Search results

1

Social, Educational and Sports Character of Football Academy in Malbork

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Barnat W., Jastrzębski Z., Konieczna A., Radzimiński Ł., Jaskulska E., Bichowska M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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vol. 3

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issue 4

325-332

EN

The main sports aim of Football Academy is teaching and improving soccer skills of talented players from Malbork administrative district and the nearby areas as well as creating a two-stage sports training system targeted at young juniors (middle school - 3 years) and juniors (high school - 3 years). The main socio-educational aim is to support young players with a desirable set of values and create appropriate educational conditions for them to study at middle and high school.Judging by the three-year period of sports training and general educational activity in Football Academy in Malbork this practice can be described as systemic in terms of the second level of local government administration in Poland. Moreover, combining school education with sports training in the form of sports classes increases the effectiveness of soccer training and social integration. The main purpose of this paper was to present the organization and structure of Football Academy in Malbork.

2

The evaluation of foot arch and the distribution of foot-to-ground contact forces in young football players as well as their impact on the occurrence of injuries

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Szeliga E., Bac A., Kaczor S.

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 4

13-18

EN

Introduction The foot is an important element of the human motor system. It is a single mechanism of propulsion and amortisation. Sports people, football players in particular, are especially prone to limb loading. In this discipline, the first contact with the sport as well as training begin at a very young age. In order to prevent traumas and injuries among young players, it is important to assess their foot arch. Material and methods A group of 30 players aged 13-18 who played football at the Progres Sports Academy in Cracow and at the lower- and upper-secondary schools in Cracow under the patronage of Marcin Gortat were tested. The tests involved the podoscopic evaluation of both feet, the test of both feet on a tensometric mat and a survey. To assess the longitudinal foot arch, Clarke’s angle was applied in the authors’ own tests. The transverse arch was evaluated using the Wejsflog index. Results For the overwhelming majority of the persons tested, the most common type of longitudinal arch was flat foot. Only a scant minority had a tendency towards hollow foot. The most common injuries among the examined footballers included muscle pulling and tearing as well as sprains and overloading. Most players suffered injuries of thigh muscles, knee joints, tarsal joints and feet. Conclusions It was confirmed that there was a significant correlation between the intensity of training and the frequency of injuries.

3

Changes of Lactate Threshold during a Half-Year Training Cycle in "Arka Gdynia" Football Players

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Ignatiuk W., Rompa P., Radzimiński Ł., Dargiewicz R., Jastrzębski Z.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2010

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vol. 2

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issue 2

104-112

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to assess lactate threshold changes during a half-year training cycle in S.S.A. "Arka Gdynia" football team.Material/Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 17 "Arka Gdynia" Football Club players. The subjects participated in premier league competitions in autumn 2009/10 season. Apart from league matches (17) the players took part in Remes Polish Cup (2 matches). Aerobic capacity tests were conducted at the beginning of the summer preparatory season (test 1 - 27th June 2009), during the competitive season (test 2 - 2nd September 2009) and at the beginning of the winter preparatory season (test 3 - 13th January 2010). The players underwent an incremental running test. Running speed (V/LT) and heart rate (HR/LT) at the lactate threshold were determined.Results: An analysis of mean running speed values at LT intensity in each study confirms that during the first two tests participants achieved the same mean value of the ratio V/LT (3.80 m/s). The last test revealed a regression of the results by 0.17 m/s. The lowest standard deviation (± 0.20 m/s) was observed in the first study, which indicates that the diversity of the group was the smallest.Conclusions: Goalkeepers achieved statistically lower (p<0.05) values of running speed at the intensity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (V/LT) in relation to field players.

4

SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTROLLING THE INTENSITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF EFFORT IN FOOTBALL

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Buryta R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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vol. 2

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issue 2

3-8

EN

The problem of evaluating and defining physical endurance of athletes has been the subject of a great body of research and scientific discussion. In team sports, especially football, the energy protection of working muscles in players requires the use of almost all metabolic pathways: aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic. Because of the varying pace of action, the share of energy conversions in muscle cells changes rapidly during a match. Another concern voiced by scientists and football coaches is the question of whether fitness training should always be performed with football balls. The aim of this paper was to present the necessity of monitoring the development of aerobic fitness in football players, and also to answer the question of whether motoric training in football may be performed with balls.

