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Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Aged 85 Years and Older

100%

Kozieł D., Matykiewicz J., Głuszek S.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2011

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vol. 83

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issue 11

606-613

EN

The aging of the population is associated with the increased risk of chronic diseases, and greater consumption of drugs used in their treatment, which may lead towards gastrointestinal bleeding.The aim of the study was to analyze the reasons, treatment results, complications and mortality connected with gastrointestinal bleeding in patients aged 85 years and older.Material and methods. The study comprised the retrospective analysis of 84 patients, aged between 85 and 97 years admitted to the Department of General Surgery with diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, during the period between 2005 and 2010. The results were compared to a younger control group of 151 patients (mean age-53 years) with gastrointestinal bleeding, admitted to the department during the same period. Diagnosis was based on the history, physical examination, endoscopy, morphology and biochemical lab results. Analysis considered the therapeutic method used, treatment results, complications and hospital mortality. The endoscopic picture and risk of recurrent bleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage was evaluated by means of the clinical Forrest scale. Results were subject to statistical analysis.Results. Most of the gastrointestinal bleeding cases considering patients aged 85 years and older concerned the upper gastrointestinal tract (41.67%). Thirty (35.71%) patients were on drugs affecting the coagulation system. On admission, the average hemoglobin concentration level in the elderly was comparable to results observed in case of the control group. Considering patients aged 85+, drugs affecting the coagulation system were used statistically more frequently, as compared to younger patients. Recurrence of bleeding was observed in 10 (11.9%) study group patients.Overall mortality due to gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients amounted to 20.24% and was statistically higher, as compared to the control group- 7.2%.Conclusions. Treatment results in case of gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly patients (above 85 years) are burdened with a higher mortality rate. Different diagnostic and therapeutic methods should be applied in case of elderly patients (above 85 years), in order to increase their chance of survival. The problem of aging is an epidemiological phenomenon and gastrointestinal bleeding will become an increasing problem, needing to be solved in everyday clinical practice.

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Management of incidentally discovered unaffected Meckel’s diverticulum – a review

100%

Żyluk A.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2019

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vol. 91(6)

41-46

EN

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, with its incidence estimated at 1-4% in the general population. In most cases Meckel’s diverticulum is a latent, asymptomatic anomaly, but in some cases, it may lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction, bleeding and inflammation. The literature provides no precise recommendations for the management of accidentally diagnosed, unaffected Meckel’s diverticulum. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the subject to determine the current state of knowledge. Based on an analysis of 17 papers, the following criteria (risk factors) were identified justifying ‘preventive’ resection of an accidentally found, unaffected Meckel’s diverticulum: age <50 years, male gender, length >2 cm, macroscopic abnormalities suggesting the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa as well as narrow neck of the diverticulum. When the criteria are not met, there is a minimal lifetime risk of complications. Leaving diverticulum intact is recommended in cases of peritonitis, major abdominal trauma and at older age. Nevertheless, indications or contraindications for resection are relative, and surgeons are safe to make their decision depending on individual patient’s situation.

3

Bleding From the Splenic Artery into a Pancreatic Pseudocyst with a Coexisting Microfistula to the Transverse Colon as Atypical Recurent Masive Gastrointestinal Bleding

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Fabiszewski A., Jackowski M.

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issue 11

542-549

EN

Here we present a case of a 49-year old male patient who was hospitalized at our Clinic from 2 to 16 December 2008 due to recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding. It was a patient with a history of recurrent pancreatitis. He had a history of surgical treatment for postinflamamtory pancreatic cyst (Jurasz cystogastrostomy). From 28.01.2007 to 16.12.2008 he was hospitalized five times. During the last hospitalization he received a total of 12 units of packed red blood cells. Neither gastroscopy nor colonoscopy did demonstrate the site of bleeding. AngioCT of the abdominal cavity demonstrated clearly enlarged spleen and a well delineated region, 30×35 mm, reaching spleen hilum, filled with dense fluid suggesting a vascular fistula, in the projection of the body and tail of the pancreas. The patient was qualified for laparotomy. Intraoperatively, bleeding from the splenic artery into the pancreatic pseudocyst with coexisting microperforation to the transverse colon was detected. The pancreatic cyst was opened and drained, the bleeding blood vessel as well as the splenic artery were underpinned. Splenectomy was performed and wall of the transverse colon was repaired. The patient underwent reoperation due to adhesion related small bowel obstruction on day 30 after the procedure. Currently the patient is in good general condition, without complaints, undergoes periodic follow up in the outpatient setting.

