eight tests. Examination II proved statistically significant improvement of results in both groups (Sw, C) in comparison to Examination I. Changes between Examination I and Examination II results were most visible in the Swimmers groups in terms of balance, agility, static strength, functional strength and agility run. Changes between Examination I and Examination II were similar in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of speed of limb movement, explosive strength and torso strength. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects are a positive phenomenon in the physical development of a child. Swimming training resulted significantly in positive changes in terms of motor skills of subject who were at the initial stage of swimming trainings, compared to their non-training peers. Participation in organized, regular sports classes results in the development of motor (physical) skills of children.

4

Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową u nastolatków

63%

Jarząbek-Bielecka G., Pawlaczyk M., Pisarska-Krawczyk M., Kędzia W., Mizgier M.

Current Gynecologic Oncology

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2015

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vol. 13

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issue 1

20-26

EN

Although the body is protected by the immune system, only a small proportion of people do not experience inflammatory problems in their lives. For girls, preventive Babeş–Pap smear tests are necessary, and vaccination against oncogenic HPV strains must be considered. The treatment of symptoms and effects of these ailments without removing their causes make them sometimes change into diseases of disastrous consequences leading to a tragedy of many women and their families. It is therefore important to prevent diseases by prophylactic checkups and treatment of diagnosed pathological conditions. The most certain methods enabling sexually transmitted diseases to be avoided are refraining from sexual activity (vaginal, anal or oral) or remaining in a long-term monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner. Prior to the initiation of sexual activity, it is recommended to perform tests for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection. According to numerous reports, about one million people a day are infected with a sexually transmitted disease. The WHO (World Health Organization) reports that recent changes and new trends in the epidemiology are as follows: 340 million new cases each year (an increase by 50% since 1990), including more than 50% of patients at the age <25. According to the WHO, 41% of patients <25 years old have unprotected sex. The estimated number of new cases of sexually transmitted infections in the US is 9.1 million infections per year among persons <25 years old; 88% of them being HPV (human papillomavirus), NG (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), TV (Trichomonas vaginalis) or CT (Chlamydia trachomatis) infection. In Eastern Europe a 37-fold increase in syphilis has been noted in the past 10 years. Demographic and educational changes as well as behavioral factors are important and affect the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases.

PL

Mimo że organizm jest chroniony przez system immunologiczny, tylko niewielu ludzi nie doświadcza w swoim życiu problemów zapalnych. W przypadku dziewcząt istnieje konieczność profilaktycznych badań cytologicznych i rozważenia szczepień przeciwko onkogennym szczepom HPV. Leczenie objawów i skutków tych dolegliwości z pominięciem usuwania przyczyn powoduje, że przeistaczają się one niekiedy w choroby o katastrofalnych następstwach, co prowadzi do tragedii wielu kobiet i ich rodzin. Dlatego właśnie ważne jest zapobieganie chorobom – profilaktyczne badania kontrolne i leczenie stwierdzonych stanów patologicznych. Najpewniejsze sposoby na uniknięcie chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową to powstrzymanie się od kontaktów seksualnych (pochwowych, analnych, oralnych) lub pozostawanie w długotrwałym związku monogamicznym z niezakażonym partnerem. Przed podjęciem aktywności seksualnej wskazane jest wykonanie badań w kierunku chorób przenoszonych drogą płciową, w tym w kierunku zakażenia HIV. Według licznych doniesień około 1 mln ludzi dziennie zakaża się chorobami przenoszonymi drogą płciową. Ostatnie zmiany i tendencje w epidemiologii są według Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (World Health Organization, WHO) następujące: 340 mln nowych zachorowań rocznie (wzrost o 50% od 1990 roku), w tym ponad 50% chorych przed 25. rokiem życia. Zgodnie z danymi WHO 41% osób ze wspomnianej grupy wiekowej uprawia niezabezpieczony seks. Szacunkowa liczba nowych przypadków zakażeń przenoszonych drogą płciową w USA to 9,1 mln rocznie wśród ludzi przed 25. rokiem życia; 88% zakażeń to wirus brodawczaka ludzkiego (human papillomavirus), dwoinka rzeżączki (Neisseria gonorrhoeae), rzęsistek pochwowy (Trichomonas vaginalis) i Chlamydia trachomatis. W Europie Wschodniej odnotowano w ostatnich 10 latach 37-krotny wzrost zachorowań na kiłę. Znaczenie mają tu zmiany demograficzne i edukacyjne oraz czynniki behawioralne, kształtujące zapadalność na choroby przenoszone drogą płciową.

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2 Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

1 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

1 Current Gynecologic Oncology

1 2017

1 2015

2 2014

1 Eider P.

1 Glapa A.

1 Jarząbek-Bielecka G.

1 Kantanista A.

1 Kędzia W.

1 Lisowski P.

1 Mizgier M.

1 Pawlaczyk M.

1 Pisarska-Krawczyk M.

1 Saczuk J.

1 Tarnowski M.

1 Terczyński R.

1 Wasiluk A.

1 Wilk K.

Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006

Daily step counts and selected biological and psychological variables in 16-18-year-old girls

Changes in Motor Skills of Children who Train Sports Swimming at the Initial Stage of School Education (in an Annual Training Cycle)

Choroby przenoszone drogą płciową u nastolatków