5

Trends in the gameplay of European football players

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Soroka A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 4

267-272

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of footballers who participated in the 2008 and 2012 European Championships. The study was conducted by analysis of basic technical and tactical game. Material/Methods: The observation method in the form of a kinematic game analysis system was used to collect necessary data. The research material was based on analysis of 304 players participating in the 2008 European Championships and 277 players in the 2012 European Championships, with each tournament consisting of 31 matches. Statistica software was used to apply the Student’s t-test for the independent groups. Results: Higher values of indicators determining player’s efficiency were found in the teams participating in the 2012 tournament; significant differences were found in the total number (p = 0.048) and accuracy (p = 0.034) of shots taken by the most successful teams, in the number (p = 0.044), efficiency (p = 0.002) and accuracy (p < 0.001) of passes as well as in the length of distance covered (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A systematic increase in the efficiency of passes in subsequent tournaments points to an upward trend of this element in the game. An increase was also noted in the number of shots taken, which was accompanied by a decrease in shot accuracy. Modern football has become a fast team game with lots of passes of high reliability. Thus, training of young players should be focused on the development of playing techniques and motor skills

6

Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

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Burdukiewicz A., Chmura J., Pietraszewska J., Andrzejewska J., Stachoń A., Nosal J.

Human Movement

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2013

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vol. 14

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issue 2

96-101

EN

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the body tissue composition and functional traits of young football players. Methods. Analysis was performed on 23 junior football players. Body mass and height were measured. Bioelectrical impedance was used to assess the players’ body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, body cell mass and extracellular mass). The body mass index, body cell mass index and the extracellular mass/body cell mass ratio were also calculated. Functional traits were assessed by a one-on-one football game in an enclosed space with the objective to score the highest number of goals in a timed setting. Measurements of HRrest, HRmax and heart rate reserve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the subjects’ cardiovascular systems. Results. Insignificant differences in body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency were found regardless of what position was played. Overall, forwards were characterised by having the greatest height, the highest level of active body tissue development and the most efficient cardiovascular systems. Defenders were characterised by having larger body build, while midfielders displayed a significantly greater percentage of extracellular mass and EMC in relation to BC M. Conclusions. The results reveal that trends exist in the body tissue composition and cardiovascular efficiency of football players depending on which position they play. These differences reflect the varied physical efforts players perform during a match and should be taken into consideration when designing training programmes.

7

Age-Related Differences of Hamstring Flexibility in Male Soccer Players

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Nikolaïdis P.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 2

110-115

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and hamstring flexibility of male soccer players and to provide reference data.Material/Methods: The study comprised 698 male subjects. The largest group consisted of male adolescents (n = 597; aged 10-22 years, yrs), further subdivided into six two-year age groups; the other two groups being children (n = 21, younger than 10 yrs) and adult players (n = 80; older than 22 yrs). All of those who participated in our study were members of competitive soccer clubs. They were examined for anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and performed the sit-and-reach test (SAR).Results: An analysis of variance revealed significant differences between age groups with respect to SAR (F7,690 = 17.62, p<0.001, η2 = 0.15). Our findings indicated that the older the age group, the higher the SAR (e.g. 16.6±5.1 cm in the children's group, 20.7±7.5 cm in the under-16-yr-old group and 24.7±6.9 cm in the adult group). This result came in agreement with the significant and moderate correlation coefficient between age and SAR (r = 0.33, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Although the cross-sectional design did not allow inferring a causal relationship between age and hamstring flexibility, it is reasonable to suppose that there are small gains in flexibility with development. Compared with previous findings, soccer players had similar values to the general population.

8

Pseudo-Fans - The Analysis of the Phenomenon of Polish Football Hooliganism

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Sahaj T.

Human Movement

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2009

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vol. 10

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issue 1

64-66

EN

We have witnessed many intriguing social phenomena at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Researchers of physical culture and sport, especially those interested in philosophical and social aspects of events, are likely to come across many surprising situations resulting from the dynamic development of social reality. Sport has undoubtedly become one of the factors that have a great influence on numerous social occurrences. From among various phenomena related to sport the author analyses the one which has riveted the attention of many people interested in sport - the stigmatization of contemporary sport by hooliganism. This problem may seem to concern mainly football (Am. soccer), but unfortunately it occurs in other disciplines as well. Although the phenomenon reaches the edges of sport and is still just within its margins, it appears necessary to conduct thorough research on it.

9

Lactate Threshold Changes in Soccer Players during the Preparation Period

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Jastrzębski Z., Dargiewicz R., Ignatiuk W., Radzimiński Ł., Rompa P., Konieczna A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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vol. 3

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issue 2

96-104

EN

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the anaerobic threshold (lactate threshold LT) changes during winter and summer preparation period in soccer premier league and first division players. It was assumed that the index value varies depending on the stage of a one-year training cycle.Material/Methods: Tests were conducted on the premier league and first division soccer players. Physical capacity tests were carried out at the beginning and at the end of the winter and summer preparation period. The tests covered 3 years: 2008 - 2010. Subjects performed an incremental running test according to Jastrzębski's method. The most important data obtained from this test are: running speed (V/LT) and heart rate (HR/LT) at LT.Results: At the beginning of summer preparations the players' speed corresponding to LT reached the value of 3.69 m/s ± 0.31 m/s, while at the end of this period it increased to 3.86 m/s ± 0.29 m/s. During the winter preparatory season the values of this index were 3.81 m/s ± 0.3 m/s and 3.80 m/s ± 0.21 m/s, respectively.Conclusions: Tested subjects showed lower values of running speed at LT level at the beginning of the summer preparatory season than at its end. At the final stage of the winter preparatory season HR values at LT were significantly lower than at the initial stage of this period.

10

Critical Moments in Elite Premiership Football: Who Do You Think You Are?

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Nesti M., Littlewood M., O’Halloran L., Eubank M., Richardson D.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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vol. 56

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issue 1

23-32

EN

The present paper aims to specifically outline the critical moments that permeate professional football players’ development and existence in elite level English Premiership football. It also recognises the role of the applied sport psychologist in working with top players to address issues that challenge, impact (and change) player identity and personal meaning as they travel through their career from youth to professional to retirement. We conclude the paper by introducing some alternative perspectives on theory and practice. The paper is a result of the combined interests and applied activity of the authors and draws from theoretical frameworks and concepts in social psychology, existential phenomenological psychology and sociology. In this regard the paper attempts to synthesise (and celebrate) complimentary disciplines in order to allow us to consider the individual player within their social context.

11

Calculating Home Advantage in the First Decade of the 21th Century UEFA Soccer Leagues

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Saavedra García M., Gutiérrez Aguilar Ó., Marques P. S., Torres Tobío G., Romero J. J. F.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 38

141-150

EN

Home advantage has been studied in different sports, establishing its existence and its possible causes. This article analyzes the home advantage in soccer leagues of UEFA countries in the first part of the 21st century. The sample of 52 countries monitored during a period of 10 years allows us to study 520 leagues and 111,030 matches of the highest level in each country associated with UEFA. Home advantage exists and is significant in 32 of the 52 UEFA countries, where it equals 55.6%. A decrease can be observed in the tendency towards home advantage between the years 2000 and 2010. Values between 55 and 56 were observed for home advantage in the top ten leagues in Europe. It has also been observed that home advantage depends on the level of the league evaluated using UEFA’s 2010/11 Country coefficients. The home advantage is calculated taking into account the teams’ position and the points obtained in each of the leagues. A direct relationship was observed with the number of points gained and an inverse relationship was observed with the team position.

12

Analysis of football player’s motion in view of fractional calculus

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Couceiro M., Clemente F., Martins F.

Open Physics

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2013

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vol. 11

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issue 6

714-723

EN

Accurately retrieving the position of football players over time may lay the foundations for a whole series of possible new performance metrics for coaches and assistants. Despite the recent developments of automatic tracking systems, the misclassification problem (i.e., misleading a given player by another) still exists and requires human operators as final evaluators. This paper proposes an adaptive fractional calculus (FC) approach to improve the accuracy of tracking methods by estimating the position of players based on their trajectory so far. One half-time of an official football match was used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach under different sampling periods of 250, 500 and 1000 ms. Moreover, the performance of the FC approach was compared with position-based and velocity-based methods. The experimental evaluation shows that the FC method presents a high classification accuracy for small sampling periods. Such results suggest that fractional dynamics may fit the trajectory of football players, thus being useful to increase the autonomy of tracking systems.

13

MAXIMUM LOCOMOTOR SPEED OF THE BEST FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT THE FIFA WORLD CUP IN BRAZIL

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Bojkowski Ł., Śliwowski R., Wieczorek A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 4

103-110

EN

In comprehensive preparation of a player to football competition special attention is paid to his predispositions in terms of speed abilities. Therefore, the authors’ objective was to analyse maximum locomotor speed of players of the four best national teams competing during the FIFA World Cup in Brazil, including specifying the differences in terms of speeds of these national teams and players in corresponding playing positions of individual teams. The analysis used data obtained using the Castrol Performance Index, a kinematic method and in order to present significance of differences between the studied teams and playing positions one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. The study showed that the mean maximum running speed of the players of the four best teams of the World Cup was 8.34 metres/ second. The mean maximum locomotive speed of the defenders in semi-finalist teams of the tournament was 8.29 m/s, while the midfielders’ speed was – 8.16 m/s, the forwards’ – 8.48 m/s and the goalkeepers’ – 7.40 m/s. The players who had a maximum speed of 9 m/s or more were the Dutchman Ron Vlaar (9.16 m/s) and the Argentines José María Basanta (9.09 m/s) and Ángel Di Maria (9.17 m/s). There is no significant difference between the world’s best teams, including between their corresponding playing positions, in the level of maximum running speeds determining the dynamics of the game.

14

SMALL-SIDED SOCCER GAME (1V1) IN GOALKEEPERS’ TRAINING

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Goliński D., Muracki J., Wolański P., Klich S., Murawska-Ciałowicz E.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2016

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vol. 16

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issue 4

111-118

EN

Small-sided soccer games, i.e. 1v1 are often used in training, which results in a composite influence on the player. Training exercises stimulated in the game allow to master many skills, form habits and modify behaviors associated with solving specific situations during a match. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity of exercise during a 1v1 game for goalkeepers. Eight goalkeepers participated in the experiment (body weight 80.63 ±3.50 kg, body height 184.69 ±3.71 cm, BMI 23.64 ±0.74). All goalkeepers played 1v1 games. During the small-sided game players can use all the goalkeeper techniques to score a goal. During all of the matches, heart rate (HR) was recorded using a sport tester, LA was measured in the second minute after the end of each game. There was also collected data determining subjective assessment of the effort made by the players using Borg scale (RPE). The highest average HR and RPE were recorded in the third match, respectively (192.38 ±8.07 b/min; 14.38 ±2.07), while in the first match the examined parameters were on average 186 ±8.85 b/min; 11.38 ±1.51, and in the second 186.00 ±8.09 b/min; 13.50 ±1.85 respectively. The highest LA level was recorded after the second match and equaled 7.71 ±2.07 mmol/l (7.06 ±3.54 after the first match and 7.5 ±1.37 after the third match). The 1v1 game requires the use of similar to the real game actions, as well as the average exercise intensity is also similar to the scoringopportunity situations and conditions of a match.

15

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football

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Fogel C.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2012

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vol. 54

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issue 1

49-54

EN

Football is played throughout the far regions of the world. There is no other sport that brings so many people together locally, nationally, and internationally. Football is not, however, a unified sport with shared rules, customs and histories across time and space. In contrast, football is largely a different sport depending on where it is being played. This paper traces the development of Canadian football as a unique sport with strong similarities to and subtle differences from American football, as well as clear distinctions from forms of football played outside of North America.

16

The Relationship among the Somatic Characteristics, Age and Covered Distance of Football Players

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Soroka A., Bergier J.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 4

353-360

EN

Purpose. The aim of this article was to define the somatic characteristics, BMI index, age and total distance covered of football players who participated in the 2008 European Football Championships. The article also pointed to any significant interrelationships. Methods. On the basis of a game analysis system, the Castrol Performance Index, the 248 football players who participated in all 32 games of the Championships were subject to analysis based on the distance covered during the games, with the results statistically analyzed and compared with the players' somatic characteristics. In addition, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used as a non-parametric counterpart of one-way analysis of variance. Results. The highest values of the somatic characteristics such as height, body mass, age and the BMI index were found in goalkeepers. The longest distances covered during the games were attained by midfielders and side midfielders, whereas the shortest distances covered were by goalkeepers and central defenders. Larger values of height and body mass corresponded to smaller covered distances by players during the games. Conclusions. The indicated dependences, which were found among the players' age, height, body mass and covered distance during the games allows one to define the usefulness of a player in a particular team formation. The covered distance, particularly in correlation with the mentioned morphological indicators, which to a great extent are genetically conditioned, could be used as criterion towards specifying in the most accurate way which formation a particular player should play in, based on his genetic predisposition.

17

The Effect of Core Stability and Functional Exercises on Selected Speed and Strength Parameters in Expert Female Footballers

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Niewolna N., Zwierko T.

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EN

Designed to strengthen the deep (stabilizer) muscles which stabilize joints and ligaments, core stability exercises are important for the development of motor skills in athletes. In this research, we aimed to determine how a two-year program of core stability and functional exercises influenced the strength and speed of female football players. The tested athletes (n = 17) were members of Olimpia Szczecin MKS, a first division football club from Poland. Their mean age was 19.8 ±1.4 years, while the mean duration of sport experience was 6 years. We analyzed their running speed, as well as the maximal strength of eight major muscle groups: rectus abdominals, abdominal oblique, shoulder girdle, chest, upper limbs, quadriceps, biceps and gastronomies. The effects of training on motor speed and strength were measured twice, prior to each of the two seasons. The functional training resulted in significant changes in the strength of various muscle groups: quadriceps (Δ17.1 kg; p < 0.05), abdominal oblique muscle (Δ9.1 kg; p < 0.05), shoulder girdle (Δ3.6 kg; p < 0.05) and chest (Δ3.5 kg; p < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in the time of the 30 meter sprint (p < 0.05) (Δ0.1 s; p < 0.05). In summary, functional training had a positive effect on the strength and running speed of the tested female footballers.

18

Sports Arena vs. Crowd Psychology – A Psychosocial Analysis of Polish Football Fans’ Participation in UEFA EURO 2012

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Kulmatycki L.

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EN

With reference to the arena in the ancient Greek ritual theater, the Roman circus, or later the medieval arena as the venue of tournaments of knights, the author recalls the changeability of social functions of public spectacles. Together with the expansion of corporeality and the spirit of competition that started at the beginning of the 20th century, when a sports arena became a place of testing human physical possibilities, also the idea of a modern football stadium is born. The aim of this paper is to synthesize psychosocial aspects of Polish fans’ participation in UEFA EURO 2012. In his paper of a theoretical character the author raises three specific questions regarding the reception of the European Football Championships, the greatest sports event ever held in Poland. Were football matches not changed into a manifestation of the need for ludic affiliation and social emotions which cannot find other means of expression? Were the great expectations not a kind of therapy to compensate for national complaints? And did Poland’s matches against certain national teams become a surrogate method to eliminate negative emotions by referring to the metaphor of pseudo-patriotic war against historical enemies? Were the Polish fans’ expectations for their team’s success not too high, taking into consideration the football abilities of the team? The author analyzed fans’ reactions in terms of the assumptions of crowd psychology established by Le Bon. He proves that, on the one hand, fans wanted to demonstrate Europe they were not worse than others and their team could win, too. On the other hand, fans wanted to have much fun regardless of the result, that is to see how it was to be loyal fans of their favorite team. There is also an alarming trend in the attitudes assumed by Polish fans who underline the patriotic and nationalistic context.

19

The Image of a Football Fan as Depicted in Research Literature and the Present Study

100%

Makurat F.

