Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl
Preferences help
Polish version English version Language
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results

Results found: 6

Number of results on page
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  gender differences
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF): Its Mechanisms and Effects on Range of Motion and Muscular Function

100%
Hindle K., Whitcomb T., Briggs W., Hong J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
|
2012
|
vol. 31
105-113
EN
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is common practice for increasing range of motion, though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. The purpose of this study was to review possible mechanisms, proposed theories, and physiological changes that occur due to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Four theoretical mechanisms were identified: autogenic inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, stress relaxation, and the gate control theory. The studies suggest that a combination of these four mechanisms enhance range of motion. When completed prior to exercise, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation decreases performance in maximal effort exercises. When this stretching technique is performed consistently and post exercise, it increases athletic performance, along with range of motion. Little investigation has been done regarding the theoretical mechanisms of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, though four mechanisms were identified from the literature. As stated, the main goal of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation is to increase range of motion and performance. Studies found both of these to be true when completed under the correct conditions. These mechanisms were found to be plausible; however, further investigation needs to be conducted. All four mechanisms behind the stretching technique explain the reasoning behind the increase in range of motion, as well as in strength and athletic performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation shows potential benefits if performed correctly and consistently.
2
Content available remote

Contribution of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in Different Conditions (Gender and Time of Day Differences)

100%
Nourshahi M., Alirezaei F., Bahrpeyma F.
Journal of Human Kinetics
|
2010
|
vol. 25
27-34
EN
The aim of the present study was to examine the rate of central and peripheral contributions in circadian rhythms and gender differences after exhausted maximal exercise. From 36 volunteers, 12 healthy male and female subjects who had H-reflex (It is elicited by electrical stimulation and it has been suggested to be one of mechanisms that could cause central fatigue) were selected (mean age of 23.5±1.37 years, height of 166.83±5.11cm, weight of 59.8±9.15 kg, VO2max of 33.14±4.71 ml. kg-1. min-1in male subjects and mean age of 23±6.32 years, height of 165.17±2.48 cm, weight of 56±2.09 kg and VO2max of 29.05±2.89 ml. kg-1. min-1 in female subjects) and took part in this investigation. Central (MVC, latency of H-reflex, amplitude of H-reflex and ratio of H-reflex to M-wave) and peripheral properties of fatigue (blood lactate and M-wave) were recorded before and after an exhausted maximal exercise at two different times of day: 9 am and 6 pm which is separated by a week. Significant differences were found in HR, blood lactate and latency of H-reflex before and after exercise. However differences between male and female in MVC, amplitude of H-reflex, ratio of H-reflex to M-wave and M-wave was significant. With induced -exercise, central and peripheral fatigue was higher in men in the morning and in women in the afternoon., thus our results recommended designing suitable exercise programs for men and women in the afternoon and morning, respectively. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results, especially in recommending using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Funkcjonowanie kobiet i mężczyzn w sytuacji rozwodowej – analiza psychologiczna

100%
Błażek M., Kaźmierczak M., Pastwa-Wojciechowska B., Lewandowska-Walter A.
|
|
vol. XVII
|
issue 1
62-78
EN
Nowadays, we observe an increase in divorce rates in all Western countries, including Poland. Research shows significant gender differences in reactions towards divorce. Therefore, the main aim of the presented study was to compare the psychological situation of wives and husbands being in the process of divorce. One hundred and twenty couples were examined in the Family Diagnostic Centre. Women more often than men filed for divorce. Women, younger spouses and those in shorter relationships declared lower satisfaction with marriage. Both spouses blamed the other partner for the breakup (with men more frequently blamed by both parties). The results indicate significant gender differences in emotional and cognitive functioning with certain psychological problems displayed by both spouses.
4

Body Image, Physical Activity and Sport Involvement: A Study on Gender Differences

100%
Leng H. K., Phua Y. X. P., Yang Y.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
|
2020
|
vol. 85
|
issue 1
40-49
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Comparison of healthy behavior in Ukrainian and Polish students of physical education

75%
Rogowska A. M., Pavlova I., Kuśnierz C., Kwaśnicka A., Koszyk S., Hejno M.
Physical Activity Review
|
2021
|
vol. 2
|
issue 9
56-65
EN
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the healthy behaviors in undergraduate students of Physical Education (PE) from Ukraine and Poland in comparison to the control sample of students of other faculties. Material and methods: The group of 564 university students (67% of males), ranging in age from 18 to 41 years (M = 22.05, SD = 2.49), was surveyed using a written form of the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). The HBI includes the following four subscales: healthy habits, nutrition (HHN), preventive behavior (PB), positive adjustments (PA), and healthy practices (HP). Undergraduates' sample consisted of 25% Ukrainian students of PE faculty, 30% Polish PE students, and 45% Polish sample of other faculty's students. Results: Overall, the undergraduates were presented with a low level of the total HBI. Both Ukrainian and Polish PE students scored higher than their other faculties' peers in the Total HBI, HHN, PB, and PA scales. Women scored significantly higher than men in the Total HBI, HHN, and PB scales. The interaction between faculty and gender was also found in the total HBI, HNN, and HP scores. Conclusions: The Polish Health Education curriculum at universities should be improved to increase PE students' healthy behavior as future teachers. New health promotion programs should be implemented at campuses and universities to maintain and improve a healthy lifestyle among students. These health prevention programs' main aim is to motivate students, be more responsible for their health, engage more in physical activity, learn effective coping with stress strategies, and practice healthy eating habits and other wellness forms.
6
Content available remote

The Influence of the "Red Win" Effect in Sports: A Hypothesis of Erroneous Perception of Opponents Dressed in Red - Preliminary Test

75%
Sorokowski P., Szmajke A.
Human Movement
|
2011
|
vol. 12
|
issue 4
367-373
EN
Purpose. Psychological research indicates that, in contact sports, the results of sports competitions might be influenced by the color of an athlete's uniform (especially the color red). However, previous research has not yet experimentally verified whether this hypothesis might be a consequence of perceptual distortion caused by moving objects of a certain color, such as red. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of an object's color on the efficiency of performing simple tasks in a basic computer game. Methods. 225 participants aged between 16 and 30 years played nine different "arcade" games of skill, differed by the rules and colors used in the game, where the subjects were tested on their ability to hit, escape from, or outmaneuver certain objects of a certain color (either blue, red or black). The score achieved was then correlated to what effect the color of the objects had on a subject's visual perception. Results. It was found that the study participants were able to hit red moving objects significantly better than blue and black objects. No difference was found in the ability to avoid elements, in all three colors. Conclusions. The obtained result finds that in some games of skill, the color of the used stimulus might significantly influence perceptual efficiency and, therefore, the results and performance of individuals. The results of our study suggest that future research is needed in investigating the meaning and role of colors, as this may be very important, in various sports. The colors used in sports equipment, uniforms, environment, etc., should be empirically verified if they can influence the results of sports competitions.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.