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Przygotowanie chorych ze schorzeniami układu sercowo-naczyniowego do zabiegów endoskopowych

63%

Deptuła-Krawczyk E., Wajszczuk S., Hałas K., Kowal J., Gielerak G.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

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2010

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vol. 6

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issue 2

112-117

EN

Proper initial preparation of patients undergoing endoscopic procedures is a crucial factor in its effectiveness and patient’s safety. Consideration for comorbidity and treatment in cardiac patients need to be taken into account, during initial preparation of patient. A lot of cardiac patients have indications for the use of prophylactic or treatment doses of K-vitamin antagonists (VKA – warfarin or acenocoumarol). Dealing with patients, who are on VKA, there is need to consider the advantages of preventing embolic complications as well as disadvantages of gastrointestinal bleeding risk. Endoscopic procedures are divided into low and high risk of bleeding. In patients with low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, there is no need to altering VKA dosage. In cases of high bleeding risk, administration of anticoagulant treatment should be discontinued and heparin administration should be considered. Many cardiac patients receive antiplatelet drugs, like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ticlopidine and clopidogrel. In these patients, especially receiving combined therapy, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases. Patients undergoing endoscopic procedure don’t require discontinuation of the ASA therapy. In patients receiving combined antiplatelet therapy, clopidogrel therapy should be stopped before the procedure, and ASA should be continued. The exception being patients, who undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), depending on the type of procedure performed. According to latest guidelines, patients who undergo gastrointestinal procedures are not recommended for endocarditis prophylaxis.

PL

Odpowiednie przygotowanie chorego poddawanego zabiegom endoskopowym decyduje o bezpieczeństwie i skuteczności ich wykonania. Proces przygotowania chorego kardiologicznego wymaga uwzględnienia schorzenia, leczenia stosowanego z jego powodu oraz analizy chorób współistniejących. U wielu chorych ze schorzeniami kardiologicznymi istnieją wskazania do profilaktycznego lub leczniczego stosowania doustnych antagonistów witaminy K (warfaryny lub acenokumarolu). W postępowaniu z chorym przyjmującym doustne leki przeciwkrzepliwe należy rozważyć z jednej strony ryzyko powikłań zakrzepowo- -zatorowych, a z drugiej ryzyko krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego. Procedury endoskopowe dzielimy na te o niskim i wysokim ryzyku krwawienia okołozabiegowego. U chorych z niskim ryzykiem krwawienia nie musimy korygować dawkowania doustnego antykoagulantu, z kolei w przypadku dużego ryzyka krwawienia należy odstawić doustny antykoagulant i, zależnie od stopnia ryzyka powikłań zakrzepowo- -zatorowych, zadecydować o zastosowaniu w okresie okołozabiegowym heparyny. Wielu chorych otrzymuje z przyczyn kardiologicznych leki o działaniu antyagregacyjnym, takie jak kwas acetylosalicylowy, tiklopidyna i klopidogrel, co wiąże się z ryzykiem krwawień z przewodu pokarmowego, zwłaszcza u chorych otrzymujących leczenie skojarzone. Chorzy przyjmujący kwas acetylosalicylowy nie wymagają odstawienia leku przed planowanym zabiegiem endoskopowym. W przypadku skojarzonego leczenia przeciwpłytkowego zaleca się odstawienie klopidogrelu przed planowanym zabiegiem oraz utrzymanie leczenia kwasem acetylosalicylowym. Wyjątek stanowią pacjenci po przezskórnej angioplastyce tętnic wieńcowych, u których postępowanie zależy od rodzaju przeprowadzonego zabiegu. Zgodnie z aktualnymi rekomendacjami u chorych poddawanych zabiegom w zakresie przewodu pokarmowego nie zaleca się profilaktyki zapalenia wsierdzia.

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3 Polish Journal of Surgery

1 Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

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1 Deptuła-Krawczyk E.

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1 Gielerak G.

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1 Jackowski M.

1 Kowal J.

1 Kozieł D.

1 Matykiewicz J.

1 Wajszczuk S.

1 Żyluk A.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Aged 85 Years and Older

Management of incidentally discovered unaffected Meckel’s diverticulum – a review

Bleding From the Splenic Artery into a Pancreatic Pseudocyst with a Coexisting Microfistula to the Transverse Colon as Atypical Recurent Masive Gastrointestinal Bleding

Przygotowanie chorych ze schorzeniami układu sercowo-naczyniowego do zabiegów endoskopowych