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EN

Background: The issue of spectator behaviour at sporting events remains ever current and in need of a lot of interdisciplinary research which would take into account the needs of the contemporary society. The following paper is an attempt at this in the context of the author’s own research and EURO 2012. Material/Methods: The study made use of The Adjective Check List (ACL) by H.B. Gough and A.B. Heilbrun in two versions - Real Self and Ideal Self - as well as a self-designed survey. One hundred and twenty people took part in the study, 45 of them were supporters of Arka Gdynia,43 were supporters of CracoviaKrakówand 32 were supporters of Lech Poznań. The goal of the study was to characterize football fans on the basis of this Triad. The analysis included both a descriptive analysis and a decisive analysis. Statistical tests were used as part of the decisive analysis. Results: Significant differences between study participants were found with respect to the participants’ age. Three groups emerged. The eldest group is very conscientious, patient and prefers peace, calm and anonymity. In the middle group key characteristics are: decisiveness, self-confidence and persistence. The youngest sports fans are most impulsive, the least disciplined and the most impatient. In the three age groups, very few statistically significant differences were noted with respect to the real Self image and the ideal Self image. Conclusions: All the hypotheses were confirmed. The sports fans from the study have a strong competitive streak accompanied by a heightened level of aggression. In order to get a better understanding of what really goes on in sports arenas more research is necessary, including research on sports fans of other sport disciplines.

20

Polish Fans’ Emotions during EURO 2012

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Wilczewska I., Boski P.

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EN

Background: The study was conducted during the 2012 UEFA European Football Championships between 8 and 19 June. It aimed at longitudinal investigation into the dynamics of Polish fans’ emotions related to the performance of their national football team. Special focus was laid on investigating the evaluation of organizational preparedness to the tournament as a broader context for sport events, and relating it to fans’ emotions Material/Methods: Over 700 individuals took part in 3 waves of the study which corresponded to Polish team’s games in the group stage of the tournament. Participants were contacted immediately after the final whistles, receiving e-mails with links to on-line questionnaires. In the first wave, respondents filled in the scales of national pride and shame, interest in football, enthusiasm and skepticism after the opening match and anticipatory emotions before the second match. In the second wave, outcome-related emotions were measured as real (the draw score) and as counterfactual (victory and loss). In the third wave, scales concerning Poland’s final defeat were employed. Each wave included measures of fans’ behavior during the game. Results: The experience of a real (with the Czech Republic) or imaginary (with Russia) defeat was determined by pre-match anticipatory excitement and the intensity of expressive behavior during the match. Satisfaction with the tournament organization and general enthusiasm about the event affected the emotional reaction to the outcome draw (with Russia) as well as to constructive coping with the eventual defeat. Conclusions: Draw is experienced by football fans as qualitatively different from a loss or a victory. Defeat of a team or its victory are highly emotional results whereas a draw leads to more balanced reactions and derives its meaning from the context of the event.

Refine search results

Social, Educational and Sports Character of Football Academy in Malbork

The evaluation of foot arch and the distribution of foot-to-ground contact forces in young football players as well as their impact on the occurrence of injuries

Changes of Lactate Threshold during a Half-Year Training Cycle in "Arka Gdynia" Football Players

SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTROLLING THE INTENSITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF EFFORT IN FOOTBALL

Trends in the gameplay of European football players

Characteristics of body tissue composition and functional traits in junior football players

Age-Related Differences of Hamstring Flexibility in Male Soccer Players

Pseudo-Fans - The Analysis of the Phenomenon of Polish Football Hooliganism

Lactate Threshold Changes in Soccer Players during the Preparation Period

Critical Moments in Elite Premiership Football: Who Do You Think You Are?

Calculating Home Advantage in the First Decade of the 21th Century UEFA Soccer Leagues

Analysis of football player’s motion in view of fractional calculus

MAXIMUM LOCOMOTOR SPEED OF THE BEST FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT THE FIFA WORLD CUP IN BRAZIL

SMALL-SIDED SOCCER GAME (1V1) IN GOALKEEPERS’ TRAINING

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football

The Relationship among the Somatic Characteristics, Age and Covered Distance of Football Players

The Effect of Core Stability and Functional Exercises on Selected Speed and Strength Parameters in Expert Female Footballers

Sports Arena vs. Crowd Psychology – A Psychosocial Analysis of Polish Football Fans’ Participation in UEFA EURO 2012

The Image of a Football Fan as Depicted in Research Literature and the Present Study

Polish Fans’ Emotions during EURO 2012