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1

A complete analysis of Relative Synonymous Codon Usage in HVRs1-4 region in adenovirus genome

100%

Niczyporuk J. S.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 3

2

Reduction of bacterial genome size and expansion resulting from obligate intracellular lifestyle and adaptation to soil habitat.

100%

Stępkowski T., Legocki A. B.

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2001

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vol. 48

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issue 2

367-381

EN

Prokaryotic organisms are exposed in the course of evolution to various impacts, resulting often in drastic changes of their genome size. Depending on circumstances, the same lineage may diverge into species having substantially reduced genomes, or such whose genomes have undergone considerable enlargement. Genome reduction is a consequence of obligate intracellular lifestyle rendering numerous genes expendable. Another consequence of intracellular lifestyle is reduction of effective population size and limited possibility of gene acquirement via lateral transfer. This causes a state of relaxed selection resulting in accumulation of mildly deleterious mutations that can not be corrected by recombination with the wild type copy. Thus, gene loss is usually irreversible. Additionally, constant environment of the eukaryotic cell renders that some bacterial genes involved in DNA repair are expandable. The loss of these genes is a probable cause of mutational bias resulting in a high A+T content. While causes of genome reduction are rather indisputable, those resulting in genome expansion seem to be less obvious. Presumably, the genome enlargement is an indirect consequence of adaptation to changing environmental conditions and requires the acquisition and integration of numerous genes. It seems that the need for a great number of capabilities is common among soil bacteria irrespective of their phylogenetic relationship. However, this would not be possible if soil bacteria lacked indigenous abilities to exchange and accumulate genetic information. The latter are considerably facilitated when housekeeping genes are physically separated from adaptive loci which are useful only in certain circumstances.

3

Introduction to molecular biology of influenza a viruses

86%

Szewczyk B., Bieńkowska-Szewczyk K., Król E.

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2014

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vol. 61

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issue 3

397-401

EN

This minireview presents an overview of current knowledge on virion structure, genome organization and basic events in the development of influenza A virus. The processes of entry, transcription/replication and viral release are described. In this context, the roles of viral proteins (including recently discovered minor polypeptides) in the subsequent stages of viral development are also discussed.

4

Unravelling peptidomes byin silicomining

86%

Koehbach J., Jackson K. A. V.

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

Peptides of great number and diversity occur in all domains of life and exhibit a range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities. The complexity of biological samples including human cells or tissues, plant extracts or animal venom cocktails, often impedes the discovery of novel bioactive peptides using mass spectrometrybased peptidomics analysis. An increasing number of publicly available genome and transcriptome datasets, together with refined bioinformatics analysis, allows for rapid identification of novel peptides which may have been previously unrecognized. Moreover, a combination of information extracted from in silico mining approaches together with data derived from mass spectrometrybased studies provides new impetus for future peptidome analyses, including the discovery of novel bioactive peptides that can serve as starting points for drug development.

5

Biologia molekularna wirusa kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu

51%

Drelich A., Kruszyński P., Wąsik T. J.

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EN

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an etiological agent of dangerous, seasonal disorder of the central nervous system transmitted by ticks, known as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). TBEV is a member of the Flaviviridae family, the mammalian group and is a species within the genus Flavivirus. There are three subtypes of TBEV: European transmitted by I. ricinus, Far Eastern and Siberian transmitted by I. persulcatus. All subtypes are closely related both genetically and antigenically. However course of infection with particular subtypes show signifi cant clinical differences. Mature virions are spherical in shape with lipid bilayer envelope in which two surface proteins, E and M, are embedded. Immature form of virion contains a precursory protein PrM acting as a chaperone protein. The virus core constitutes an nucleocapsid composed of protein C combined with the genome of the virus. The genome, in the form of a single positive-stranded RNA, encodes for three structural proteins (C, PrM, E) and a set of seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A/B, NS3, NS4A/B, NS5). Both ends of the genomic RNA are fl anked by the UTR regions, between which there is a single ORF encoding a single polyprotein, from which functional viral proteins are formed through proteolytic cleavage. TBEV interaction with the cell occurs via interaction of the viral glycoprotein E with as yet unidentifi ed receptors. After the entry of virus into the cell by endocytosis, fusion of the virus envelope with endosomal membrane occurs leading to the viral genome uncoating. Translation, replication and assembly of progeny virions occur within the ER membrane. The virus is released from cells by exocytosis. It appears that the rate of TBEV evolution is low, which is associated with the biology of ticks.

PL

Wirus kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu (TBEV) jest czynnikiem sprawczym groźnego, sezonowego schorzenia ośrodkowego układu nerwowego przenoszonego przez kleszcze, zwanego kleszczowym zapaleniem mózgu (KZM). Należy on do rodziny Flaviviridae, do grupy wirusów atakujących komórki ssaków, gdzie zaliczany jest do rodzaju Flavivirus. Wyodrębnia się trzy podtypy wirusa: europejski, przenoszony przez I. ricinus oraz dalekowschodni i syberyjski, przenoszone przez I. persulcatus. Podtypy te wykazują bliskie pokrewieństwo pod względem fi logenetycznym i antygenowym, jednakże przebieg zakażenia nimi wykazuje znaczne różnice w obrazie klinicznym. Dojrzały wirion TBEV ma kształt sferyczny z osłonką lipidową, w której zakotwiczone są dwa białka wirusowe E i M. Niedojrzała forma wirionu zawiera prekursorowe białko PrM pełniące rolę białka chaperonowego. Rdzeń wirusa stanowi nukleokapsyd utworzony przez białko C połączone z genomem wirusa. Genom, w postaci (+)ssRNA, koduje trzy białka strukturalne (C, PrM, E) i siedem niestrukturalnych (NS1, NS2A/B, NS3, NS4A/B, NS5). Oba końce genomowego RNA fl ankowane są przez regiony UTR, między nimi znajduje się pojedyncza ORF kodująca pojedynczą poliproteinę, z której poprzez proteolityczne cięcia powstają funkcjonalne białka wirusa. Interakcja TBEV z komórką zachodzi poprzez oddziaływanie glikoproteiny E wirusa z niepoznanymi, jak dotąd, receptorami. Po wejściu wirusa do komórki na drodze endocytozy, dochodzi do fuzji osłonki wirusa z błoną endosomalną i odpłaszczenia genomu wirusowego. Translacja, replikacja i składanie wirionów potomnych zachodzą w obrębie błon ER. Wirus uwalniany jest z komórki na drodze egzocytozy. Wydaje się, iż tempo ewolucji TBEV jest niskie, co wiąże się z biologią kleszczy.

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2 Acta Biochimica Polonica

1 Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

1 Peptidomics

1 Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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1 Bieńkowska-Szewczyk K.

1 Drelich A.

1 Jackson K. A. V.

1 Koehbach J.

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1 Król E.

1 Legocki A. B.

1 Niczyporuk J. S.

1 Stępkowski T.

1 Szewczyk B.

1 Wąsik T. J.

A complete analysis of Relative Synonymous Codon Usage in HVRs1-4 region in adenovirus genome

Reduction of bacterial genome size and expansion resulting from obligate intracellular lifestyle and adaptation to soil habitat.

Introduction to molecular biology of influenza a viruses

Unravelling peptidomes byin silicomining

Biologia molekularna wirusa kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu